High-performance THz emission: From topological insulator to topological spintronics

Wang Hang-Tian; Zhao Hai-Hui; Wen Liang-Gong; Wu Xiao-Jun; Nie Tian-Xiao; Zhao Wei-Sheng

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200680

Abstract

Ferromagnet/nonmagnet (FM/NM) heterostructure under the excitation of femtosecond laser has proved to be a potential candidate for high-efficiency terahertz (THz) emission. Topological insulator (TI) is a novel two-dimensional (2D) material with a strong spin-orbital coupling, which endows this material with an extremely large spin-Hall angle. Thus, TI appears to be an attractive alternative to achieving higher-performance spintronic THz emitter when integrated with ferromagnetic material. In this paper, we discuss the ultrafast photocurrent response mechanism in TI film on the basis of the analysis of its crystal and band structures. The discussion of the mechanism reveals a relationship between THz radiation and external conditions, such as crystal orientation, polarized direction and chirality of the laser. Furthermore, we review the spintronic THz emission and manipulation in FM/NM heterostructure. The disclosed relationship between THz radiation and magnetization directions enables an effective control of the THz polarization by optimizing the system, such as by applying twisted magnetic field or fabricating cascade emitters. After integration, the FM/TI heterostructure presents a high efficiency and easy operation in THz radiation. This high-performance topological spintronic THz emitter presents a potential for the achievement of arbitrary polarization-shaping terahertz radiation.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Fert Beijing Institute, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2.
Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266000, China
3.
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Corresponding author: Nie Tian-Xiao, nietianxiao@buaa.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB0407602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61774013, 11644004), and the National Key Technology Program of China (Grant No. 2017ZX01032101)

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Jin Z, Mics Z, Ma G, Cheng Z, Bonn M, Turchinovich D 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 094422 Google Scholar
[2]	Tonouchi M 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 97 Google Scholar
[3]	Nagatsuma T, Ducournau G, Renaud C C 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 371 Google Scholar
[4]	Sirtori C 2002 Nature 417 132 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhang B, He T, Shen J, Hou Y, Hu Y, Zang M, Chen T, Feng S, Teng F, Qin L 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 6110 Google Scholar
[6]	Kawase K, Sato M, Taniuchi T, Ito H 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 2483 Google Scholar
[7]	Winnewisser C, Jepsen P U, Schall M, Schyja V, Helm H 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 3069 Google Scholar
[8]	Han P Y, Tani M, Pan F, Zhang X C 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 675 Google Scholar
[9]	Kawase K, Hatanaka T, Takahashi H, Nakamura K, Taniuchi T, Ito H 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 1714 Google Scholar
[10]	Nahata A, Weling A S, Heinz T F 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 2321 Google Scholar
[11]	Matsuura S, Tani M, Sakai K 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 559 Google Scholar
[12]	施卫, 闫志巾 2015 物理学报 64 228702 Google Scholar Shi W, Yan Z J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 228702 Google Scholar
[13]	Kumar N, Hendrikx R W A, Adam A J L, Planken P C M 2015 Opt. Express 23 14252 Google Scholar
[14]	Gorelov S, Mashkovich E, Tsarev M, Bakunov M 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 220411 Google Scholar
[15]	Mikhaylovskiy R, Hendry E, Kruglyak V, Pisarev R, Rasing T, Kimel A 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 184405 Google Scholar
[16]	Beaurepaire E, Turner G M, Harrel S M, Beard M C, Bigot J Y, Schmuttenmaer C A 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 3465 Google Scholar
