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中国物理学会期刊

轨道矩磁性存储器:从物理机制到器件应用

Orbital Torque Magnetic Memory: From Physical Mechanisms to Device Applications

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  • 后摩尔时代,传统器件功耗瓶颈的日益凸显与人工智能算力需求的急剧增长,对存储与逻辑芯片的性能提出了前所未有的挑战. 开发新型存储与逻辑器件,已成为应对上述难题的研究热点. 轨道电子学聚焦于电子轨道角动量的产生、输运与调控,为突破传统自旋电子学器件的技术瓶颈、实现高性能磁性存储与逻辑器件开辟了新路径. 本文综述了轨道霍尔效应及相关器件在物理机制、效率调控及器件应用方面的研究进展. 首先,介绍了弱自旋轨道耦合材料中轨道霍尔效应与轨道Rashba-Edelstein效应的微观机制,探讨了实现高效电荷流-轨道流转换效率的物理机制. 进而,阐述了轨道矩的产生机制,系统梳理了轨道矩效率的表征方法及调控策略. 在此基础上,综述了轨道矩驱动下垂直磁各向异性铁磁材料磁化翻转的研究进展. 进一步面向器件应用,论述了轨道矩驱动的磁隧道结在写入功耗与翻转速度方面的性能突破. 最后,总结了轨道电子学领域的重要研究进展,并对当前存在的问题与挑战进行了分析与展望。

     

    In the post-Moore era, the increasingly prominent bottleneck of power consumption in conventional devices, together with the rapidly growing demand for computing power from artificial intelligence, poses unprecedented challenges to the performance of memory and logic chips. Consequently, the development of novel memory and logic devices has become a research hotspot to address these issues. Orbitronics, which focuses on the generation, transport, and manipulation of electronic orbital angular momentum, opens a new pathway to overcome the technical bottlenecks of conventional spintronic devices and realize high-performance magnetic memory and logic devices. This review summarizes the research progress on the orbital Hall effect and related devices in terms of physical mechanisms, torque efficiency manipulation, and device applications. First, the microscopic mechanisms of the orbital Hall effect and orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect in materials with weak spin-orbit coupling are introduced, and the physical mechanisms for achieving efficient charge-to-orbital current conversion are discussed. Then, the generation mechanisms of orbital torque are elucidated, followed by a systematic overview of characterization methods and modulation strategies for orbital torque efficiency. On this basis, the research progress on orbital torque-driven magnetization switching of perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic materials is reviewed. Further focusing on device applications, the performance breakthroughs achieved by orbital torque-driven magnetic tunnel junctions in terms of write power consumption and switching speed are discussed. Finally, key advances in the field of orbitronics are summarized, and an analysis and outlook on current challenges and open issues are provided.

     

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