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基于强耦合Duffing振子的微弱脉冲信号检测与参数估计

曹保锋 李鹏 李小强 张雪芹 宁王师 梁睿 李欣 胡淼 郑毅

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基于强耦合Duffing振子的微弱脉冲信号检测与参数估计

曹保锋, 李鹏, 李小强, 张雪芹, 宁王师, 梁睿, 李欣, 胡淼, 郑毅

Detection and parameter estimation of weak pulse signal based on strongly coupled Duffing oscillators

Cao Bao-Feng, Li Peng, Li Xiao-Qiang, Zhang Xue-Qin, Ning Wang-Shi, Liang Rui, Li Xin, Hu Miao, Zheng Yi
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  • 耦合Duffing振子在检测强噪声中的微弱脉冲信号时具有可检测信噪比低等优点, 但目前检测模型还存在系统性能与初始状态有关、只能工作在倍周期分岔状态等缺陷. 为此本文构建了一种能克服上述缺点的新的微弱脉冲信号检测模型, 通过对两个Duffing振子同时施加较大的恢复力和阻尼力耦合, 可使振子间产生广义的“阱内失同步”现象, 基于这种现象可实现微弱脉冲信号的检测与恢复. 以信噪比改善和波形相似度为衡量指标, 研究了周期策动力幅值与周期、耦合系数、计算步长、阻尼系数等参量对模型信号检测与波形恢复效果的影响. 对方波、双指数脉冲和高斯导数脉冲进行检测和恢复的实验结果表明, 本文所构建的模型能够在较低信噪比条件下有效地检测并恢复出高斯白噪声背景中的微弱脉冲信号, 进而改善了现有的Duffing振子对非周期脉冲信号的检测能力并扩展了其应用领域.
    Pulse signal detection is widely used in nuclear explosion electromagnetic pulse detection, lightning signal detection, power system partial discharge detection, electrostatic discharge detection, and other fields. The signal strength becomes weak with the increase of the detection distance and may be submerged in strong Gaussian noise for remote detection. Therefore, the detection and recovery of the weak signals, especially the weak pulse signals, have important applications in signal processing area. Some methods have been reported to detect and estimate weak pulse signals in strong background noise. Coupled Duffing oscillators are usually used in processing periodic signals, though it is still in an exploration stage for aperiodic transient signals. There remain some problems to be solved, for example, the system performance depends on some initial values, results are valid only for the period-doubling bifurcation state, the waveform time domain information cannot be accurately estimated, etc. In this paper, we explain the reasons why there exist these inherent defects in the current weakly coupled Duffing oscillators. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a new signal detection and recovery model is constructed, which is characterized by coupling the restoring force and damping force of the two oscillators simultaneously. A large coupling coefficient is applied to the two Duffing oscillators, and a generalized " in-well out-of-synchronization”phenomenon arises between the oscillators which conduces to detecting and recovering the weak pulse signals, and also overcoming the defects mentioned above. Using the metrics of signal-to-noise ratio improvement (SNRI) and waveform similarity, the effects of amplitude and period of periodic driving force, coupling coefficient, step size and damping coefficient on signal detection and waveform recovery are studied. Finally, experiments are performed to detect and recover the following three kinds of pulses: square wave pulses, double exponential pulses, and Gaussian derivative pulses. The input SNR thresholds of these three waveforms are –15, –12, and –16 dB, respectively, under the detection probabilities and waveform similarity all being greater than 0.9 simultaneously. The maximum error of the pulse amplitude and pulse width are both less than 5% of their corresponding true values. In summary, the strongly coupled Duffing system has advantages of being able to operate in any phase-space state and being no longer limited by the initial values. Especially, the time domain waveform of weak pulse signals can be well recovered in the low SNR case, and the error and the minimum mean square error are both very low.
      通信作者: 郑毅, zhengyi@sklnbcpc.cn
    • 基金项目: 中国科学院战略性先导专项(批准号: XDA17040503)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61705055)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Zheng Yi, zhengyi@sklnbcpc.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA17040503) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61705055).
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    Kirsteins I P, Mehta S K, Fay J 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Munich, Germany, April 21−24, 1997 p483

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    吴小培, 冯焕清, 周荷琴, 王涛 2001 生物医学工程学杂志 18 60Google Scholar

    Wu X P, Feng H Q, Zhou H Q, Wang T 2001 J. Biomedical. Eng. 18 60Google Scholar

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    Qi L, Tao R, Zhou S Y, Wang Y 2004 Sci. China: Ser. F 47 184Google Scholar

