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中国物理学会期刊

基于等面积变换的微波吸收超材料可调谐机制研究

Research on the Tunable Mechanism of Microwave-Absorbing Metamaterials Based on Equal-Area Transformation

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  • 微波超材料的吸波性能调控往往受限于外部有源激励条件。为突破外部条件的局限性,本文设计了一种基于三角形等底等高则等面积变换的柔性超材料吸波体,对该吸波体施以水平拉伸力时可实现吸收峰的调谐功能。从图案层为直角三角形开始,随着拉伸长度的增加,吸收频率发生蓝移现象,吸收峰强度逐渐增强;当图案层变为等腰三角形时,超材料吸波体在5.636 GHz处的吸收率达到峰值99%,与实验测试结果基本一致。为探究基于等面积变换的微波超材料吸收频点可调控的物理机制,分别构建了由电磁场分布特征决定的谐振电路模型和由结构尺寸特征决定的等效电路模型。两类电路模型计算出的吸收频点均与全波电磁仿真软件计算出的吸收频点符合较好,表明等面积变换引起的电磁场分布重构与极化电荷积累效应是调控吸波性能的核心机制。本文结果可为微波吸收超材料的结构设计与可调谐机制研究提供参考与借鉴。

     

    To overcome the limitations imposed by externally active excitation conditions and to expand the feasibility and effectiveness of tuning the microwave absorption performance of metamaterials, this paper presents an innovative research work. Specifically, a flexible metamaterial absorber based on the geometric principle of equal-area transformation of triangles (i.e., triangles with equal base and height possess equal area) is designed and proposed. The proposed absorber features a unique physical structure and good flexibility. When a horizontal stretching strain is applied to the flexible dielectric substrate, the triangular copper film on it undergoes out-of-plane buckling or rigid-body tilting due to the Poisson effect and modulus mismatch, thereby altering the shape of the copper film unit and consequently tuning the resonant frequencies of the metamaterial absorber. Combined with finite element simulations, when the metal pattern is varied by stretching the flexible dielectric layer, as the stretching length increases and the pattern transforms from a right triangle to an isosceles triangle, the absorption peak shifts toward higher frequencies, and the absorption intensity gradually increases. When the pattern deforms into an isosceles triangle, the proposed absorber achieves a peak absorption rate of 99% at 5.636 GHz, which is in good agreement with experimental results. To deeply explore the physical mechanism underlying the tunable absorption peak frequency of the microwave metamaterial based on equal-area transformation, two targeted circuit models are constructed. The first one is a resonant circuit model, established based on the characteristics of the electromagnetic field distribution. For the microwave metamaterials, the electromagnetic field distribution plays a decisive role in determining the absorption performance. Different electromagnetic field distribution patterns lead to variations in the interaction between the metamaterial and incident microwaves, thereby affecting the absorption frequency. The second one is an equivalent circuit model, established mainly based on the structural dimensions. The structural dimensions of the microwave metamaterial are key factors influencing its electromagnetic response. Different structural dimensions induce distinct electromagnetic resonance modes within the metamaterial, thereby altering the absorption frequency. The absorption frequencies calculated by both circuit models are in good agreement with those obtained from full-wave electromagnetic simulations. This indicates that the reconstruction of electromagnetic field distribution and the polarization charge accumulation effect induced by equal-area transformation are the core mechanisms governing the tunable absorption performance. The results presented in this paper can provide guidance and reference for the structural design and tunability mechanism research of microwave absorbing metamaterials.

     

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