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中国物理学会期刊

悬空透明二维热整流器件的热反射温度场测量方法

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.75.20260538

A thermoreflectance temperature imaging method for suspended transparent 2D thermal rectifiers

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.75.20260538
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  • 高效热管理是提升电子器件性能与可靠性的关键, 热整流器件因可主动调控热流方向而备受关注, 其中二维材料展现出独特优势. 现有实验多采用悬空电极法, 仅能测量空间平均的热整流比; 反射热成像技术虽可实现高分辨率的温度场测量以揭示局域热输运行为, 但在透明二维样品中, 热反射信号受到下方衬底反射光干扰, 致使样品的本征温度场无法提取. 针对上述问题, 本文提出一种改进的热反射温度场测量方法, 其核心是通过双电极加热实现样品的独立温度控制以进行信号标定, 进而解耦透明样品与衬底的混合热反射信号, 获取样品的本征温度场. 以三角形WSe2/PMMA复合样品为例, 测量获得正向与反向热流条件下的二维温度分布, 并与纯PMMA悬空样品进行对比分析. 结果表明, 该器件的热整流效应主要源于形状不对称性与材料热导率温度依赖性的协同作用. 其中, 几何不对称提供了热流调控的结构基础, 而WSe2热导率的温度依赖特性进一步放大了正反向热流条件下的等效热导率差异. 该方法为悬空透明二维材料的热输运机理研究提供了有效的实验表征手段, 并为热整流器件的结构设计与性能优化奠定了重要方法基础.

     

    Thermal rectifiers, which actively control heat flow direction analogous to electronic diodes, hold great promise for next-generation thermal management technologies. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted interest due to their compatibility with modern electronics (e.g., electrical properties and structural flexibility). Most characterization experiments employ the H-type method with suspended electrodes as heaters and resistance thermometers to measure the thermal rectification ratio (TR), yielding only spatially averaged values and obscuring local heat transport. Resolving the temperature distribution is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Although thermoreflectance imaging directly measures temperature distributions, its application to suspended transparent 2D samples suffers from signal coupling between the transparent 2D material and the underlying substrate. To address this, this work proposes an adapted thermoreflectance imaging method specifically designed for temperature mapping of suspended transparent 2D materials. The key innovation lies in decoupling the mixed reflectance signals of the sample from substrate by independently controlling sample’s temperature rises via electrode heating. Specifically, uniform heating of the sample using both electrodes provides a reference calibration signal. The ratio of this reference signal to the signal acquired under desired heat flow conditions enables reconstruction of the intrinsic temperature distribution of the suspended 2D sample. Using this method, the 2D temperature distributions of a triangular single-layer WSe2 on PMMA hybrid sample are measured under both forward and backward heat flow conditions. The obtained TR of the WSe2/PMMA sample is 8.90%, whereas a control sample consisting of only PMMA exhibits a TR of only about 0.59% under the same geometrical asymmetry. Comparative analysis reveals that the observed thermal rectification effect primarily arises from the synergistic action of shape asymmetry and the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of WSe2. The geometrical asymmetry provides the structural basis, while the decrease of WSe2 thermal conductivity with increasing temperature further amplifies the difference in effective thermal conductivity between the forward and backward heat flow directions. This adapted thermoreflectance imaging method offers an effective experimental tool for investigating heat transport mechanisms in suspended transparent 2D materials and lays a methodological foundation for optimizing thermal rectifier devices.

     

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