多轴差分吸收光谱技术的云和气溶胶类型鉴别方法研究

王杨; Wagner Thomas; 李昂; 谢品华; 伍德侠; 陈浩; 牟福生; 张杰; 徐晋; 吴丰成; 刘建国; 刘文清; 曾议

doi:10.7498/aps.63.110708

摘要

本文研究了多轴差分吸收光谱技术（MAX-DOAS）的云和气溶胶类型鉴别方法. 首先研究了晴朗低气溶胶、晴朗高气溶胶、分散云、连续薄云和连续厚云下，色彩因子、光通量和O4的大气质量因子的变化特征. 分析发现随着云和气溶胶光学厚度的增加，色彩因子会逐渐减小. 分散云会使色彩因子发生快速变化，连续云会使各高度角的色彩因子趋于一致. 另外，厚云会使天顶方向光强剧烈下降，同时O4大气质量因子大幅度增加. 根据分析结果，最终形成了MAX-DOAS技术的云和气溶胶类型鉴别方案. 利用该鉴别方案，统计分析了2012年6月1日到10月30日的MAX-DOAS观测结果. 分散云和连续薄云出现频率最高，达到了66%和14.3%. 两种类型下，NO2对流层垂直柱浓度（VCD）的平均值相对晴朗低气溶胶下高出35%和66%. 而表征NO2 VCD测量值稳定度的标准偏差大约增大了2倍. 连续厚云下NO2 VCD常出现突然的极大值和极小值. 因此实时判别云和气溶胶的种类，将对MAX-DOAS数据的解析和数据质量的保证起到十分重要的作用.

关键词:

Abstract

The classification of cloud and aerosol by means of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is studied in this paper. Firstly, the characters of variation of color index (CI), radiance, and O4 air mass factor (AMF) are analyzed in the following kinds of weather cases, i.e. clear and low aerosol load, clear and high aerosol load, broken cloud, continuous and thin cloud as well as continuous and thick clouds. We found that the CI consecutively decreases with the growing up of optical depth of cloud and aerosol. And the speedy temporal variation of CI is always going along with the occurrence of broken cloud. For the case of continuous cloud, the CIs of observations for all the elevation angles are similar to each other. At the same time, the thick cloud case normally causes radiance dropping and O4 AMF growing up strongly. Based on these characters, the scheme of cloud classification for MAX-DOAS is built. Using this scheme, the classification results for the MAX-DOAS observations in the period from 1 June 2012 to 30 October 2012 are analyzed statistically. The occurrence probabilities of the broken cloud and thin continuous cloud are the two largest weather kinds. The percentage of the broken cloud in all the observations is 66%, and that of the thin continuous cloud case is 14.3%. For these two kinds of weathers, the mean NO2 tropospheric vertical column densities (VCD) are respectively 35% and 66% larger than the value for the clear and low aerosol. Meanwhile, the standard deviation, which represents the stability of the measured NO2 VCD is two times larger than that of the clear and low aerosol cases. In the weather of thick continuous cloud, suddenly appearing of peak and valley are often observed. In conclusion, the real time classification of cloud and aerosol is very important and valuable in analyzing of MAX-DOAS data and the guarantee of data quality.

Keywords:

multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy /
classification of cloud and aerosol /
color index /
O4 air mass factor

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所环境光学与技术重点实验室, 合肥 230031;

2.
Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany, D-55128

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：41275038）、环保公益性项目（批准号：201109007）、安徽省科技攻关计划项目（批准号：1301022083）和安徽省自然科学基金（批准号：1308085QF124）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;

2.
Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany, D-55128

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41275038), the Special Project of Environmental Nonprofit Industry Research, China (Grant No. 201109007), the Science and Technology Research Projects of Anhui province, China (Grant No. 1301022083), and the Anhui Province Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 1308085QF124).