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    刘锋, 徐会法, 陶然 2011 电子与信息学报 33 1864Google Scholar

    Liu F, Xu H F, Tao R 2011 J. Electr. Inf. Technol. 33 1864Google Scholar

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    王燕, 邹男, 付进, 梁国龙 2013 电子与信息学报 35 1720Google Scholar

    Wang Y, Zou N, Fu J, Liang G L 2013 J. Electr. Inf. Technol. 35 1720Google Scholar

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    汪立新, 林孝焰, 吴涛 2007 计算机工程与应用 43 239Google Scholar

    Wang L X, Lin X Y, Wu T 2007 Comput. Eng. Appl. 43 239Google Scholar

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    樊高辉, 刘尚合, 刘卫东, 魏明, 胡小锋, 张悦 2015 电波科学学报 30 736Google Scholar

    Fan G H, Liu S H, Liu W D, Wei M, Hu X F, Zhang Y 2015 Chin. J. Radio. 30 736Google Scholar

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    苏理云, 孙唤唤, 王杰, 阳黎明 2017 物理学报 64 090503Google Scholar

    Su L Y, Sun H H, Wang J, Yang L M 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 090503Google Scholar

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    苏理云, 孙唤唤, 李晨龙 2017 电子学报 45 837Google Scholar

    Su L Y, Sun H H, Li C L 2017 Acta Electron. Sin. 45 837Google Scholar

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    王永生, 姜文志, 赵建军, 范洪达 2008 物理学报 57 2053Google Scholar

    Wang Y S, Jiang W Z, Zhao J J, Fan H D 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2053Google Scholar

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    姚海洋, 王海燕, 张之琛, 申晓红 2017 物理学报 66 124302Google Scholar

    Yao H Y, Wang H Y, Zhang Z S, Shen X H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 124302Google Scholar

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    金友渔 2002 电子学报 30 79

    Jin Y Y 2002 Acta Electron. Sin. 30 79 (in Chinese)

    [13]

    王慧武, 丛超 2016 电子学报 44 1450Google Scholar

    Wang H W, Cong C 2016 Acta Electron. Sin. 44 1450Google Scholar

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    赖志慧, 冷永刚, 孙建桥, 范胜波 2012 物理学报 61 050503Google Scholar

    Lai Z H, Leng Y G, Sun J Q, Fan S B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 050503Google Scholar

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    范剑, 赵文礼, 王万强 2013 物理学报 62 180502Google Scholar

    Fan J, Zhao W L, Wang W Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 180502Google Scholar

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    吴继鹏, 曲银凤, 程学珍 2017 电子测量技术 40 143Google Scholar

    Wu J P, Qu Y F, Cheng X Z 2017 Electr. Measur. Technol. 40 143Google Scholar

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    李月, 路鹏, 杨宝俊, 赵雪平 2006 物理学报 55 1672Google Scholar

    Li Y, Lu P, Yang B J, Zhao X P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 1672Google Scholar

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    Yuan Y, Li Y, Mandic D P, Yang B J 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 958Google Scholar

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    吴勇峰, 张世平, 孙金玮, Peter Rolfe 2011 物理学报 60 020511Google Scholar

    Wu Y F, Zhang S P, Sun J W, Rolfe P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 020511Google Scholar

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    吴勇峰, 张世平, 孙金玮, Peter Rolfe, 李智 2011 物理学报 60 100509Google Scholar

    Wu Y F, Zhang S P, Sun J W, Rolfe P, Li Z 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 100509Google Scholar

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    吴勇峰, 黄绍平, 金国彬 2013 物理学报 62 130505Google Scholar

    Wu Y F, Huang S P, Jin G B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 130505Google Scholar

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    张悦, 刘尚合, 胡小锋, 刘卫东, 魏明, 王雷 2015 中国发明专利 201510275506.8

    Zhang Y, Liu S H, Hu X F, Liu W D, Wei M, Wang L 2015 CN Patent 201510275506.8 (in Chinese)

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    曾喆昭, 周勇, 胡凯 2015 物理学报 64 070505Google Scholar

    Zeng Z Z, Zhou Y, Hu K 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 070505Google Scholar

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    王晓东, 赵志宏, 杨绍普 2016 噪声与振动控制 36 174Google Scholar

