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中国物理学会期刊

低数值孔径阶跃折射率超大模场光纤的弯曲特性研究

Study on the bending characteristics of low-numerical-aperture step-index ultra-large-mode-area fibers

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  • 低数值孔径(numerical aperture,NA)超大模场光纤因其在高功率光纤激光领域的重要应用而备受关注。通过针对低 NA(不大于 0.04 )阶跃折射率超大模场光纤的弯曲特性开展数值研究,分析模式损耗和基模有效模场面积随光纤弯曲半径的变化规律,揭示不同参数光纤的弯曲控模适用性和基模有效模场面积的提升潜力。研究表明:对于波长为 1060 nm的光场,在保证基模( L P_01 模)低损传输(弯曲损耗不大于 0.1 \mathrm~dB / \mathrmm )的前提下,对于 NA 为 0.04 和 0.03 的光纤,纤芯直径分别不大于 30 \mu \mathrm~m 和 35 \mu \mathrm~m 时,可通过弯曲的方式抑制 L P_11 o 模(弯曲损耗不小于 10 \mathrm~dB / \mathrmm ),基模有效模场面积分别可达到 561 \mu \mathrm~m^2 和 873 \mu \mathrm~m^2 ;而当纤芯直径不大于 50 \mu \mathrm~m 时,则可通过弯曲的方式抑制 L P_11 e 模,基模有效模场面积分别约为 778 \mu \mathrm~m^2 和 1176 \mu \mathrm~m^2 。若将NA进一步降低至 0.02 ,会导致模式弯曲损耗的大幅增加,进而使得弯曲控模的方法难以适用,此时采用直光纤的单模设计,更能够有效发挥 NA 降低对于基模有效模场面积的提升效果。相关研究对于低 NA 超大模场光纤的设计及其应用具有重要的指导意义。

     

    Low-numerical-aperture (NA) step-index ultra-large-mode-area fibers are of considerable interest for high-power fiber lasers because lowering NA enlarges the effective area of the fundamental mode and suppresses nonlinear effects. However, it also increases bending sensitivity and thus limits the applicability of bend-induced mode control. In this work, a systematic numerical investigation is carried out on step-index fibers with low NA values of 0.04,0.03, and 0.02. The bending losses of L P_01 and L P_11 modes for different core diameters are calculated by using the finiteelement method combined with the equivalent refractive-index model, and the variation of the effective area of the fundamental mode is analyzed. The results show that, corresponding to the wavelength of 1060 nm, for fibers with NA of 0.04 and 0.03, bend-induced mode control is feasible within appropriate core-diameter ranges. For core diameters no larger than 30 \mu \mathrm~m and 35 \mu \mathrm~m, respectively, L P_11 mode can be effectively suppressed with a bending loss of not less than 10 \mathrm~dB / \mathrmm, while the effective area can reach 561 \mu \mathrm~m^2 and 873 \mu \mathrm~m^2 respectively. When the core diameter is up to 50 \mu \mathrm~m, only L P_11 \mathrme mode can be suppressed by bending, and the corresponding effective area is approximately 778 \mu \mathrm~m^2 and 1176 \mu \mathrm~m^2 respectively. Further reducing NA to 0.02 enlarges the effective area, but the sharply increased bending losses make bend-induced mode control impractical. In this case, straight-fiber single-mode design is more suitable for exploiting the mode-area advantage brought by low NA. These results reveal the trade-off between mode-area scaling and bending sensitivity, and can provide theoretical guidance for the design of low-NA large-mode-area doped fibers.

     

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