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优化双色近红外激光及其二次谐波场驱动原子产生孤立阿秒脉冲

杜进旭 王国利 李小勇 周效信

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优化双色近红外激光及其二次谐波场驱动原子产生孤立阿秒脉冲

杜进旭, 王国利, 李小勇, 周效信

Generation of isolated attosecond pulses from atoms driven by optimized two near-infrared pulses and their second harmonic fields

Du Jin-Xu, Wang Guo-Li, Li Xiao-Yong, Zhou Xiao-Xin
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  • 随着激光技术的快速发展, 通过多色激光的相干合成实现波形的调控已成为可能, 这为实现超短孤立的阿秒脉冲输出创造了条件. 本文基于强场近似方法, 优化双色近红外激光与二次谐波场的相干叠加脉冲驱动氖原子产生孤立阿秒脉冲. 研究结果表明, 在双色近红外基础上加入倍频光后, 通过优化激光参数, 能使单原子高次谐波的发射性质得到很大的改善, 在一定能量范围内接近实现无啁啾发射, 从而获得较短的孤立阿秒脉冲. 在考虑了气体的宏观传播效应后, 选择合适的实验条件, 能够产生脉冲宽度达40 as的孤立脉冲. 最后研究了气体压强对高次谐波性质和阿秒脉冲的影响. 该研究可为实验室利用近红外激光脉冲驱动原子获得超短孤立阿秒脉冲提供参考.
    With the rapid development of laser technology, it is possible to control optical waveforms by coherent superposition of electric fields with multiple color components, which creates conditions for generating the ultra-short isolated attosecond pulses (IAP). Based on the strong-field approximation theory, this work focuses on the IAP generated by the optimized multicolor field synthesized by two fundamental near-infrared lasers and their second harmonic fields. The results show that by applying frequency-doubled pulses to the near-infrared laser fields and optimizing the laser parameters, the emission properties of high order harmonics from single atom can be greatly improved, and the nearly attochirp-free harmonic emission can be realized within a certain energy range. As a result, shorter IAPs are obtained. With the consideration of the macroscopic propagation effect of gas, the IAP with a pulse width up to 40 as is generated under appropriate experimental conditions. Finally, the effects of gas pressure on the properties of the high-order harmonic and attosecond pulses are also investigated. This study provides useful theoretical guidance for generating ultra-short IAPs with near-infrared laser pulses in experiment.
      通信作者: 王国利, wanggl@nwnu.edu.cn
    • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11864037, 91850209, 11964033)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Wang Guo-Li, wanggl@nwnu.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11864037, 91850209, 11964033).
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    Popmintchev T, Chen M C, Popmintchev D, Arpin P, Brown S, Alisauskas S, Kapteyn H C 2012 Science 336 1287Google Scholar

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    Takahashi E J, Kanai T, Ishikawa K L, Nabekawa Y, Midorikawa K 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 253901Google Scholar

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    Paul P M, Toma E S, Breger P 2001 Science 292 1689Google Scholar

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    Hentschel M, Kienberger R, Spielmann C 2001 Nature 414 509Google Scholar

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    Mashiko H, Gilbertson S, Li C, Khan S D, Shakya M M, Moon E, Chang Z 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 103906Google Scholar

    [8]

    Schafer K J, Yang B, DiMauro L F, Kulander K C 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1599Google Scholar

    [9]

    Corkum P B 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1994Google Scholar

    [10]

    Goulielmakis E, Schultze M, Hofstetter M, Yakovlev V S, Gagnon J, Uiberacker M, Aquita A L, Gullikson E M, Attwood D T, Kienberger R 2008 Science 320 1614Google Scholar

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    Ferrari F, Calegari F, Lucchini M, Vozzi C, Stagira S, Sansone G, Nisoli M 2010 Nat. Photonics 4 875Google Scholar

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    Vincenti H, Quéré F 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 113904Google Scholar

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    Kim K T, Zhang C, Ruchon T, Hergott J F, Auguste T, Villeneuve D M 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 651Google Scholar

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    杨煜东, 魏志义 2022 光子学报 51 0151109Google Scholar

    Yang Y D, Wei Z Y 2022 Acta Photonica Sinica 51 0151109Google Scholar

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    Corkum P B, Burnett N H, Ivanov M Y 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 1870Google Scholar

