The liquid-phase diffusion coefficient and viscosity are important physical parameters for characterizing mass transfer and transport behavior in liquid systems, and both generally depend on solute concentration. Conventional methods usually require multiple experiments or contact-based measurements, making it difficult to continuously obtain concentration-dependent transport parameters over a wide concentration range. In this work, a non-contact and visual optical method is proposed for determining concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients and associated viscosity results over a wide concentration range. A liquid-core cylindrical lens was used simultaneously as a diffusion cell and an imaging element. By analyzing the transient diffusion images of a binary solution, the relationship among image width, refractive index, and concentration was established, and the spatial and temporal concentration profiles were obtained from the same continuous diffusion process. On this basis, the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient was expressed as a polynomial, D(C)=D₀(1+αC+βC²+γC³), where D₀is the diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution and α, β, and γ are undetermined coefficients. The finite difference method was applied to numerically solve Fick’s diffusion equation, and the calculated concentration profiles were compared with the experimental profiles. The coefficients corresponding to the minimum concentration deviation were selected to determine D(C). Under the approximate applicability of the Stokes-Einstein relation, the concentration-dependent associated viscosity η(C) was further calculated from the obtained D(C). Experiments were carried out for the glycine-water system over a concentration range of 0~3.0 mol/L at 298.15 K and 303.15 K. At 298.15 K, the measured diffusion coefficient was D(C)=1.071×10^-5(1-0.083C+0.010C²)cm²×s^-1, and the associated viscosity increased from 0.8870 mPa×s to 1.0547 mPa×s with increasing concentration. At 303.15 K, the measured diffusion coefficient was D(C)=1.167x10^-5(1-0.068C+0.006C²)cm²×s^-1. The obtained diffusion coefficients and associated viscosity results are in close agreement with reported values. Furthermore, the measured D(C) was used to calculate the spatial and temporal refractive-index profiles, based on which ray-tracing simulations were performed to reproduce the dynamic diffusion images. The simulated images closely match the experimental images in terms of the sharp imaging position, overall contour, and image-width profiles along the diffusion direction, further demonstrating the reliability of the proposed method. The results indicate that this method provides an efficient and visual approach for characterizing concentration-dependent transport parameters of liquid systems with high accuracy and stability.