磁序与拓扑的耦合: 从基础物理到拓扑磁电子学

刘恩克

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231711

摘要

磁学与拓扑物理是两大较为成熟的学科, 二者的结合是新一代磁电子学的需求和基础. 磁性拓扑材料是磁序与拓扑物理耦合的重要产物, 为新兴的拓扑物理提供了材料载体和调控自由度. 磁性外尔半金属实现了时间反演对称破缺下的外尔费米子拓扑物态, 通过拓扑增强的贝利曲率产生了一系列新奇的磁/电/热/光效应; 而外尔电子与磁序的相互作用也使得拓扑电子物理有望成为磁电子学应用的新原理和驱动力. 当前, 新物态与新效应的发现是磁性拓扑材料第一阶段的主要任务和特征, 而动量空间拓扑电子与实空间磁序的相互作用已经开始进入人们的视野. 这两个阶段的深入发展, 将为拓扑磁电子学积累必要的物理基础和应用尝试. 本文着眼于磁性拓扑材料发展的两个阶段, 讲述磁性拓扑材料的提出和实现、均一磁序下的拓扑电子态及新奇物性、局域磁态与拓扑电子的相互作用3个方面, 阐述当前领域内的热点内容和发展趋势, 并对拓扑磁电子学的未来发展进行了思考和展望, 以助力未来拓扑自旋量子器件的快速发展.

关键词:

Abstract

Magnetism and topological physics are both well-developed disciplines, and their combination is a demand and foundation for the development of next-generation magneto-electronics. Magnetic topological materials are important products of coupling between magnetic order and topological physics, providing material carrier and regulatory degrees of freedom for novel topological physics. Magnetic Weyl semimetals realize Weyl fermion states under time-reversal symmetry breaking, leading to a host of novel magnetic, electric, thermal, and optical effects through enhanced Berry curvature originating from topology. The interaction between Weyl electrons and magnetic order also establishes topological electronic physics as a new principle and driving force for magneto-electronic applications. At present, the primary task and characteristic of the first development stage of magnetic topological materials is to discover new states and effects, while the understanding of interaction between topologically nontrivial electrons in momentum space and magnetic order in real space has received attention of researchers. The comprehensive advances of these two stages will accumulate the physical foundation and application explorations for topological magneto-electronics. This paper focuses on the two development stages of magnetic topological materials and discusses three aspects: (i) proposal and realization of strategy for magnetic topological materials; (ii) exploration of electronic states with nontrivial topology under uniform magnetic order and their associated novel physical properties; (iii) the interaction between localized magnetic states and topological electrons. It provides an in-depth discussion on current hot topics and development trends in the field, and future development in topological magneto-electronics, thereby assisting in the future development of topological spin quantum devices.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

刘恩克

中国科学院物理研究所, 磁学国家重点实验室, 北京　100190

通信作者: 刘恩克, ekliu@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2022YFA1403800, 2019YFA0704900)、国家自然科学基金基础科学中心(批准号: 52088101)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11974394)、中科院战略性先导科技专项B类 (批准号: XDB33000000)和中国科学院依托大科学装置开展建制化科研(SECUF)项目资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Liu En-Ke

State Key Laboratory for Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China

Corresponding author: Liu En-Ke, ekliu@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant Nos. 2022YFA1403800, 2019YFA0704900), the Fundamental Science Center of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52088101), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11974394), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. XDB33000000), and the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

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施引文献

图 1 磁性拓扑材料及其物性自由度

Fig. 1. Magnetic topological material and the degrees of freedom of physical properties.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于磁性拓扑物理与材料的丰富物性

Fig. 2. Rich effects based on the magnetic topological semimetal.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 磁性外尔体系中磁畴壁上产生的轴向电磁场 (E₅, B₅)及诱发的霍尔电流j^(H)^[45]

Fig. 3. Schematic showing the axial electromagnetic fields (E₅, B₅) and the Weyl-induced Hall current j^(H), along with a Néel domain wall moving with velocity V_DW^[45].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 动量空间拓扑电子态与实空间非平庸磁态的耦合与作用

Fig. 4. Coupling and interaction between momentum-space topological electronic states and real-space nontrivial magnetic states.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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磁序与拓扑的耦合: 从基础物理到拓扑磁电子学