    [17]

    Li J, Ren X M, Yin Y C, Zhao K, Chew A, Cunningham E, Wang Y, Hu S Y, Wu Y, Chini M, Chang Z H 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 186

    [18]

    Gaumnitz T, Jain A, Pertot Y, Huppert M, Jordan I, Ardana-Lamas F 2017 Opt. Express 25 27506Google Scholar

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    Wang X W, Wang L, Xiao F, Zhang D W, Lu Z H, Yuan J M, Zhao Z X 2020 Chin. Phys. Lett. 37 023201Google Scholar

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    兰鹏飞, 陆培祥 2021 科学通报 66 847Google Scholar

    Lan P F, Lu P X 2021 Chin. Sci. Bull. 66 847Google Scholar

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    袁浩, 曹华保, 王虎山, 刘鑫, 孙先伟, 王屹山, 赵卫, 付玉喜 2021 科学通报 66 878Google Scholar

    Yuan H, Cao H B, Wang H S, Liu X, Sun X W, Wang Y S, Zhao W, Fu Y X 2021 Chin. Sci. Bull. 66 878Google Scholar

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    Wang G L, Zhou L H, Zhao S F, Zhou X X 2016 Commun. Theor. Phys. 65 601Google Scholar

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    Jin C, Wang G L, Wei H, Le A T, Lin C D 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4003Google Scholar

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    曾志男, 李儒新, 谢新华, 徐至展 2004 物理学报 53 4Google Scholar

    Zeng Z N, Li R X, Xie X H, Xu Z Z 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4Google Scholar

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    Zeng Z, Cheng Y, Song X, Li R, Xu Z 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 203901Google Scholar

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    Lan P, Lu P, Cao W, Li Y, Wang X 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 011402Google Scholar

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    Sansone G, Poletto L, Nisoli M 2011 Nat. Photonics 5 655Google Scholar

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    Du H C, Wang X S, Hu B T 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 084206Google Scholar

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    Ge X L, Xia C L, Liu X S 2012 Laser Phys. 22 1704Google Scholar

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    Qin Y F, Guo F M, Li S Y, Yang Y J, Chen G 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 093205Google Scholar

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    刘胜男, 陈高, 孟健 2012 物理学报 61 14Google Scholar

    Liu S N, Chen G, Meng J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 14Google Scholar

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    Yang K, Du J X, Wang G L, Jiao Z H, Zhao S F, Zhou X X 2022 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39 3Google Scholar

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    Pan Y, Guo F, Jin C, Yang Y J, Ding D J 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 033411Google Scholar

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    Wang J, Chen G, Li S Y, Ding D J, Chen J G, Guo F M, Yang Y J 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 033848Google Scholar

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    Jin C, Le A T, Lin C D 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 023411Google Scholar

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    Balogh E, Bódi B, Tosa V, Goulielmakis E, Varjú K, Dombi P 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 023855Google Scholar

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    Lewenstein M, Balcou P, Ivanov M Y, Huillier L, Corkum P B 1994 Phys. Rev. A 49 2117Google Scholar

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    Lewenstein M, Salieres P, Huillier A L 1995 Phys. Rev. A 52 4747Google Scholar

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    He L, Yuan G, Wang K, Hua W, Yu C, Jin C 2019 Photonics Res. 7 12Google Scholar

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    杜进旭, 王国利, 焦志宏, 赵松峰, 周效信 2021 科学通报 66 949Google Scholar

    Du J X, Wang G L, Jiao Z H, Zhao S F, Zhou X X 2021 Chin. Sci. Bull. 66 949Google Scholar

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  • 图 1  优化双色场(800 nm + 1200 nm)和三色场(800 nm + 1200 nm + 600 nm)产生的高次谐波和阿秒脉冲 (a)优化的激光波形; (b) 两种激光场产生的Ne原子高次谐波谱, 为了观察谐波谱的特征, 对双色场谐波谱做了平移处理, 并给出了谐波谱的乘因子; (c), (d) 双色场和三色场下分别叠加140—190 阶、140—200阶谐波获得的阿秒脉冲; (e), (f) 双色场和三色场产生的谐波所对应的时频分析, 已将数据归一化处理. o.c.表示800 nm激光脉冲的光学周期

