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中国物理学会期刊

低能氘氚聚变反应截面实验测量及数据评价综述

Low Energy Deuteron-Triton Fusion Cross Sections: A Review of Experiments and Data Evaluations

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  • 本文对Ed<300 keV能区内开展过的氘氚聚变反应截面测量实验及相关的数据评价工作进行了综述。按照厚固体靶、薄固体靶和气体靶三条技术路线,分类剖析了历史实验及获得的实验数据。分析发现,厚固体靶实验的技术缺陷明显,数据质量较差。薄固体靶和有窗气体靶难以用于20~30 keV以下能区的实验。有窗气体靶实验的数据需要进行修正以改善数据质量。1960年以前,由于量热器技术尚不成熟,无窗气体靶实验的数据质量大多不佳。到目前为止,20 keV以下能区仅有五组实验数据,一组数据来自重水厚冰靶实验,两组数据来自超薄固体靶实验,两组数据来自无窗气体靶实验。这五组数据中,无窗气体靶实验数据质量最高,重水厚冰靶和超薄固体靶数据存在系统性偏差。本文也汇总了关于氘氚聚变反应截面的数据评价类工作。1990年以后,欧美的聚变反应数据评价成果先后被收录至ENDF(Evaluated Nuclear Data File)、JEFF(Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion File)等大型评价核数据库中,实现了数据的系统化管理与共享。文中还分析和比较了多种氘氚聚变反应截面参数化公式。在6~350 keV能区内,Gaganov公式精度最高,但在1~1000 keV能区内,基于R矩阵方法的Bosch-Hale公式最大偏离3.7%,总体表现最优。本文数据集可在科学数据银行https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.41598中访问获取(审稿阶段请通过私有访问链接查看https://www.scidb.cn/s/rUveEn)。

     

    This paper presents a comprehensive review of both experimental measurements and nuclear data evaluations for the deuteron-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction cross sections at incident deuteron energies below 300 keV. The historical experiments are classified according to three target technologies: thick solid targets, thin solid targets, and gas targets. Our critical analysis reveals that early experiments using thick solid targets suffered from substantial technical flaws, resulting in data of poor reliability. For energies below 20~30 keV, experiments based on thin solid targets or foil-contained gas targets encounter severe operational difficulties, and data from the latter require significant correction to improve their quality. Furthermore, owing to the immature calorimetric techniques before 1960, most data from windowless gas-target experiments are of relatively low quality. In the sub-20 keV region, only five experimental datasets have been reported to date: one using a heavy-ice target, two using ultra-thin solid targets, and two using windowless gas targets. Among these, the windowless gas-target datasets exhibit the highest quality, whereas the others display systematic discrepancies. The evaluation activities on D-T fusion cross sections are also systematically compiled. After 1990, evaluated fusion reaction data of the United States and Europe have been successively integrated into the major evaluated nuclear data libraries, namely ENDF (Evaluated Nuclear Data File) and JEFF (Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion File), thereby facilitating standardized data archiving and international sharing. Finally, several commonly used parametric formulas for the D-T fusion cross section are compared. In the energy range of 6~350 keV, the Gaganov formula provides the best accuracy; however, in the wider range of 1~1000 keV range, the Bosch-Hale formula, derived from the R-matrix theory, exhibits a maximum deviation of 3.7% and offers the most balanced overall performance. The datasets presented in this paper, including a brief introduction to the experimental setup, the differential cross-section data and the integral cross-section data, are openly available at https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.41598 (Please use the private access link https://www.scidb.cn/s/rUveEn to access the dataset during the peer review process).

     

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