    Wang X D, Zhao Z H, Yang S P 2016 Noise Vibra. Contrl. 36 174Google Scholar

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    Shampine L F, Reichelt M W 1997 SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 18 1Google Scholar

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    史蒂芬 H. 斯托加茨 著(孙梅, 汪小帆 译)2017 非线性动力学与混沌(北京: 机械工业出版社)第162—163页

    Steven H S (translated by Sun M, Wang X F) 2017 Nonlinear Dynamics and chaos (Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press) pp162−163 (in Chinese)

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    刘海波, 吴德伟, 金伟, 王永庆 2013 物理学报 62 050501Google Scholar

    Liu H B, Wu D W, Jin W, Wang Y Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 050501Google Scholar

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    Sun K H, Tan G Q, Sheng L Y, Zhang T S 2004 Comput. Eng. Appl. 35 12Google Scholar

  • 图 1  强耦合Duffing振子检测微弱脉冲信号 (a)输入信号; (b)输出信号; (c)振子1相图; (d)振子2相图; (e)变量${\dot x_1}$时域图; (f)变量${\dot x_2}$时域图

    Fig. 1.  Detection of weak pulse signal using the strongly coupled Duffing oscillators: (a) Input signal; (b) output signal; (c) phase space of oscillator 1 and (d) oscillator 2; (e) time domain diagram of variable ${\dot x_1}$ and (f) ${\dot x_2}$

    图 2  Duffing振子随参数F变化的分岔图

    Fig. 2.  Bifurcation diagram of Duffing oscillator with parameter F

    图 3  SNRI和r与周期驱动力幅值F (相态)的关系

    Fig. 3.  SNRI and r versus the periodic driving force amplitude F (states of phase-space)

    图 4  SNRI和r与驱动力周期$\omega$的关系

    Fig. 4.  SNRI and r versus the driving force period $\omega$

    图 5  SNRI和r与耦合系数k的关系

    Fig. 5.  SNRI and r versus the coupling coefficient k

    图 6  SNRI和r与阻尼系数$\xi$的关系

    Fig. 6.  SNRI and r versus the damping coefficient $\xi$

    图 7  SNRI和r与不同计算步长的关系

    Fig. 7.  SNRI and r versus different calculation steps

    图 8  检测信噪比–15 dB的方波信号 (a)输入信号; (b)输出信号

    Fig. 8.  Detection of square wave signal with SNR of –15 dB: (a) Input signal; (b) output signal

    图 9  检测信噪比–12 dB的双指数脉冲 (a)输入信号; (b)输出信号

    Fig. 9.  Detection of double exponential pulse with SNR of –12 dB: (a)Input signal; (b) output signal

    图 10  检测信噪比–16 dB的高斯导数脉冲 (a)输入信号; (b)输出信号

    Fig. 10.  Detection of Gaussian derivative pulse with SNR –16 dB: (a) Input signal; (b) output signal

    图 11  对比实验结果 (a)输入信号; (b)弱耦合Duffing振子输出信号; (c)强耦合Duffing振子输出信号

    Fig. 11.  Contrast experimental results: input signal (a); output signal of weakly coupled Duffing oscillators (b) and strongly coupled Duffing oscillators (c)

    表 1  强耦合Duffing振子各参数取值区间与默认值

    Table 1.  Values range and default values of parameters in strongly coupled Duffing oscillators

    参数 取值区间 默认值
    F [0, 2] 0.2
    $\omega $/${\rm rad}\cdot {{\rm s}^{-1}} $ [1 × 105, 5 × 107] 5 × 106
    k [10–1, 103] 10
    $\xi$ [10–2, 102] 0.7
    计算步长/ns [20, 1] 1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  波形特征及部分振子参数

    Table 2.  Waveform characteristics and partial oscillator parameters

    脉冲类型 波形时域特征 Duffing振子参数
    方波 上升时间0.1 ms $\omega = 50$ rad/s
    半高宽1 s 计算步长0.1 ms
    双指数脉冲 上升时间3 ${\text{μs}}$ $\omega = 5 \times {10^5}$ rad/s
    半高宽25 ${\text{μs}}$ 计算步长10 ns
    高斯导数脉冲 上升时间1.5 ${\text{μs}}$ $\omega = 4 \times {10^6}$ rad/s
    峰峰宽1.45 ${\text{μs}}$ 计算步长1 ns
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  强耦合Duffing振子检测结果