    Fig. 1.  The high-order harmonic spectra and attosecond pulses generated by optimized two- (800 nm + 1200 nm) and three-color (800 nm + 1200 nm + 600 nm) laser fields: (a) Optimized laser waveforms; (b) Ne harmonic spectra generated by two laser pluses, the harmonic spectrum of two-color field is shifted for easy observation, and the multiplied factors is indicated; (c), (d) attosecond pulses synthesized from harmonics H140–H190 and H140–H200, driven by two- and three-color fields, respectively; (e), (f) time-frequency analysis of the harmonic spectra generated by optimized two- and three-color field, the data have been normalized. o.c. is the optical cycle of 800 nm laser pulse

    图 2  优化四色场(800 nm + 400 nm + 1200 nm + 600 nm)产生的高次谐波和阿秒脉冲 (a)激光波形; (b)高次谐波谱; (c)叠加120—190阶谐波所获得的阿秒脉冲; (d)谐波所对应的时频分析

    Fig. 2.  The high-order harmonics and attosecond pulses generated by optimized four-color field (800 nm + 400 nm + 1200 nm + 600 nm):(a) Optimized laser waveform; (b) harmonic spectra; (c) attosecond pulses synthesized from harmonics H120-H190; (d) time-frequency analysis of the harmonics

    图 3  优化四色场中电子动力学的经典分析

    Fig. 3.  Classical analysis of electron dynamics in optimized four-color fields

    图 4  优化四色场产生的宏观谐波和阿秒脉冲 (a), (b)分别在近场和远场(z = 500 mm)谐波辐射的空间分布; (c) 利用不同孔径r的圆孔在远场收集到的谐波; (d)叠加不同空间范围105—195阶谐波所获得的阿秒脉冲

    Fig. 4.  The macroscopic harmonics and attosecond pulses generated by optimized four-color fields: (a), (b) The spatial distributions of harmonic emission in the near and far field, respectively; (c) harmonic spectra collected by a circular filter with different aperture r at the far field (z = 500 mm); (d) attosecond pulses synthesized by harmonics H105-H195 from different spatial range

    图 5  优化四色场产生的远场谐波时空分布和小波时频分析 (a)位于远场z = 500 mm处105—195阶谐波发射时间随径向距离的依赖关系; (b) $r=0—0.2$ mm空间范围谐波的时频分析

    Fig. 5.  Spatial distribution and time-frequency wavelet analysis of harmonics generated by optimized four-color fields: (a) The dependence of emission time of harmonics H105–H195 on their spatial distance at the far field z = 500 mm; (b) time-frequency analysis of harmonics from 0 to 0.2 mm

    图 6  优化四色场在不同气体压强下产生的宏观谐波和阿秒脉冲 (a) 在20, 75和100 Torr不同气压下四色场产生的宏观谐波谱; (b), (c)在20 Torr和100 Torr气压下, $ r < 0.2 $ mm空间范围远场谐波的时频分析; (d), (f) 两个压强下分别获得的阿秒脉冲

    Fig. 6.  The macroscopic harmonic and attosecond pulses generated by optimized four-color field at different gas pressures: (a) Macroscopic harmonic spectra at gas pressures of 20, 75 and 100 Torr; (b), (c) time-frequency analysis of harmonics from $ r < 0.2 $ mm at 20 and 100 Torr pressures, respectively; (d), (e) the attosecond pulses synthesized from harmonics at two pressures, respectively

    表 1  激光总强度分别为$ 8.0 I_{0}$, $7.5 I_{0}$$7.0 I_{0}$时优化的双色场、三色场和四色场激光参数($I_{0}=1.0 \times $$ 10^{14} \mathrm{\; W} / \mathrm{cm}^{2}$)

    Table 1.  Optimized laser parameters for two-, three- and four-color fields with total peak intensity of $8.0 I_{0}$, $7.5 I_{0}$ and $7.0 I_{0}$, respectively ($I_{0}=1.0 \times $$ 10^{14} \mathrm{\; W} / \mathrm{cm}^{2}$)

