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窄禁带直接带隙半导体材料碲镉汞(Hg1–xCdxTe)是一种在红外探测与自旋轨道耦合效应基础研究方面都具有重要应用意义的材料. 本文对单晶生长的体材料Hg0.851Cd0.149Te进行阳极氧化以形成表面反型层, 将样品粘贴在压电陶瓷上减薄后进行磁输运测试, 在压电陶瓷未加电压时观察到了明显的SdH振荡效应. 对填充因子与磁场倒数进行线性拟合, 获得样品反型层二维电子气的载流子浓度为
$ {n_{\rm{s}}} = 1.25 \times {10^{16}}~{{\rm{m}}^{ - 2}}$ . 在不同磁场下, 利用压电陶瓷对样品进行应力调控, 观测到具有不同特征的现象, 分析应是样品中存在二维电子气与体材料两个导电通道. 零磁场下体材料主导的电阻的变化应来源于应力导致的带隙的改变; 而高场下产生类振荡现象的原因应为应力导致的二维电子气能级的分裂.-
关键词:
- HgCdTe /
- Shubnikov-de Haas振荡 /
- 压电陶瓷 /
- 应力调控
In recent years, the research on topological materials, including topological insulator and topological semimetal, has received a lot of attention in condensed matter physics. HgCdTe, widely used in infrared detection, also holds huge potential in this field. It has been reported that the strained thin Hg0.865Cd0.135Te can realize topological insulator phase by using a CdZnTe substrate. However, the stress caused by changing substrate has great limitations. For example, the stress cannot be changed once the sample has been grown. Hence, we try to use a piezoceramics (PZT) instead to implement the stress and control the properties of HgCdTe. The main purpose of our experiment is to verify its validity. As is well known, the band structure of Hg1–xCdxTe can be precisely controlled by changing the content of Cd. When x lies between 0 and 0.165, HgCdTe features an inverted band structure, which is the premise of realizing topological phase. In this work, an inversion layer is induced on a single crystal grown HgCdTe bulk material by anodic oxidation, whose content of Cd is confirmed to be 0.149 by using XRD. Then the sample is thinned and attached to a PZT, which the tuning of stress is realized by applying a voltage to. Ohmic contacts are realized by indium in van der Pauw configuration. All measurements are carried out by using an Oxford Instruments 4He cryostat with magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the sample plane. At 1.5 K and zero voltage, an evident SdH oscillation is observed. By fitting the linear relationship between filling factor and the reciprocal of magnetic field, the concentration is obtained to be${n_{\rm{s}}} = 1.25 \times {10^{16}}\;{{\rm{m}}^{ - 2}}$ . Subsequently, we scan the voltage from 200 V to –200 V continuously in different magnetic fields. Two phenomena with different characteristics are observed. It is found that the resistance changes linearly with stress at zero field while an SdH oscillation-like behavior occurs at high field. We attribute such a difference to the existence of two conductive channels: one is the bulk material and the other is the two-dimensional electron gas. It is also noteworthy that the topological phase in our sample cannot be determined because the quantum Hall conductance is polluted by the conductance of bulk material. In conclusion, our results show that it is an effective way to use the PZT to tune the stress and this method can also be applied to the research of other materials.-
Keywords:
- HgCdTe /
- Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation /
- piezoceramics /
- stress control
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图 1 样品结构示意图, 其中箭头表示对压电陶瓷施加正偏压时的应力方向
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the sample, and the arrows indicate the direction of strain when positive voltage is applied.
图 3 (a) 1.5 K温度下, HgCdTe样品在磁场中的SdH振荡图; (b)去背底处理后的SdH振荡曲线
Fig. 3. (a) The longitudinal resistance of HgCdTe as function of magnetic field at 1.5 K; (b) remove the background resistance from SdH oscillations.
图 4 填充因子ν与磁场倒数1/B的变化关系及拟合直线
Fig. 4. Relationship between the filling factor ν and the reciprocal 1/B of the magnetic field and the fitting line.