    Table 3.  Detection results of strongly coupled Duffing oscillators

    脉冲类型 输入信噪比/dB –20 –19 –18 –17 –16 –15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10
    方波 检测概率/% 14.0 21.5 41.5 60.5 78.0 91.5 99.0 100 100 100 100
    波形相似度r 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98
    双指数脉冲 检测概率/% 0.5 4.5 5.5 10.0 23.5 51.0 67.5 87.5 95.5 100 100
    波形相似度r 0.67 0.71 0.74 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.91 0.92
    高斯导数脉冲 检测概率/% 37.5 55.0 73.0 86.5 94.0 99.5 100 100 100 100 100
    波形相似度r 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.93
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  脉冲信号幅值估计结果

    Table 4.  Estimation results of pulse signals amplitude

    脉冲类型 输入信噪比/dB –16 –15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10
    方波 真实值 0.1125 0.1262 0.1416 0.1589 0.1783 0.2000
    估计值 0.1114 0.1304 0.1375 0.1641 0.1761 0.1943
    误差/% –0.98 3.34 –2.90 3.29 –1.24 –2.85
    MSE/10–4 1.26 1.43 0.75 2.04 1.23 2.49
    双指数脉冲 真实值 0.1589 0.1783 0.2000
    估计值 0.1586 0.1773 0.2032
    误差/% –0.16 –0.55 1.62
    MSE/10–4 2.79 6.43 5.03
    高斯导数脉冲 真实值 0.1002 0.1125 0.1262 0.1416 0.1589 0.1783 0.2000
    估计值 0.1039 0.1180 0.1297 0.1423 0.1595 0.1807 0.1960
    误差/% 3.74 4.93 2.78 0.52 0.41 1.35 –2.02
    MSE/10–4 0.29 0.89 0.79 1.60 0.82 1.46 0.71
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 5  脉冲信号宽度估计结果

    Table 5.  Estimation results of pulse signals width

    脉冲类型 输入信噪比/dB –16 –15 –14 –13 –12 –11 –10
    方波 真实值/s 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
    估计值/s 1.0011 0.9988 0.9941 0.9984 0.9972 0.9986
    误差/% 0.11 –0.12 –0.59 –0.16 –0.28 –0.14
    MSE/10–4 1.40 1.11 0.57 0.13 0.56 0.45
    双指数脉冲 真实值/${\text{μ}}{\rm s}$ 25 25 25
    估计值/${\text{μ}}{\rm s}$ 25.22 24.79 24.68
    误差/% 0.89 –0.84 –1.27
    MSE 15.8 3.8 7.7
    高斯导数脉冲 真实值/${\text{μ}}{\rm s}$ 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45
    估计值/${\text{μ}}{\rm s}$ 1.38 1.52 1.52 1.47 1.48 1.52 1.46
    误差/% –5.02 4.99 4.61 1.43 2.37 4.49 0.34
    MSE 0.011 0.023 0.017 0.032 0.024 0.003 0.012
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1]

    Kirsteins I P, Mehta S K, Fay J 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Munich, Germany, April 21−24, 1997 p483

    [2]

    吴小培, 冯焕清, 周荷琴, 王涛 2001 生物医学工程学杂志 18 60Google Scholar

    Wu X P, Feng H Q, Zhou H Q, Wang T 2001 J. Biomedical. Eng. 18 60Google Scholar

    [3]

    Qi L, Tao R, Zhou S Y, Wang Y 2004 Sci. China: Ser. F 47 184Google Scholar

    [4]

    刘锋, 徐会法, 陶然 2011 电子与信息学报 33 1864Google Scholar

    Liu F, Xu H F, Tao R 2011 J. Electr. Inf. Technol. 33 1864Google Scholar

    [5]

    王燕, 邹男, 付进, 梁国龙 2013 电子与信息学报 35 1720Google Scholar

    Wang Y, Zou N, Fu J, Liang G L 2013 J. Electr. Inf. Technol. 35 1720Google Scholar

    [6]

    汪立新, 林孝焰, 吴涛 2007 计算机工程与应用 43 239Google Scholar

    Wang L X, Lin X Y, Wu T 2007 Comput. Eng. Appl. 43 239Google Scholar

    [7]

    樊高辉, 刘尚合, 刘卫东, 魏明, 胡小锋, 张悦 2015 电波科学学报 30 736Google Scholar

    Fan G H, Liu S H, Liu W D, Wei M, Hu X F, Zhang Y 2015 Chin. J. Radio. 30 736Google Scholar

    [8]