[17]	Hilton D J, Averitt R D, Meserole C A, Fisher G L, Funk D J, Thompson J D, Taylor A J 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1805 Google Scholar
[18]	Shen J, Fan X, Chen Z, DeCamp M F, Zhang H, Xiao J Q 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 072401 Google Scholar
[19]	Kampfrath T, Battiato M, Maldonado P, Eilers G, Nötzold J, Mährlein S, Zbarsky V, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y, Blügel S, Wolf M, Radu I, Oppeneer P M, Münzenberg M 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 256 Google Scholar
[20]	Seifert T, Jaiswal S, Martens U, Hannegan J, Braun L, Maldonado P, Freimuth F, Kronenberg A, Henrizi J, Radu I, Beaurepaire E, Mokrousov Y, Oppeneer P M, Jourdan M, Jakob G, Turchinovich D, Hayden L M, Wolf M, Münzenberg M, Kläui M, Kampfrath T 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 483 Google Scholar
[21]	Wang B, Shan S, Wu X, Wang C, Pandey C, Nie T, Zhao W, Li Y, Miao J, Wang L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 121104 Google Scholar
[22]	Chen X, Wu X, Shan S, Guo F, Kong D, Wang C, Nie T, Pandey C, Wen L, Zhao W, Ruan C, Miao J, Li Y, Wang L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 221104 Google Scholar
[23]	Bernevig B A, Hughes T L, Zhang S C 2006 Science 314 1757 Google Scholar
[24]	Fu L, Kane C L, Mele E J 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 106803 Google Scholar
[25]	Moore J E, Balents L 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 121306 Google Scholar
[26]	Roy R 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 195322 Google Scholar
[27]	Fu L, Kane C L 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 045302 Google Scholar
[28]	Xia Y, Qian D, Hsieh D, Wray L, Pal A, Lin H, Bansil A, Grauer D, Hor Y S, Cava R J 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 398 Google Scholar
[29]	Hsieh D, Xia Y, Qian D, Wray L, Dil J H, Meier F, Osterwalder J, Patthey L, Checkelsky J G, Ong N P, Fedorov A V, Lin H, Bansil A, Grauer D, Hor Y S, Cava R J, Hasan M Z 2009 Nature 460 1101 Google Scholar
[30]	König M, Wiedmann S, Brüne C, Roth A, Buhmann H, Molenkamp L W, Qi X L, Zhang S C 2007 Science 318 766 Google Scholar
[31]	Chang C Z, Zhang J, Feng X, Shen J, Zhang Z, Guo M, Li K, Ou Y, Wei P, Wang L L, Ji Z Q, Feng Y, Ji S, Chen X, Jia J, Dai X, Fang Z, Zhang S C, He K, Wang Y, Lu L, Ma X C, Xue Q K 2013 Science 340 167 Google Scholar
[32]	He Q L, Pan L, Stern A L, Burks E C, Che X, Yin G, Wang J, Lian B, Zhou Q, Choi E S, Murata K, Kou X, Chen Z, Nie T, Shao Q, Fan Y, Zhang S C, Liu K, Xia J, Wang K L 2017 Science 357 294 Google Scholar
[33]	Hsieh D, Qian D, Wray L, Xia Y, Hor Y S, Cava R J, Hasan M Z 2008 Nature 452 970 Google Scholar
[34]	Li Y, Edmonds K W, Liu X, Zheng H, Wang K 2019 Adv. Quantum Technol. 2 1800052 Google Scholar
[35]	Khang N H D, Ueda Y, Hai P N 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 808 Google Scholar
[36]	Ganichev S D, Ketterl H, Prettl W, Ivchenko E L, Vorobjev L E 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3146 Google Scholar
[37]	Ganichev S D, Prettl W 2003 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 R935 Google Scholar
[38]	Liu C X, Qi X L, Zhang H, Dai X, Fang Z, Zhang S C 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 045122 Google Scholar
[39]	Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 226801 Google Scholar
[40]	Che X, Murata K, Pan L, He Q L, Yu G, Shao Q, Yin G, Deng P, Fan Y, Ma B, Liang X, Zhang B, Han X, Bi L, Yang Q H, Zhang H, Wang K L 2018 ACS Nano 12 5042 Google Scholar
[41]	He L, Kou X, Wang K L 2013 Phys. Status Solidi RRL 7 50 Google Scholar
[42]	Hamh S Y, Park S H, Han J, Jeon J H, Kahng S J, Kim S, Choi S H, Bansal N, Oh S, Park J, Kim J S, Kim J M, Noh D Y, Lee J S 2015 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 10 1 Google Scholar
[43]	Pan Z H, Fedorov A, Gardner D, Lee Y S, Chu S, Valla T 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 187001 Google Scholar
[44]	Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 146802 Google Scholar
