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中国物理学会期刊

非线性多稳动力系统中暂态混沌与吸引域分形维数的关系——以磁摆系统为例

Relationship Between Transient Chaos and Fractal Dimension of Attraction Basins in Nonlinear Multistable Dynamical Systems: A Case Study of the Magnetic Pendulum System

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  • 暂态混沌与分形吸引域是非线性多稳动力系统的两个重要特征。虽然二者的区别已为人们所熟知,但对于二者之间的联系却一直不是很清楚。本文以双稳磁摆系统为例,结合实验测量与数值模拟,采用有限时间Lyapunov指数和盒子计数法,对系统中的暂态混沌、分形吸引域,以及二者对系统参数的依赖关系进行分析。研究发现,随着暂态混沌强度的增强,系统吸引域的分形维数呈现单调递增趋势,即暂态混沌强度与吸引域分形维数之间存在正相关关系。研究结果揭示了多稳动力系统中轨道初值敏感性与吸引域复杂性的内在联系,为进一步探究真实复杂非线性多稳系统的动力学行为及其功能调控提供了理论支撑与参考。

     

    Transient chaos and fractal basin boundaries are two important features of nonlinear multistable dynamical systems. Although their differences have been widely recognized, the intrinsic relationship between the dynamical complexity of transient chaos and the geometric complexity of basin boundaries remains unclear. Taking the bistable magnetic pendulum as a model system, we investigate this relationship through experiment, modeling, and numerical simulation. We first demonstrate experimentally the properties of transient chaotic motion and bistability in the magnetic pendulum. We then construct a simplified dynamical model and analyze the equilibrium points and their stability. Numerical simulations are performed to study how the basin structure depends on key system parameters, including the damping coefficient and the vertical distance between the pendulum bob and the permanent magnets. The transient sensitivity of trajectories is quantified by the finite-time Lyapunov exponent, while the geometric complexity of basin boundaries is characterized by the box-counting dimension. Our results show that, within the parameter range studied, stronger transient chaos is accompanied by more complex basin boundaries and a larger fractal dimension. In particular, the finite-time Lyapunov exponent and the fractal dimension of basin boundaries exhibit a positive correlation. This correlation can be physically understood from the local instability near saddle points and the associated escape dynamics in the multistable energy landscape. These findings suggest an intrinsic connection between trajectory-level dynamical complexity and basin-boundary geometric complexity in multistable systems, and may provide useful insight into transient behavior, sensitivity to initial conditions, and basin-structure control in complex nonlinear systems.

     

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