This paper proposes a cascaded dual-parameter silver-based no-core fiber (NCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for simultaneous and independent detection of liquid refractive index (RI) and temperature. The sensor uses two segments of NCF as the sensing substrate and constructs two independent sensing channels in series, forming an integrated dual-parameter detection structure. Specifically, an Ag/ZnO composite film is deposited on one NCF segment for RI detection, while an Ag/MoS₂/PDMS composite film is deposited on the other for temperature detection. The working principle is based on the SPR effect excited by the Ag film on the NCF surface. In the Ag/ZnO composite film, the ZnO thin film not only regulates the shape of the SPR resonance peak, significantly improves the sensor’s response sensitivity to RI changes but also acts as a protective barrier to effectively inhibit the oxidation of the Ag film. In the Ag/MoS₂/PDMS composite film, MoS₂ and PDMS synergistically regulate the position of the SPR resonance peak, red-shift the temperature-sensitive band to the near-infrared region, and provide good anti-oxidation protection for the Ag film, thereby extending the sensor's service life. In addition, the sensor ensures the independent operation of the two detection channels through a staggered SPR resonance design, avoiding channel crosstalk. With the RI range of 1.333—1.383, the average RI sensitivity of the sensor reaches 2888.255 nm/RIU; in the temperature range of 0—100 ℃, the average temperature sensitivity is -2.2781 nm/℃. In summary, the sensor offers significant advantages such as long service life, no channel crosstalk, high sensitivity, and stable performance, offering a new concept and technical basis for multi-parameter, high-performance SPR sensors.