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微牛级会切霍尔推力器是一种微波辅助电离调控的电推进装置，作为无拖曳控制系统的执行机构，通过宽范围连续调节推力来保障控制精度与稳定性。但调节过程中会发生模式转换导致阳极电流突变，降低控制精度和稳定性。因此，有必要对模式转换发生的规律进行研究。本文通过探针诊断等方式，研究了微波模式转换前后推力器内部等离子体参数与放电特性的变化规律。实验结果显示，模式转换前，等离子体亮区主要集中于阳极前端约1–3 mm处的电子回旋共振区域；转换后，亮区向上游移动，近阳极区等离子体密度超过截止密度，沿轴向急剧下降。等离子体密度变化改变基本波的传输特性是电子加热方式发生改变的根本原因。等离子体密度上升至截止密度时，驱动电离的R波与O波迅速衰减或被反射。此时R波无法到达共振面，主导的ECR电离失效。R波-O波主导电离变为O波主导电离，电子加热机制从体加热向表面波加热过渡。本文的研究将为后续优化推力器微波传输，降低模式转换发生的阈值提供依据。
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关键词:
- 会切霍尔推力器 /
- 模式转换 /
- 探针诊断 /
- 波与等离子体相互作用
The micro-newton cusped field Hall thruster is an electric propulsion device that employs microwave-assisted ionization control. It serves as an actuator in drag-free control systems, ensuring control accuracy and stability by providing continuously adjustable thrust over a wide range. However, a mode transition occurring during the regulation process can lead to a sudden change in anode current, degrading control precision and stability. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the underlying patterns of mode transition. This study examines the variations in internal plasma parameters and discharge characteristics of the thruster before and after microwave mode transition, primarily through probe diagnostics.Experimental results indicate that before the mode transition, the plasma luminous region is primarily concentrated within the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) area, approximately 1-3 mm upstream of the anode. After the transition, the luminous region moves further upstream, and the plasma density near the anode exceeds the cutoff density, dropping sharply along the axial direction. The fundamental cause of the change in electron heating mechanism is the alteration in the propagation characteristics of fundamental waves due to this plasma density variation.When the plasma density rises to the cutoff density, the R-wave and O-wave, which drive ionization, are rapidly attenuated or reflected. At this point, the R-wave cannot reach the resonance layer, causing the dominant ECR ionization to become ineffective. The ionization mechanism shifts from being dominated by the R-wave and O-wave to being dominated primarily by the O-wave. Consequently, the electron heating mechanism transitions from volume heating to surface wave heating. This research will provide a basis for subsequent optimization of microwave transmission in the thruster and for reducing the threshold at which mode transition occurs.-
Keywords:
- cusped field hall thruster /
- mode transition /
- probe diagnostics /
- Wave-Plasma Interactions
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