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中国物理学会期刊

考虑部分渗透的磁-电-热弹性体倾斜裂纹的断裂力学分析

Magnetoelectrothermoelastic body considering partial permeability fracture mechanics analysis of inclined cracks

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  • 磁-电-热弹性(METE)材料作为一种具有力、电、磁、热多场耦合特性的新型智能材料,在传感器、制动器及微机电系统等领域具有重要应用。材料内部存在的裂纹等缺陷在多场载荷下易引发应力集中,导致器件失效。本文基于Muskhelishvili复势理论,构建了含倾斜角度的唇形延伸裂纹模型。利用保角变换技术将裂纹外部区域映射为单位圆外部,并结合Stroh型公式,导出了裂纹尖端处场强度因子和能量释放率的解析表达式。通过数值计算,分析了裂纹几何尺寸(裂纹长度、唇口高度、倾斜角度)、METE耦合参数及边界渗透条件(电渗透、磁渗透、热渗透)对场强度因子和能量释放率的影响规律。结果表明:裂纹倾斜角度的增大会抑制裂纹扩展;电渗透、磁渗透及热渗透系数的增加均导致能量释放率显著降低,其中热渗透系数的影响最为明显,磁渗透系数的影响最弱。当唇口高度和倾斜角均为零时,模型退化为经典的Griffith裂纹解,验证了本文方法的正确性。研究结果为METE材料的断裂评估与器件设计提供了理论依据。

     

    Magneto-electro-thermoelastic (METE) materials are novel intelligent materials of significant research value. However, they are highly susceptible to stress concentration and subsequent fracture failure under complex multi-field coupling service conditions, and relevant fracture investigations on such materials remain limited to date. Based on the Muskhelishvili complex variable theory, this paper establishes and solves a fracture mechanical model for an inclined lip-shaped crack in METE media. A novel conformal mapping model is constructed by adopting translation, rotation, and reflection transformation techniques, which accurately maps the exterior domain of the lip-shaped crack to the exterior of a unit circle. Combined with the Stroh formalism, explicit analytical solutions for the dimensionless field intensity factors and energy release rate at the crack tip are derived. A series of numerical examples are performed to systematically explore the effects of crack geometric dimensions, as well as electric, magnetic, and thermal permeable boundary conditions, on fracture parameters.
    The results indicate that mechanical loads and heat flux serve as the primary driving forces for crack propagation, while improving the electric, magnetic, and thermal permeability of crack surfaces can effectively restrain crack growth. Increasing the crack inclination angle significantly weakens the tendency for crack propagation. Among the three permeability parameters, the thermal permeability coefficient exhibits the most prominent regulatory effect, whereas the magnetic permeability coefficient has the weakest influence. Notably, the external magnetic field cannot drive crack propagation directly; instead, it modulates the electric field distribution through the magnetoelectric coupling effect, thereby indirectly regulating the system's fracture energy level. As the crack inclination angle increases from 0° to 90°, the field intensity factors at the crack tip decrease monotonically and gradually approach zero. The multi-field coupling fracture driving effect reaches its maximum when the crack is perpendicular to the loading direction. Conversely, when the inclination angle approaches 90°, the "geometric shielding" effect induced by multi-field coupling almost completely blocks the driving effect of the mechanical loads, providing novel physical insights for fracture suppression through crack orientation tuning. Furthermore, enhancing the electric and magnetic permeability of crack surfaces effectively weakens the field singularity at the crack tip and retards crack propagation, while improving thermal conductivity relieves thermal stress concentration and reduces the risk of structural fracture. The proposed model can be reduced to the classical Griffith crack solution under specific boundary conditions, verifying its accuracy and reliability. This study provides a robust theoretical basis and numerical reference for the anti-fracture optimization design of METE intelligent structures.

     

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