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中国物理学会期刊

基于复合谐振结构的四极化通道涡旋波束调控超表面

Quad-Polarization Vortex Beam Manipulation Metasurface Based on a Composite Resonant Structure

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  • 针对多极化、多通道协同波束操控的实际应用需求,本文提出一种反射型超表面结构,能实现四极化通道的独立波前调控。超表面单元整体由顶层复合金属谐振单元、中间介质基板与底部金属反射背板构成。顶层谐振器由较大的双开口谐振环与内部集成的“十”字形椭圆金属贴片组成,两类结构可分别在6 GHz与14.5 GHz处激发独立的电磁谐振。结合几何相位与传输相位调控机制,在6GHz可完成左旋圆极化(Left-hand circularly polarized wave,LCP)、右旋圆极化(Right-hand circularly polarized wave,RCP)反射相位的相位解耦;利用传输相位原理,在14.5 GHz能够对x-线极化(x-LP)、y-线极化(y-LP)分量实现相位独立调控。为了验证超表面的多通道操控能力,在四个独立通道上分别生成了四束不同的涡旋波,并结合全波仿真与实物实验开展对比测试。结果表明,该超表面各极化通道的隔离度良好,产生的涡旋波束相位分布规整、幅度轮廓清晰,实测的反射增益与理论设计规律吻合。该研究可为多极化协同、多通道并行的电磁波束灵活调控提供可行的设计思路。

     

    The growing demand for high-capacity communications and multifunctional electromagnetic systems requires components capable of independently manipulating multiple frequency bands and polarization states within a shared aperture. This work addresses the challenge of achieving fully decoupled, multi-channel wavefront control on a single metasurface platform. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a reflective metasurface with a composite “nested” resonator architecture for quad-polarization, dual-band operation. The meta-atom comprises an outer double-split ring resonator and an inner cross-shaped orthogonal ellipticalpatch. These two substructures excite independent resonances at 6 GHz and 14.5 GHz, respectively, with electric-field distributions confirming physical isolation between the two frequency bands. At 6 GHz, the outer ring dominates, where geometric and propagation phase mechanisms are synergistically combined to achieve complete spin-decoupled control of left-hand circularly polarized (LCP) and right-hand circularly polarized (RCP) waves, enabling independent 2-bit phase encoding for each spin channel. At 14.5 GHz, the inner patch governs the response, utilizing the propagation phase principle to deliver independent 2-bit phase modulation for X-linear polarization (XLP) and Y-linear polarization (YLP) waves with high polarization isolation. Full-wave analysis confirms physical decoupling of the resonant modes, establishing four non-interfering manipulation channels. A 21×21 array prototype was fabricated and tested to simultaneously generate four distinct vortex beams, each carrying a unique orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode (topological charges of +1, +2, +3, and +4) and directed to a different predefined angle. Far-field measurements in an anechoic chamber show excellent agreement with simulations. The generated beams exhibit the characteristic “doughnut” amplitude profile and well-defined helical phase fronts, with measured beam-pointing angles precisely matching theoretical predictions. The measured mode purities reach 0.74, 0.72, 0.78, and 0.75 for the four channels, respectively. The measured beam-null angles are -15° and +15° at 14.5 GHz, and -18° and +18° at 6 GHz, matching the theoretical designs. Inter-channel crosstalk is verified to be extremely low. This study provides a compact methodology for fully independent, multi-polarization, multiband wavefront engineering. The demonstrated capability to generate multiple high-quality OAM beams from a single shared-aperture device represents a significant advancement for mode-division multiplexing communications, multi-channel radar, and integrated electromagnetic systems.

     

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