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中国物理学会期刊

随机驱动Kerr谐振子的非平衡能量与光子输运

Nonequilibrium energy and photon transport in a stochastically driven Kerr resonator

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  • 非平衡量子输运是量子热力学与非平衡物理的交叉领域核心课题之一,其中非线性光学腔中能量与光子流的调控对量子器件设计具有重要意义.本文研究随机场驱动下Kerr非线性谐振子的非平衡输运性质.通过在Kerr非线性项中引入随机涨落,建立随机驱动Kerr谐振子模型,并在弱系统-环境耦合条件下推导随机平均后的量子主方程.基于Matsubara频率展开方法,将非相干跃迁速率中的积分项分解为真空项,高温项和量子项,从而解析阐明非平衡交互的物理过程并提高计算效率.非线性驱动因为能量输入过程引入跃迁通道的依赖性,与线性驱动相比在强驱动区域更有利于能量输运.研究表明,驱动输入能流随热库温差和驱动强度增大而增强,而Kerr非线性会抑制能量注入.进一步分析发现,光子流由于随机驱动增强受到抑制,Kerr谐振子的有效温度升高形成温度壁垒,阻碍了光子流的定向输运.但在强随机驱动和强Kerr非线性下,高激发态的有效参与可以增强光子流.本文结果可为随机驱动量子输运调控和量子器件设计提供理论参考.

     

    Nonequilibrium quantum transport in quantum optical systems has attracted increasing attention in quantum thermodynamics and nonequilibrium physics. In particular, the regulation of energy flow in Kerr nonlinear cavities plays an important role in the design and optimization of quantum thermal devices. Recently, stochastic driving has been recognized as an effective mechanism for inducing nonequilibrium energy exchange and enhancing transport performance in open quantum systems. To explore the influence of nonlinear field fluctuations on quantum transport, we investigate the nonequilibrium transport properties of a Kerr nonlinear resonator under stochastic driving, with particular attention to both energy and photon currents. In this model, stochastic driving is introduced into the Kerr nonlinear interaction term. Meanwhile, the resonator is coupled to two bosonic thermal reservoirs. Under the weak system-reservoir coupling condition, the stochastic-averaged quantum master equation is derived to describe the dissipative dynamics and steady-state transport behavior of the system. The incoherent transition rates reveal the inelastic scattering processes associated with energy exchange among the system, thermal reservoirs, and stochastic driving channel. Based on the Matsubara frequency expansion method, the integral terms in the transition rates are decomposed into the vacuum term, the high-temperature term, and the quantum correction term. In the weak stochastic-driving limit, an approximate expansion demonstrates the linear dependence of the input energy current on the nonlinear driving strength. Compared with linear driving, nonlinear driving introduces transition-channel-dependent energy injection processes, which become more favorable for energy transport in the strong-driving regime. Our results show that the stochastic input energy current increases with both the temperature bias and the stochastic driving strength, while stronger Kerr nonlinearity suppresses the input current. The average photon number exhibits similar behavior, indicating that both the temperature bias and nonlinear driving effectively increase the resonator’ s effective temperature and induce stochastic energy injection. Further analysis reveals that the photon current is suppressed as the stochastic driving strength increases because the elevated effective temperature inside the Kerr resonator forms a thermal barrier that hinders directional photon transport. However, in the strong stochastic-driving regime, increasing the Kerr nonlinearity can instead enhance the photon current. Moreover, the studied model in this article may be realized based on the circuit quantum electrodynamics setup. This may provide a possible route to design the practical quantum system. We hope that these results can deepen the understanding of stochastic-driven quantum transport in stochastic quantum systems and provide theoretical insights for the design and optimization of quantum thermal devices.

     

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