    苏理云, 孙唤唤, 王杰, 阳黎明 2017 物理学报 64 090503Google Scholar

    Su L Y, Sun H H, Wang J, Yang L M 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 090503Google Scholar

    [9]

    苏理云, 孙唤唤, 李晨龙 2017 电子学报 45 837Google Scholar

    Su L Y, Sun H H, Li C L 2017 Acta Electron. Sin. 45 837Google Scholar

    [10]

    王永生, 姜文志, 赵建军, 范洪达 2008 物理学报 57 2053Google Scholar

    Wang Y S, Jiang W Z, Zhao J J, Fan H D 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2053Google Scholar

    [11]

    姚海洋, 王海燕, 张之琛, 申晓红 2017 物理学报 66 124302Google Scholar

    Yao H Y, Wang H Y, Zhang Z S, Shen X H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 124302Google Scholar

    [12]

    金友渔 2002 电子学报 30 79

    Jin Y Y 2002 Acta Electron. Sin. 30 79 (in Chinese)

    [13]

    王慧武, 丛超 2016 电子学报 44 1450Google Scholar

    Wang H W, Cong C 2016 Acta Electron. Sin. 44 1450Google Scholar

    [14]

    赖志慧, 冷永刚, 孙建桥, 范胜波 2012 物理学报 61 050503Google Scholar

    Lai Z H, Leng Y G, Sun J Q, Fan S B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 050503Google Scholar

    [15]

    范剑, 赵文礼, 王万强 2013 物理学报 62 180502Google Scholar

    Fan J, Zhao W L, Wang W Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 180502Google Scholar

    [16]

    吴继鹏, 曲银凤, 程学珍 2017 电子测量技术 40 143Google Scholar

    Wu J P, Qu Y F, Cheng X Z 2017 Electr. Measur. Technol. 40 143Google Scholar

    [17]

    李月, 路鹏, 杨宝俊, 赵雪平 2006 物理学报 55 1672Google Scholar

    Li Y, Lu P, Yang B J, Zhao X P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 1672Google Scholar

    [18]

    Yuan Y, Li Y, Mandic D P, Yang B J 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 958Google Scholar

    [19]

    吴勇峰, 张世平, 孙金玮, Peter Rolfe 2011 物理学报 60 020511Google Scholar

    Wu Y F, Zhang S P, Sun J W, Rolfe P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 020511Google Scholar

    [20]

    吴勇峰, 张世平, 孙金玮, Peter Rolfe, 李智 2011 物理学报 60 100509Google Scholar

    Wu Y F, Zhang S P, Sun J W, Rolfe P, Li Z 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 100509Google Scholar

    [21]

    吴勇峰, 黄绍平, 金国彬 2013 物理学报 62 130505Google Scholar

    Wu Y F, Huang S P, Jin G B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 130505Google Scholar

    [22]

    张悦, 刘尚合, 胡小锋, 刘卫东, 魏明, 王雷 2015 中国发明专利 201510275506.8

    Zhang Y, Liu S H, Hu X F, Liu W D, Wei M, Wang L 2015 CN Patent 201510275506.8 (in Chinese)

    [23]

    曾喆昭, 周勇, 胡凯 2015 物理学报 64 070505Google Scholar

    Zeng Z Z, Zhou Y, Hu K 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 070505Google Scholar

    [24]

    王晓东, 赵志宏, 杨绍普 2016 噪声与振动控制 36 174Google Scholar

    Wang X D, Zhao Z H, Yang S P 2016 Noise Vibra. Contrl. 36 174Google Scholar

    [25]

    Shampine L F, Reichelt M W 1997 SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 18 1Google Scholar

    [26]

    史蒂芬 H. 斯托加茨 著(孙梅, 汪小帆 译)2017 非线性动力学与混沌(北京: 机械工业出版社)第162—163页

    Steven H S (translated by Sun M, Wang X F) 2017 Nonlinear Dynamics and chaos (Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press) pp162−163 (in Chinese)

    [27]

    刘海波, 吴德伟, 金伟, 王永庆 2013 物理学报 62 050501Google Scholar

    Liu H B, Wu D W, Jin W, Wang Y Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 050501Google Scholar

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    孙克辉, 谈国强, 盛利元, 张泰山 2004 计算机工程与应用 35 12Google Scholar

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2018-10-16
  • 修回日期:  2019-02-01
  • 上网日期:  2019-04-01
  • 刊出日期:  2019-04-20

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