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中国物理学会期刊

线极化激励的双圆极化宽角度双波束扫描透射阵天线

Dual-Circularly Polarized Wide-Angle Dual-Beam Scanning Transmitarray Antenna Excited by Linear Polarization

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  • 针对现有波束扫描天线扫描角度窄和受限于线极化模式的问题,本文提出一种线极化馈源激励的双圆极化宽角度双波束扫描透射阵天线。该天线采用蜂巢结构排布的正六边形旋向解耦单元,在线极化波激励下可独立调控左旋圆极化(LCP)、右旋圆极化波(RCP)的相位,在单一口径内独立实现正交圆极化波束偏折,并通过改变馈源位置实现双波束扫描。为满足不同位置馈源激发下的波束偏折需求,本文提出基于坐标上升法的相位补偿策略,构建了完整的透射阵天线设计流程。实测结果表明所提出的天线在20 GHz附近实现了−55°~0°范围内的LCP波束扫描,而在0°~55°范围内完成RCP波束扫描,整体波束扫描范围达到了−55°~55°,扫描损耗不超过3.2 dB,最大增益为20.3 dBic,旁瓣电平低于−11.5 dB,峰值口径效率为37%。该设计在单线极化馈电条件下实现了双圆极化波束的解耦与宽角度扫描,可为卫星通信、目标跟踪以及对极化鲁棒性要求较高的无线链路提供一种低剖面、低复杂度的宽角度波束扫描方案。

     

    To overcome the limited scan range of existing beam-scanning antennas and the dependence of circularly polarized scanning schemes on circularly polarized feeds, a dual-circularly polarized wide-angle dual-beam scanning transmitarray antenna excited by linear polarization is proposed. The transmitarray is constructed from spin-decoupled regular-hexagonal receiver-transmitter unit cells arranged in a honeycomb lattice. This lattice supports denser element packing than a conventional square lattice and helps maintain good angular stability under oblique incidence. Under linearly polarized excitation, the unit cells independently tailor the phases of the left- and right-handed circularly polarized (LCP and RCP) transmitted waves, allowing two orthogonal circularly polarized beams to be generated and steered independently within a single aperture. Beam scanning is realized by changing the feed position, and a coordinate-ascent-based phase compensation strategy is further developed to jointly synthesize the phase distributions required for different feed positions, yielding a complete transmitarray design procedure. The LCP and RCP target phases are then mapped to the initial phase and the rotation angle of each unit cell, enabling decoupled control of the two circularly polarized beams. Simulated and measured results show that, around 20 GHz, the proposed antenna achieves LCP beam scanning from -55° to 0° and RCP beam scanning from 0° to 55°, corresponding to an overall scanning range of 110°. Within this range, the measured scan loss is below 3.2 dB, the maximum realized gain reaches 20.3 dBic, the sidelobe levels remain below -11.5 dB, and the peak aperture efficiency is 37%. In addition, for all feed excitations, the axial ratios of both beams in their main-beam directions remain below 3 dB from 19 to 21 GHz, confirming good circular-polarization purity throughout the scanning process. The proposed design provides a low-profile and low-complexity solution for wide-angle dual-circularly polarized beam scanning and is promising for satellite communications, target tracking, and polarization-robust wireless links.

     

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