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施引文献

[1]	Zhu X L, Zhang Y H, Zeng L M, Wang W 2005 Research of Environmental Sciences 18 1 (in Chinese) [朱先磊, 张远航, 曾立民, 王玮 2005 环境科学研究 18 1]
[2]	Hnninger G, von Friedeburg C, Platt U 2004 Atmos. Chem. Phys 4 231
[3]
[4]
[5]	Li A, Xie P H, Liu C, Liu J G, Liu W Q 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2859
[6]	Wang Y, Xie P H, Li A, Zeng Y, Xu J, Si F Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 114209 (in Chinese)[王杨, 谢品华, 李昂, 曾议, 徐晋, 司福祺 2012 物理学报 61 114209]
[7]
[8]	Wang Y, Li A, Xie P H, Zeng Y, Wang R B, Chen H, Pei X, Liu J G, Liu W Q 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 114211
[9]
[10]
[11]	Xu J, Xie P H, Si F Q, Dou K, Li A, Liu Y, Liu W Q 2010 Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis 30 2464 (in Chinese) [徐晋, 谢品华, 司福祺, 窦科, 李昂, 刘宇, 刘文清 2010 光谱学与光谱分析 30 2464]
[12]	Wang Y, Li A, Xie P H, Chen H, Mou F S, Xu J, Wu F C, Zeng Y, Liu J G, Liu W Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 200705 (in Chinese)[王杨, 李昂, 谢品华, 陈浩, 牟福生, 徐晋, 吴丰成, 曾议, 刘建国, 刘文清 2013 物理学报 62 200705]
[13]
[14]	Wang Y, Xie P H, Li A, Si F Q, Zeng Y, Wu F C 2012 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 0901002 (in Chinese) [王杨, 谢品华, 李昂, 司福祺, 曾议, 吴丰成 2011 光学学报 32 0901002]
[15]
[16]
[17]	Gielen C, Van Roozendael M, Hendrik F, Fayt C, Hermans C, Pinardi G, Vlemmix T 2013 Geophysical Research Abstracts 15 EGU 2013-7153-1
[18]
[19]	Wu F C, Xie P H, Li A, Si F Q, Wang Y, Liu W Q 2011 Acta Opt. Sin. 31 1101003 (in Chinese) [吴丰成, 谢品华, 李昂, 司福祺, 王杨, 刘文清 2011 光学学报 31 1101003]
[20]
[21]	Ma J Z, Beirle S, Jin J L 2012 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 12 26719
[22]	Wagner T, Dix B, Friedeburg C v 2004 J. Geophys. Res. 109 22205
[23]
[24]
[25]	Wagner T, Deutschmann T, Platt U 2009 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2 495
[26]	Wang Y, Li A, Xie P H, Chen H, Xu J, Wu F C, Liu J G, Liu W Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 180705 (in Chinese)[王杨, 李昂, 谢品华, 陈浩, 徐晋, 吴丰成, 刘建国, 刘文清 2013 物理学报 62 180705]
[27]
[28]
[29]	Wagner T, Beirle S, Brauers T 2011 Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. 4 3891
[30]	Wu F C, Xie P H, Li A, Si F Q, Xu j, Fan G Q, Liu W Q, Liu W Q 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0601002 (in Chinese) [吴丰成, 谢品华, 李昂, 司福祺, 徐晋, 范广强, 刘建国, 刘文清 2013 光学学报 33 0601002]
[31]
[32]
[33]	Wagner T, Erie F, Marquard L, Otten C, Pfeilsticker K, Senne T, Stutz J, Platt U 1998 J. Geophys. Res. 103 25307
[34]
[35]	Huang X Y, Xia J R, Pu L B, Zhang X F, Lei Y, Huang J S, Wang W W, Wu D, Jiang C H, Hu H F 2013 Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics 30 73 (in Chinese) [黄兴友, 夏俊荣, 卜令兵, 张雪芬, 雷勇, 黄建松, 王巍巍, 吴迪, 蒋昌华, 胡汉峰 2013 量子电子学报 30 73]
[36]	Heinle A, Macke A, Srivastav A 2010 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3 557
[37]
[38]
[39]	Pei X, Li A, Xie P H, Wu F C, Wang Y, Xu J 2013 Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics 8 354 (in Chinese)[裴显, 李昂, 谢品华, 吴丰成, 王杨, 徐晋 2013 大气与环境光学学报 8 354]
[40]
[41]
[42]	Wagner T, Beirle S, Drner S, Friess U, Remmers J, Shaiganfar R 2013 Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. 6 10297
[43]
[44]	Wagner T, Beirle S, Deutschmann T 2009 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2 113
[45]	Platt U, Stutz J 2008 Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg p133
[46]
[47]
[48]	Greenblatt G D, Orlando J J, Burkholder J B 1990 J. Geophys. Res. 95 18577
[49]
[50]	Wagner T, Friedeburg C von, Wenig M 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 D 204424
[51]
[52]
[53]	Solomon S, Schmeltekopf A L, Sanders R W 1987 J. Geophys. Res. 92 8311
[54]
[55]
[56]	Greenblatt G D, Orlando J J, Burkholder J B, Ravis-hankara A R 1990 J. Geophys. Res. 95 18577
[57]
[58]	Vandaele A C, Hermans C, Simon P C, Carleer M, Colins R, Fally S, Merienne M F, Jenouvrier A, Coquart B 1998 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 59 171
[59]	Bogumil K, Orphal J, Homann T, Voigt S, Spietz P, Fleischmann O C, Vogel A, Hart-mann M, Bovensmann H, Frerik J, Burrows J P 2003 J. Photoch. Pho-tobio. A 157 167
[60]
[61]
[62]	https://nsidc.org/data/modis/terra_aqua_differences/[2013-12-08]
[63]
[64]
[65]
[66]	Deutschmanna T, Beirle S, Frie U, Grzegorski M, Kern C, Kritten L, Platt U, Prados-Romna C, Pukite J, Wagner T, Werner B, Pfeilsticker K 2011 Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 112 1119

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