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[1] Rogalski A 2003 Proc. SPIE 4999 431
Google Scholar
[2] Rogalski A 2005 Rep. Prog. Phys. 68 2267
Google Scholar
[3] Chu J H, Sher A 2008 Physics and Properties of Narrow Gap Semiconductors (New York: Springer) pp383−392
[4] 魏来明, 刘新智, 俞国林, 高矿红, 王奇伟, 林铁, 郭少令, 魏彦峰, 杨建荣, 何力 2013 红外与毫米波学报 32 141
Google Scholar
Wei L M, Liu X Z, Yu G L, Gao K H, Wang Q W, Lin T, Guo S L, Wei Y F, Yang J R, He L, Dai N, Chu J H 2013 J. Infrared Millim. Waves 32 141
Google Scholar
[5] Bernevig B A, Hughes T L, Zhang S C 2006 Science 314 1757
Google Scholar
[6] Konig M, Wiedmann S, Brune C, Roth A, Buhmann H, Molenkamp L W, Qi X L, Zhang S C 2007 Science 318 766
Google Scholar
[7] Ruan J W, Jian S K, Yao H, Zhang H J, Zhang S C, Xing D Y 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11136
Google Scholar
[8] Leubner P, Lunczer L, Brüne C, Buhmann H, Molenkamp L W 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 086403
Google Scholar
[9] Tomaka G, Grendysa J, Marchewka M, Śliż P, Becker C R, Stadler A, Sheregii E M 2017 Opto-Electron. Rev. 25 188
Google Scholar
[10] Shayegan M, Karrai K, Shkolnikov Y P, Vakili K, de poortere E P, Manus S 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 5235
Google Scholar
[11] Jo I, Mueed M A, Pfeiffer L N, West K W, Baldwin K W, Winkler R, Padmanabhan M, Shayegan M 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 252103
Google Scholar
[12] Koduvayur S P, Lyanda-Geller Y, Khlebnikov S, Csathy G, Manfra M J, Pfeiffer L N, West K W, Rokhinson L P 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 016804
Google Scholar
[13] Habib B, Shabani J, de poortere E P, Shayegan M, Winkler R 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 153304
Google Scholar
[14] Seidl S, Kroner M, Högele A, Karrai K, Warburton R J, Badolato A, Petroff P M 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 203113
Google Scholar
[15] Hui Y Y, Liu X F, Jie W J, Chan N Y, Hao J H, Hsu Y-T, Li L-J, Guo W L, Lau S P 2013 ACS Nano 7 7126
Google Scholar
[16] Tiemann L, Mueller S, Wu Q S, Tschirky T, Ensslin K, Wegscheider W, Troyer M, Soluyanov A A, Ihn T 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 115108
Google Scholar
[17] Wei L M, Gao K H, Liu X Z, Yu G, Wang Q W, Lin T, Guo S L, Wei Y F, Yang J R, He L, Dai N, Chu J H, Austing D G 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 012108
Google Scholar
[18] Palm E C, Szott W, Kobiela P S, Kirk W P, Schiebel R A, Reed M A 1988 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6 2716
Google Scholar
[19] 高矿红, 魏来明, 俞国林, 杨睿, 林铁, 魏彦锋, 杨建荣, 孙雷, 戴宁, 褚君浩 2012 物理学报 61 027301
Gao K H, Wei L M, Yu G L, Yang R, Lin T, Wei Y F, Yang J R, Sun L, Dai N, Chu J H 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 027301
[20] van der Pauw L J 1958 Philips Tech. Rev. 20 220
[21] Capper P, Garland J 2010 Mercury Cadmium Telluride (West Sussex: A John Wiley and Sons Ltd.) pp113–129
[22] van der Burgt M, Karavolas V C, Peeters F M, Singleton J, Nicholas R J, Herlach F, Harris J J, Van Hove M, Borghs G 1995 Phys. Rev. B 52 12218
Google Scholar
[23] 沈丹萍, 张晓东, 孙艳, 康亭亭, 戴宁, 褚君浩, 俞国林 2017 物理学报 66 247301
Google Scholar
Shen D P, Zhang X D, Sun Y, Kang T T, Dai N, Chu J H, Yu G L 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 247301
Google Scholar
[24] Han H, Zhang Y, Gao G Y, Yao K L 2013 Solid State Commun. 153 31
Google Scholar
[25] Gunawan O, Shkolnikov Y P, Vakili K, Gokmen T, de poortere E P, Shayegan M 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 186404
Google Scholar
[26] Ono Y 1982 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 51 237
Google Scholar
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