[45]	Wu H, Xu Y, Deng P, Pan Q, Razavi S A, Wong K, Huang L, Dai B, Shao Q, Yu G, Han X, Rojas-Sánchez J C, Mangin S, Wang K L 2019 Adv. Mater 31 1901681 Google Scholar
[46]	Wang Y, Deorani P, Banerjee K, Koirala N, Brahlek M, Oh S, Yang H 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 257202 Google Scholar
[47]	Zhu L G, Kubera B, Mak K F, Shan J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 10308 Google Scholar
[48]	Hamh S Y, Park S H, Jerng S K, Jeon J H, Chun S H, Lee J S 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 161405 Google Scholar
[49]	Fang Z, Wang H, Wu X, Shan S, Wang C, Zhao H, Xia C, Nie T, Miao J, Zhang C, Zhao W, Wang L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 191102 Google Scholar
[50]	Liu K, Xu J, Yuan T, Zhang X C 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 155330 Google Scholar
[51]	Seifert P, Vaklinova K, Kern K, Burghard M, Holleitner A 2017 Nano Lett. 17 973 Google Scholar
[52]	Duan J, Tang N, He X, Yan Y, Zhang S, Qin X, Wang X, Yang X, Xu F, Chen Y 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 4889 Google Scholar
[53]	Kastl C, Karnetzky C, Karl H, Holleitner A W 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6617 Google Scholar
[54]	McIver J W, Hsieh D, Steinberg H, Jarillo-Herrero P, Gedik N 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 96 Google Scholar
[55]	Braun L, Mussler G, Hruban A, Konczykowski M, Schumann T, Wolf M, Münzenberg M, Perfetti L, Kampfrath T 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13259 Google Scholar
[56]	Tu C M, Chen Y C, Huang P, Chuang P Y, Lin M Y, Cheng C M, Lin J Y, Juang J Y, Wu K H, Huang J C A, Pong W F, Kobayashi T, Luo C W 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 195407 Google Scholar
[57]	Belinicher V I, Sturman B I 1980 Phys.-Usp. 23 199 Google Scholar
[58]	Junck A, Refael G, von Oppen F 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 075144 Google Scholar
[59]	Maysonnave J, Huppert S, Wang F, Maero S, Berger C, de Heer W, Norris T B, de Vaulchier L A, Dhillon S, Tignon J, Ferreira R, Mangeney J 2014 Nano Lett. 14 5797 Google Scholar
[60]	Obraztsov P A, Kaplas T, Garnov S V, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Obraztsov A N, Svirko Y P 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 4007 Google Scholar
[61]	Karch J, Olbrich P, Schmalzbauer M, et al. 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 227402 Google Scholar
[62]	Bahk Y M, Ramakrishnan G, Choi J, Song H, Choi G, Kim Y H, Ahn K J, Kim D S, Planken P C M 2014 ACS Nano 8 9089 Google Scholar
[63]	Hamh S Y, Park S H, Han J, Jeon J H, Kahng S J, Kim S, Choi S H, Bansal N, Oh S, Park J 2015 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 10 489 Google Scholar
[64]	Tu C M, Yeh T T, Tzeng W Y, Chen Y R, Chen H J, Ku S A, Luo C W, Lin J Y, Wu K H, Juang J Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 14128 Google Scholar
[65]	Hosur P 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 035309 Google Scholar
[66]	Olbrich P, Golub L, Herrmann T, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 096601 Google Scholar
[67]	Gao Y, Kaushik S, Philip E, Li Z, Qin Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Su Y, Chen X, Weng H 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 720 Google Scholar
[68]	Wang X, Cheng L, Zhu D, Wu Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Zhao D, Boothroyd C B, Lam Y M, Zhu J X, Battiato M, Song J C W, Yang H, Chia E E M 2018 Adv. Mater 30 1802356 Google Scholar
[69]	Bosu S, Sakuraba Y, Uchida KI, Saito K, Ota T, Saitoh E, Takanashi K 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 224401 Google Scholar
[70]	Jaworski C M, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom D D, Heremans J P, Myers R C 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 898 Google Scholar
[71]	Battiato M, Carva K, Oppeneer P M 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 024404 Google Scholar
[72]	Kimura T, Otani Y, Sato T, Takahashi S, Maekawa S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 156601 Google Scholar