    参数 $I=8.0 I_{0}$$I=7.5 I_{0}$$I=7.0 I_{0}$
    双色场三色场四色场
    $ I_{1} / I_{0} $5.0561.9910.943
    $ I_{2}/ I_{0}$2.9442.6840.757
    $ I_{3}/ I_{0}$2.8251.577
    $ I_{4}/ I_{0}$3.723
    $\lambda_{1}$/nm800.0800.0800.0
    $\lambda_{2}$/nm1200.01200.01200.0
    $\lambda_{3}$/nm600.0600.0
    $\lambda_{4}$/nm400.0
    $\tau_{1}$/fs16.016.016.0
    $\tau_{2}$/fs16.016.019.0
    $\tau_{3}$/fs16.019.0
    $\tau_{4}$/fs16.0
    $\delta_{1}$/fs0.00.00.0
    $\delta_{2}$/fs–0.1360.026–0.389
    $\delta_{3}$/fs0.0920.328
    $\delta_{4}$/fs1.828
    注: 斜体显示的是优化得到的值, 常规字体为优化中固定的参数.
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1]

    Krausz F, Ivanov M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 163Google Scholar

    [2]

    Cousin S L, Silva F, Teichmann S, Hemmer M, Buades B, Biegert J 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 5383Google Scholar

    [3]

    Popmintchev T, Chen M C, Popmintchev D, Arpin P, Brown S, Alisauskas S, Kapteyn H C 2012 Science 336 1287Google Scholar

    [4]

    Takahashi E J, Kanai T, Ishikawa K L, Nabekawa Y, Midorikawa K 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 253901Google Scholar

    [5]

    Paul P M, Toma E S, Breger P 2001 Science 292 1689Google Scholar

    [6]

    Hentschel M, Kienberger R, Spielmann C 2001 Nature 414 509Google Scholar

    [7]

    Mashiko H, Gilbertson S, Li C, Khan S D, Shakya M M, Moon E, Chang Z 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 103906Google Scholar

    [8]

    Schafer K J, Yang B, DiMauro L F, Kulander K C 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1599Google Scholar

    [9]

    Corkum P B 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1994Google Scholar

    [10]

    Goulielmakis E, Schultze M, Hofstetter M, Yakovlev V S, Gagnon J, Uiberacker M, Aquita A L, Gullikson E M, Attwood D T, Kienberger R 2008 Science 320 1614Google Scholar

    [11]

    Ferrari F, Calegari F, Lucchini M, Vozzi C, Stagira S, Sansone G, Nisoli M 2010 Nat. Photonics 4 875Google Scholar

    [12]

    Vincenti H, Quéré F 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 113904Google Scholar

    [13]

    Kim K T, Zhang C, Ruchon T, Hergott J F, Auguste T, Villeneuve D M 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 651Google Scholar

    [14]

    方少波, 魏志义 2019 光学学报 39 0126006Google Scholar

    Fang S B, Wei Z Y 2019 Acta Opt. Sin. 39 0126006Google Scholar

    [15]

    杨煜东, 魏志义 2022 光子学报 51 0151109Google Scholar

    Yang Y D, Wei Z Y 2022 Acta Photonica Sinica 51 0151109Google Scholar

    [16]

    Corkum P B, Burnett N H, Ivanov M Y 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 1870Google Scholar

    [17]

    Li J, Ren X M, Yin Y C, Zhao K, Chew A, Cunningham E, Wang Y, Hu S Y, Wu Y, Chini M, Chang Z H 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 186

    [18]

    Gaumnitz T, Jain A, Pertot Y, Huppert M, Jordan I, Ardana-Lamas F 2017 Opt. Express 25 27506Google Scholar

    [19]

    Wang X W, Wang L, Xiao F, Zhang D W, Lu Z H, Yuan J M, Zhao Z X 2020 Chin. Phys. Lett. 37 023201Google Scholar

    [20]

    兰鹏飞, 陆培祥 2021 科学通报 66 847Google Scholar

    Lan P F, Lu P X 2021 Chin. Sci. Bull. 66 847Google Scholar

    [21]

    袁浩, 曹华保, 王虎山, 刘鑫, 孙先伟, 王屹山, 赵卫, 付玉喜 2021 科学通报 66 878Google Scholar

    Yuan H, Cao H B, Wang H S, Liu X, Sun X W, Wang Y S, Zhao W, Fu Y X 2021 Chin. Sci. Bull. 66 878Google Scholar

    [22]

    Wang G L, Zhou L H, Zhao S F, Zhou X X 2016 Commun. Theor. Phys. 65 601Google Scholar

