高速850 nm垂直腔面发射激光器的优化设计与外延生长

周广正; 尧舜; 于洪岩; 吕朝晨; 王青; 周天宝; 李颖; 兰天; 夏宇; 郎陆广; 程立文; 董国亮; 康联鸿; 王智勇

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20172550

摘要

利用传输矩阵理论和TFCalc薄膜设计软件分析了分布布拉格反射镜和垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）的反射率谱特性，对比了从谐振腔入射与从表面入射时反射率谱的差异，为白光反射谱表征VCSEL外延片提供了依据.利用Crosslight软件模拟了InGaAs/AlGaAs应变量子阱的增益谱随温度的变化特性及VCSEL器件内部温度分布，设计了增益-腔模调谐的VCSEL.采用金属有机物化学气相淀积设备外延生长了顶发射VCSEL，制作了氧化孔径为7.5 m的氧化限制型VCSEL器件，测试了器件的直流特性、光谱特性和眼图特性；6 mA，2.5 V偏置条件下输出光功率达5 mW，4级脉冲幅度调制传输速率达50 Gbit/s.

关键词:

Abstract

Using transfer matrix method and TFcalc thin film design software,the reflectance spectrum of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) are simulated.The reflectance spectra from the cavity and surface are compared with each other,thus providing the basis for white light source (WLS) optical reflectance spectrum of the VCSEL epitaxial wafer.When using WLS to characterize VCSEL wafer,it is necessary to combine the simulation results and the shape of optical reflectance spectrum to speculate the reflectance seen from the cavity.The influences of different cap layers on the reflectance of DBRs are discussed theoretically and experimentally.With a 1/4 GaAs cap layer,the reflectance reaches up to 97.8% seen from the cavity.This design can make the wavelength of the VCSEL etalon picked easily because of avoiding the influence of test noise. The active region has higher heat accumulation due to the small area and poor thermal conductivity.The characteristics of the gain spectrum of InGaAs/AlGaAs strained quantum well (QW) under different temperatures and the temperature distribution in VCSEL are simulated by Crosslight software.The gain-to-cavity wavelength detuning is used to improve the slope efficiency and the temperature stability.The temperature in active region ranges from 360 K to 370 K.The gain peak wavelength and the Fabry-Perot cavity wavelength are designed in the ranges of 829-832 nm and 845-847 nm,respectively.Epitaxial wafer with top-emitting VCSEL structure grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition is characterized.The room temperature photoluminescence peak is at 827.5 nm and the etalon cavity wavelength measured by optical reflectance is 847.7 nm,which are consistent with designed values. The oxide restricted VCSELs with 7.5 m oxide aperture are fabricated.The image of the infrared light source CCD shows that the oxide aperture is circular.A passivation layer of 120 nm SiO2 is finally deposited to insulate water vapor.The threshold current is 0.8 mA,and the maximum output power reaches up to 9 mW at 13.5 mA.The optical spectrum at 6.0 mA reveals multiple transverse modes.The center wavelength is 852.3 nm and the root mean square (RMS) spectrum width is 0.6 nm,meeting the high-speed Datacom standards.Shannon theory indicates that the maximum data rate is not only proportional to bandwidth but also related to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).It is effective to reduce relative intensity noise and enhance the SNR by increasing output power.From the eye diagram of 25 Gbit/s on-off key VCSEL,it is demonstrated that fall time is 38.66 ps,rise time is 41.54 ps,SNR is 5.6,and jitter RMS is 1.57 ps.Clear eye opening is observed from eye diagram of 25 GBaud/s PAM-4 VCSEL,which indicates the qualified 50 Gbit/s high speed performance.

Keywords:

vertical cavity surface emitting lasers /
distributed Bragg reflector /
quantum well /
metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

作者及机构信息

1.
北京工业大学激光工程研究院, 北京 100124;

2.
华芯半导体科技有限公司, 泰州 225599;

3.
扬州大学物理科学与技术学院, 扬州 225002

通信作者: 尧舜, yaoshun_bjut@126.com

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;

2.
Sino-semiconductor Photonics Integrated Circuit Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225599, China;

3.
College of Physics science and Technology and Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China

Corresponding author: Yao Shun, yaoshun_bjut@126.com

参考文献

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[22]	Larisch G, Moser P, Lott J A, Bimberg D 2017 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 53 2400908
[23]	Dalir H, Koyama F 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 091109
[24]	Kao H Y, Chi Y C, Peng C Y, Leong S F, Chang C K, Wu Y C, Shih T T, Huang J J, Kuo H C, Cheng W H, Wu C H, Lin G R 2017 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 53 8000408

