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中国物理学会期刊

基于不变量绝热捷径的171Yb中性原子基态–里德堡态Bell型纠缠态快速制备

Fast Preparation of Bell-Type Entangled States Between the Ground and Rydberg States of Neutral 171Yb Atoms Based on Shortcut to Adiabaticity via Invariants

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  • 本文针对 ^171 \mathrmYb 中性原子里德堡阻塞体系中的快速纠缠态制备问题,提出一种基于Lewis-Riesenfeld不变量逆向工程的绝热捷径方案,用于实现基态-里德堡态对称单激发 Bell 型纠缠态的快速高保真制备。在大失谐绝热消除与强里德堡阻塞近似下,将原始双原子三能级系统约化为有效两能级模型,并据此在共振驱动条件下构造解析控制脉冲。数值结果表明,在总演化时间 T=1 \mu \mathrm~s 里德堡相互作用强度 V=2 \pi \times 120 \mathrmMHz 条件下,系统可实现从初态到基态-里德堡态对称单激发 Bell 型纠缠态的快速转移,末态保真度超过 0.999 ,所需峰值单原子有效两光子 Rabi频率仅约为 2 \pi \times 0.66 \mathrmMHz 。进一步在完整双原子三能级模型中验证发现,无耗散时末态保真度可达 0.9999 以上,考虑中间态自发辐射和里德堡态衰减后仍保持在 97 \% 以上。与传统绝热方案相比,该方案可在更短时间内完成目标态制备,并对驱动误差、失谐偏差、多普勒效应、激光线宽及相互作用波动表现出较好的鲁棒性。结果表明,该方案在 ^171 里德堡中性原子平台上具有一定实验可行性,并可为后续纠缠资源态向长寿命逻辑编码子空间的映射提供参考。

     

    Fast and high-fidelity entangled-state preparation in neutral-atom Rydberg systems is of central importance for quantum information processing, yet conventional adiabatic protocols generally rely on long evolution times and are therefore susceptible to decoherence and control imperfections. In this work, we propose a shortcut-to-adiabaticity protocol based on Lewis—Riesenfeld invariant inverse engineering for the rapid preparation of a symmetric singly excited Bell-type state in a two-atom ^171Yb Rydberg-blockade system. The target state is the ground—Rydberg entangled state |B\rangle=(|g r\rangle+|r g\rangle) / \sqrt2, which is generated from the initial state |gg\rangle.
    Starting from the original two-atom three-level ladder system, we first perform adiabatic elimination of the intermediate state under the large single-photon detuning condition and further reduce the dynamics to an effective two-level model in the symmetric subspace spanned by |G\rangle=|gg\rangle and |B\rangle. In the strong Rydberg blockade regime, the doubly excited state |rr\rangle is far off resonance and contributes only as a higher-order leakage channel. On this basis, an analytical control pulse is derived by reverse engineering the Lewis—Riesenfeld invariant. By choosing a constant auxiliary phase \beta=-\pi/2, the general invariant-based control relations are simplified to a resonant shortcut protocol with vanishing effective detuning. A quintic polynomial ansatz for the auxiliary angle \theta(t) is then adopted to satisfy the boundary conditions \theta(0)=0 and \theta(T)=\pi, yielding a smooth single-peaked pulse with zero initial and final amplitudes, which is favorable for experimental implementation.
    Numerical simulations show that, for a total operation time of T=1~\mu\mathrms and a Rydberg interaction strength of V=2\pi\times120~\mathrmMHz, the effective two-level model yields a final fidelity above 0.999 for the target Bell state. The required peak effective two-photon Rabi frequency is only about 2\pi\times0.66~\mathrmMHz, indicating that the protocol can be implemented with relatively weak driving fields. To further assess the validity of the reduced model, we verify the protocol in the full two-atom three-level system. In the absence of dissipation, the final-state fidelity exceeds 0.9999, confirming the accuracy of the effective-model description. When the spontaneous decay of the intermediate state and the finite lifetime of the Rydberg state are included through a Lindblad master equation, the fidelity remains above 97%, demonstrating that the protocol retains good performance in the open-system setting. During the entire evolution, the intermediate-state population stays at the 10^-3 level and the doubly excited Rydberg-state population remains at the 10^-5 level, which validates both the adiabatic elimination and the strong-blockade approximation.
    For a fair comparison with a conventional adiabatic protocol under the same peak-driving constraint, we find that the traditional adiabatic scheme requires a much longer evolution time of about 8.79~\mu\mathrms to reach a fidelity of 0.99 in the ideal closed-system case, whereas the present shortcut protocol completes the state preparation within 1~\mu\mathrms. Owing to the shorter operation time, the proposed scheme significantly suppresses dissipation-induced loss and outperforms the adiabatic protocol in open-system dynamics. In addition, robustness analyses show that the protocol is tolerant to experimentally relevant imperfections, including driving-amplitude errors, detuning offsets, interaction-strength fluctuations, Doppler shifts, laser-linewidth broadening, atom—laser coupling asymmetry, and weak time-dependent modulation of the Rydberg interaction.
    These results demonstrate that the proposed Lewis—Riesenfeld invariant-based shortcut protocol provides a fast, robust, and experimentally feasible route for Bell-state preparation in ^171Yb Rydberg neutral atoms. The generated ground—Rydberg entangled state can further serve as a useful resource for subsequent state mapping into long-lived logical qubit subspaces and for scalable quantum-information processing.

     

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