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    Jin C, Wang G L, Wei H, Le A T, Lin C D 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4003Google Scholar

    [24]

    曾志男, 李儒新, 谢新华, 徐至展 2004 物理学报 53 4Google Scholar

    Zeng Z N, Li R X, Xie X H, Xu Z Z 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4Google Scholar

    [25]

    Zeng Z, Cheng Y, Song X, Li R, Xu Z 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 203901Google Scholar

    [26]

    Lan P, Lu P, Cao W, Li Y, Wang X 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 011402Google Scholar

    [27]

    Sansone G, Poletto L, Nisoli M 2011 Nat. Photonics 5 655Google Scholar

    [28]

    Du H C, Wang X S, Hu B T 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 084206Google Scholar

    [29]

    Ge X L, Xia C L, Liu X S 2012 Laser Phys. 22 1704Google Scholar

    [30]

    Qin Y F, Guo F M, Li S Y, Yang Y J, Chen G 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 093205Google Scholar

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    刘胜男, 陈高, 孟健 2012 物理学报 61 14Google Scholar

    Liu S N, Chen G, Meng J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 14Google Scholar

    [32]

    Yang K, Du J X, Wang G L, Jiao Z H, Zhao S F, Zhou X X 2022 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39 3Google Scholar

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    Pan Y, Guo F, Jin C, Yang Y J, Ding D J 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 033411Google Scholar

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    Wang J, Chen G, Li S Y, Ding D J, Chen J G, Guo F M, Yang Y J 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 033848Google Scholar

    [35]

    Falcao-Filho E L, Lai C J, Hong K H, Gkortsas V M, Huang S W, Chen L J 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 061107Google Scholar

    [36]

    Hadrich S, Klenke A, Rothhardt J, Krebs M, Hoffmann A, Pronin O, Tunnermann A 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 779Google Scholar

    [37]

    Jin C, Le A T, Lin C D 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 023411Google Scholar

    [38]

    Colosimo P, Doumy G, Blaga C I, Wheeler J, Dimauro L F 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 386Google Scholar

    [39]

    王国利, 董小敏, 赵松峰, 周效信 2016 科学通报 61 1808Google Scholar

    Wang G L, Dong X M, Zhao S F, Zhou X X 2016 Chin. Sci. Bull. 61 1808Google Scholar

    [40]

    Hong K H, Lai C J, Gkortsas V M, Huang S W, Moses J, Granados E, Kartner F X 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 043412Google Scholar

    [41]

    Chipperfield L E, Robinson J S, Tisch J W G, Marangos J P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 063003Google Scholar

    [42]

    Balogh E, Bódi B, Tosa V, Goulielmakis E, Varjú K, Dombi P 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 023855Google Scholar

    [43]

    Lewenstein M, Balcou P, Ivanov M Y, Huillier L, Corkum P B 1994 Phys. Rev. A 49 2117Google Scholar

    [44]

    Lewenstein M, Salieres P, Huillier A L 1995 Phys. Rev. A 52 4747Google Scholar

    [45]

    Ammosov M V, Delone N B, Krainov V P 1986 Sov. Phys. JETP 64 1191Google Scholar

    [46]

    Tosa V, Kim H, Kim I, Nam C H 2005 Phys. Rev. A 71 063807Google Scholar

    [47]

    Gaarde M B, Tate J L, Schafer K J 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 132001Google Scholar

    [48]

    He L, Yuan G, Wang K, Hua W, Yu C, Jin C 2019 Photonics Res. 7 12Google Scholar

    [49]

    Wirth A, Hassan M Th. Grguras I, Gagnon J, Moulet A, Luu T T, Goulielmakis E 2011 Science 334 195Google Scholar

    [50]

    Yang Y, Mainz R E, Rossi G M, Scheiba F, Silva-Toledo M A, Keathley P D, Kartner F X 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 6641Google Scholar

    [51]

    杜进旭, 王国利, 焦志宏, 赵松峰, 周效信 2021 科学通报 66 949Google Scholar

    Du J X, Wang G L, Jiao Z H, Zhao S F, Zhou X X 2021 Chin. Sci. Bull. 66 949Google Scholar

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-07-11
  • 修回日期:  2022-08-05
  • 上网日期:  2022-11-17
  • 刊出日期:  2022-12-05

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