施引文献

[1]	Saha A K, Islam S 2009 Opt. Quant. Electron 41 873
[2]	Moser P 2015 Ph. D. Dissertation (Berlin:Technische Universitt Berlin)
[3]	Li T, Ning Y Q, Hao E J, Cui J J, Zhang Y, Liu G Y, Qin L, Liu Y, Wang L J, Cui D F, Xu Z Y 2009 Sci. China Ser F:Inform. Sci. 52 1226
[4]	Wang Y H, Bo B X 2013 Chin. J. Lumin. 34 184
[5]	Blokhin S A, Bobrov M A, Maleev N A, Kuzmenkov A G, Sakharov A V, Blokhin A A, Moser P, Lott J A, Bimberg D, Usinov V M 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 061104
[6]	Moser P, Lott J A, Bimberg D 2013 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 19 1702212
[7]	Westbergh P, Gustavsson J S, Kgel B, Haglund , Larsson A 2011 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 17 1603
[8]	Feng Y, Hao Y Q, Wang X T, Liu G J, Yan C L, Zhang J B, Li Z J, Li Y 2017 Chin. Laser J. 44 47 (in Chinese)[冯源, 郝永芹, 王宪涛, 刘国军, 晏长岭, 张家斌, 李再金, 李洋 2017 中国激光 44 47]
[9]	Kuchta D M, Rylyakov A V, Doany F E, Schow C L, Proesel J E, Baks C W, Westbergh P, Gustavsson J S, Larsson A 2015 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27 577
[10]	Coldren L A, Corzine S W, Maanovi M L 2012 Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits, Second Edition (New Jersey:John Wiley Sons, Inc.) pp288-298
[11]	Blakemore J S 1982 J. Appl. Phys. 53 123
[12]	Casey H C, Sell D D, Wecht K W 1975 J. Appl. Phys. 46 250
[13]	Zhang Y M, Zhong J C, Zhao Y J, Hao Y Q, Li L, Wang Y X, Su W 2005 Chin. J. Semicond. 5 1024 (in Chinese)[张永明, 钟景昌, 赵英杰, 郝永芹, 李林, 王玉霞, 苏伟 2005 半导体学报 5 1024]
[14]	Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang J W, Zhong C Y, Huang Y W, Ning Y Q, Gu S H, Wang L J 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 134204 (in Chinese)[张星, 张奕, 张建伟, 钟础宇, 黄佑文, 宁永强, 顾思洪, 王立军 2016 物理学报 65 134204]
[15]	Cui M, Han J, Deng J, Li J J, Xing Y H, Chen X, Zhu Q F 2015 Semicond. Optoelectron. 36 38 (in Chinese)[崔明, 韩军, 邓军, 李建军, 邢艳辉, 陈翔, 朱启发 2015 半导体光电 36 38]
[16]	Li L, Zhong J C, Zhang Y M, Zhao Y J, Wang Y, Liu W L, Hao Y Q, Su W, Yan C L 2005 Atca Photon. Sin. 3 343 (in Chinese)[李林, 钟景昌, 张永明, 赵英杰, 王勇, 刘文莉, 郝永琴, 苏伟, 晏长岭 2005 光子学报 3 343]
[17]	Zhang J W, Ning Y Q, Zhang X, Zeng Y G, Zhang J, Liu Y, Qin L, Wang L J 2013 Chin. Laser J. 40 6 (in Chinese)[张建伟, 宁永强, 张星, 曾玉刚, 张建, 刘云, 秦莉, 王立军 2013 中国激光 40 6]
[18]	Chen M, Guo X, Guan B L, Deng J, Dong L M, Shen G D 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 5842 (in Chinese)[陈敏, 郭霞, 关宝璐, 邓军, 董立闽, 沈光地 2006 物理学报 55 5842]
[19]	Szczerba K, Lengyel T, Karlsson M, Andrekson P A, Larsson A 2016 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 28 2519
[20]	Wang J Y, Murty M V R, Wang C, Hui D, Harren A L, Chang H H, Feng Z W, Fanning T R, Sridhara A, Taslim S, Cai X L, Chu J, Giovane L 2017 Proc. SPIE 10122 1012202
[21]	Li H, Wolf P, Jia X W, Lott J A, Bimberg D 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 243508
[22]	Larisch G, Moser P, Lott J A, Bimberg D 2017 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 53 2400908
[23]	Dalir H, Koyama F 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 091109
[24]	Kao H Y, Chi Y C, Peng C Y, Leong S F, Chang C K, Wu Y C, Shih T T, Huang J J, Kuo H C, Cheng W H, Wu C H, Lin G R 2017 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 53 8000408

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