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中国物理学会期刊

深度学习辅助下的蜂窝涂覆目标RCS高效预测方法

An Effcient Deep Learning-Assisted Workflow for RCS Prediction of Coated Honeycomb Structures

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  • 在隐身应用背景下,准确预测蜂窝涂覆目标的雷达散射截面对于满足相关工程应用的严格性能要求具有重要意义。针对宽带下蜂窝涂覆目标雷达散射截面预测中计算效率低、传统等效方法精度不足的问题,本文提出一种基于深度学习辅助的高效预测框架。该框架以结构几何参数与材料参数为输入,通过电磁建模与散射求解实现雷达散射截面的快速预测。区别于常规的端到端神经网络模型,本文构建了由双数据集驱动的BiGT-Net (BiGRU-Transformer)级联架构。该机制将等效过程分为两阶段:以宽频反射系数(S11)为物理桥梁,先利用BiGRU提取蜂窝结构的频率特征,再结合Transformer捕获谐振特性,从而突破传统均匀化方法的限制,高精度地反演出宽频等效电磁参数,随后再根据精度要求选择对应的RCS求解器。该框架可根据具体应用需求灵活选择散射求解器,从而兼顾计算精度与效率。值得注意的是,低占空比下蜂窝涂覆材料因其吸波涂覆层薄、材质更为轻盈,在先进隐身装备中具有极高的应用价值与研究意义,本文以X波段为例开展了实验验证。对比结果表明,在保持相同仿真精度和硬件环境下与传统等效方法相比,本文方法不仅成功克服了方法前人方法在低占空比场景下精度锐减的困难,显著提升了整体预测精度,还大幅优化了计算资源消耗,其计算效率提升了约18倍,且内存占用降低了约8倍。所提出的方法为蜂窝涂覆目标雷达散射截面的快速分析与工程设计提供了一种高效且可扩展的技术途径。

     

    Aiming at the core challenges in radar cross section (RCS) prediction of broadband honeycombcoated targets, including insuffcient accuracy of traditional equivalent algorithms, degraded prediction performance under low duty cycle conditions, high computational costs of electromagnetic simulation, and the absence of a systematic prediction framework, this paper proposes an effcient deep learning-assisted RCS prediction framework for honeycomb-coated targets. The framework focuses on the structured network design and staged physical mapping mechanism to achieve a favorable trade-off between prediction accuracy and computational effciency. The primary innovation of this work lies in the construction of a dual-dataset-driven BiGRU-Transformer (BiGT-Net) cascade neural network. In the first stage, the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) is adopted to extract temporal sequence features, which fully explores the broadband electromagnetic frequency response characteristics of honeycomb structures in the X-band and establishes accurate forward mapping between structural/material parameters and electromagnetic responses. In the second stage, the multi-head attention mechanism of Transformer is introduced to precisely capture the electromagnetic resonance and aperture sensitivity characteristics of honeycomb structures. This method effectively compensates for the defects of conventional inversion theories (including the NRW inversion method, Bruggeman theory, Hashin-Shtrikman variational theory, and strong perturbation theory) that ignore aperture electromagnetic response differences, and resolves the accuracy degradation problem of equivalent electromagnetic parameter inversion for low-duty-cycle honeycomb structures faced by existing deep learning methods. Furthermore, the proposed framework exhibits superior flexible adaptability, which can dynamically match diverse RCS solvers according to practical engineering accuracy requirements. To fully validate the versatility and superiority of the proposed method, comparative RCS prediction experiments are conducted on two typical honeycomb-coated targets (flat plate and dihedral angle) in the X-band, a widely adopted frequency band for stealth technology research. Traditional Hashin-Shtrikman (HS) equivalent method, convolutional neural network (CNN), and state-of-the-art deep learning models are employed for quantitative comparison. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the lowest average absolute prediction error for both flat plate and dihedral angle models across all comparison algorithms in the X-band broadband range. It significantly reduces prediction errors and effectively suppresses prediction deviations under low duty cycle conditions, delivering superior adaptability and generalization performance for both simple and complex curved honeycomb-coated targets. Unified hardware-based simulation validation shows that the predicted results are highly consistent with high-precision full-wave simulation data. Meanwhile, compared with traditional equivalent methods, the proposed framework improves computational effciency by approximately 18 times and reduces memory occupancy by 8 times, substantially lowering the computational overhead and time cost of multi-scale electromagnetic simulation. This work provides a reliable and extensible technical solution for the rapid electromagnetic characteristic analysis, parameter optimization, and engineering application of honeycomb-coated stealth structures.

     

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