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中国物理学会期刊

极浅海环境中动平台成像声呐界面混响建模与分析

Modeling and Analyzing of Interface Reverberations for Moving-Platform Imaging Sonar in Very Shallow Water Environments

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  • 极浅海环境中小目标成像声呐受到密集多途和强界面散射的不利影响,难以准确发现水下小目标.为精准刻画极浅海动平台条件下小目标成像声呐的界面混响特性,建立了包含海底、海面混响的界面混响模型.该模型将极浅海声传播、界面散射、声呐平台运动等物理过程紧密结合,使用射线理论计算高频声传播过程,使用单元散射和小斜率近似界面散射计算海底、海面声散射过程,以海深、平台航速、成像距离、声呐垂直开角为输入,给出了极浅海密集多途条件下的混响统计特性.数值仿真和试验数据分析结果表明,极浅海界面混响包络的统计特性主要受水深、成像距离、垂直开角的影响;极浅海密集多途的存在使得界面混响包络趋向于服从瑞利分布,也会通过路径叠加增强混响信号在时间维度上的相关性,而平台航速对混响时域统计特性影响较小;随着成像距离的增加,界面散射中的多途成分更加丰富,使得界面混响包络更趋向于服从瑞利分布;随着垂直开角的增加,界面混响包络逐渐从K分布转变为瑞利分布.

     

    An imaging sonar in very shallow water environments faces significant challenges in accurately detecting underwater small targets due to the adverse effects of dense multipath propagation and strong interface reverberations. To accurately characterize the interface reverberation characteristics of the imaging sonar under moving platform conditions in the very shallow water, an interface reverberation model incorporating both the sea surface and the seabed reverberation was established. This model integrates physical processes such as the acoustic propagation in the very shallow water, the sea bottom and surface scattering, and the sonar platform motion. Ray theory is employed to calculate the high-frequency acoustic propagation, while the unit scattering and the small slope approximation (SSA) are used to compute the sea bottom and surface scattering processes. Taking the water depth, the platform speed, the imaging range, and the vertical beamwidth as inputs, the model yields the statistical characteristics of the reverberation under the dense multipath conditions in the very shallow water. Results from numerical simulations and experimental data analyses indicate that the statistical characteristics of the envelope of the interface reverberation in very shallow water are primarily influenced by the water depth, the imaging range, and the vertical beamwidth. The presence of dense multipaths in the very shallow water causes the interface reverberation envelope to tend towards the Rayleigh distribution and enhances the temporal correlation of the reverberation through superposition of dense multipaths. And the platform speed has little impact on the statistical characteristics of the reverberation except for the Doppler shift caused by the relative motion. Furthermore, as the imaging range increases, the multipath components in interface reverberations become richer, causing the interface reverberation envelope to conform more closely to the Rayleigh distribution. Additionally, as the vertical beamwidth increases, the interface reverberation envelope gradually transitions from the K-distribution to the Rayleigh distribution.

     

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