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中国物理学会期刊

基于铯原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的双光子Bragg散射相干振荡动力学研究

Investigation of Coherent Oscillation Dynamics in Two-Photon Bragg Scattering Based on 133Cs Bose-Einstein Condensates

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  • 双光子Bragg散射是一种利用两束相向传播的激光与原子相互作用实现原子相干动量转移的关键技术,被广泛应用于原子的动量选择、分束与相干操控。在本实验中,我们对无相互作用铯原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的双光子Bragg散射振荡动力学进行了研究。利用Feshbach共振技术将超冷铯原子s波散射长度淬火至零后,一对反向传播的拉曼激光脉冲相干地驱动凝聚体在|g, 0〉和|g, 2ħk〉动量态之间发生布居数振荡。通过吸收成像测量,我们成功观测到原子在两个动量态间布居数的周期性Rabi振荡,拟合得到振荡频率为615(13) Hz,振荡相干时间为4.1(2)ms。随后测量了Rabi频率与Bragg激光强度对应关系,并探究了振荡频率和幅值对双光子共振频率失谐的依赖,所有实验结果均能通过二能级系统Rabi模型得到良好描述。铯原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚为量子态相干操控提供了一个纯净、相互作用可调的实验平台,实验结果则为基于双光子Bragg散射过程的物质波干涉测量和量子模拟方案提供了重要的实验参考。

     

    Two-photon Bragg scattering is a pivotal technology for coherent momentum transfer in atoms, utilizing a pair of counter-propagating laser beams. It is widely applied in the selection of atomic momentum, beam splitting, and coherent manipulation of atoms. In this work, we systematically investigate the coherent oscillation dynamics of two-photon Bragg scattering within a 133Cs Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) under a non-interacting condition. We studied the dynamics of two-photon Bragg scattering oscillation in a Bose-Einstein condensate of non-interacting cesium atoms. By using Feshbach resonance technology to quench the scattering length of ultracold cesium atoms to zero, a pair of counter-propagating Raman laser pulses coherently drove the condensate to oscillate between the momentum states |g, 0〉 and |g, 2ħk〉. Through absorption imaging after time-of-flight expansion, we directly observe periodic population oscillations between these two momentum states. A sinusoidal fit to the oscillation dynamics yields a Rabi frequency of 615(13) Hz and a coherence time of 4.1(2) ms. We further establish a linear relationship between the square of the measured Rabi frequency and the intensity of the Bragg lasers, confirming the system operates within the weak-driving regime described by the two-level Rabi model. Moreover, the dependence of the effective Rabi frequency and the oscillation amplitude on the two-photon detuning is quantitatively characterized. By eliminating interatomic interactions, we provide a clear experimental data free from mean-field shifts and complex many-body effects that are inherent in previously reported studies involving interacting gases. The 133Cs Bose-Einstein condensate provides a pure and tunable experimental platform for coherent manipulation of quantum states. Our experimental results also provide important experimental references for matter wave interference measurement and quantum simulation schemes based on the two-photon Bragg scattering process.

     

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