[73]	Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Ieda J, Koshibae W, Ando K, Maekawa S, Saitoh E 2008 Nature 455 778 Google Scholar
[74]	Seifert T S, Jaiswal S, Barker J, Weber S T, Razdolski I, Cramer J, Gueckstock O, Maehrlein S F, Nadvornik L, Watanabe S 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1 Google Scholar
[75]	Rudolf D, La-O-Vorakiat C, Battiato M, et al. 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1037 Google Scholar
[76]	Eschenlohr A, Battiato M, Maldonado P, Pontius N, Kachel T, Holldack K, Mitzner R, Föhlisch A, Oppeneer P M, Stamm C 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 332 Google Scholar
[77]	Battiato M, Carva K, Oppeneer P M 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 027203 Google Scholar
[78]	Bennemann K H 2004 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16 R995 Google Scholar
[79]	Kirilyuk A, Kimel A V, Rasing T 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 2731 Google Scholar
[80]	Sasaki Y, Suzuki K Z, Mizukami S 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 102401 Google Scholar
[81]	Torosyan G, Keller S, Scheuer L, Beigang R, Papaioannou E T 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 1311 Google Scholar
[82]	Wu Y, Elyasi M, Qiu X, Chen M, Liu Y, Ke L, Yang H 2017 Adv.Mater 29 1603031 Google Scholar
[83]	Zhou X, Song B, Chen X, You Y, Ruan S, Bai H, Zhang W, Ma G, Yao J, Pan F 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 182402 Google Scholar
[84]	Hibberd M, Lake D, Johansson N, Thomson T, Jamison S, Graham D 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 031101 Google Scholar
[85]	Kong D, Wu X, Wang B, Nie T, Xiao M, Pandey C, Gao Y, Wen L, Zhao W, Ruan C, Miao J, Li Y, Wang L 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900487 Google Scholar
[86]	Pai C F, Liu L, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 122404 Google Scholar
[87]	Liu L, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Science 336 555 Google Scholar
[88]	Wang Y, Zhu D, Wu Y, Yang Y, Yu J, Ramaswamy R, Mishra R, Shi S, Elyasi M, Teo K L 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1 Google Scholar
[89]	Kubota H, Fukushima A, Yakushiji K, Nagahama T, Yuasa S, Ando K, Maehara H, Nagamine Y, Tsunekawa K, Djayaprawira D D 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 37 Google Scholar
[90]	Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph D, Buhrman R 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 036601 Google Scholar
[91]	Mellnik A R, Lee J S, Richardella A, Grab J L, Mintun P J, Fischer M H, Vaezi A, Manchon A, Kim E A, Samarth N, Ralph D C 2014 Nature 511 449 Google Scholar
[92]	Fan Y, Upadhyaya P, Kou X, Lang M, Takei S, Wang Z, Tang J, He L, Chang L T, Montazeri M 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 699 Google Scholar
[93]	Kekatpure R D, Brongersma M L 2008 Nano Lett. 8 3787 Google Scholar
[94]	Chen J, Qin H J, Yang F, Liu J, Guan T, Qu F M, Zhang G H, Shi J R, Xie X C, Yang C L, Wu K H, Li Y Q, Lu L 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 176602 Google Scholar
[95]	Jauregui L A, Pettes M T, Rokhinson L P, Shi L, Chen Y P 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 8452 Google Scholar
[96]	Souma S, Eto K, Nomura M, Nakayama K, Sato T, Takahashi T, Segawa K, Ando Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 116801 Google Scholar
[97]	Wang Z, Lin T, Wei P, Liu X, Dumas R, Liu K, Shi J 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 159903 Google Scholar
[98]	Pan Y, Wang Q Z, Yeats A L, Pillsbury T, Flanagan T C, Richardella A, Zhang H, Awschalom D D, Liu C X, Samarth N 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1037 Google Scholar
[99]	Luo C W, Chen H J, Tu C M, Lee C C, Ku S A, Tzeng W Y, Yeh T T, Chiang M C, Wang H J, Chu W C 2013 Adv. Opt. Mater. 1 804 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 Bi₂Se₃的晶体结构　(a) 三维晶体结构, $ {{t}}_{{1, 2}, 3} $代表晶胞的基矢, 红色框标注的是Bi₂Se₃的QL层; (b) Bi₂Se₃的布里渊区; (c) 在xy平面内, 三角形的晶格结构有A, B, C三种可能的结构^[38]

Figure 1. The crystal structure of Bi₂Se₃: (a) 3D schematic of the structure, where $ {{t}}_{{1, 2}, 3} $ present the primitive lattice vector; (b) Brillioun zone of Bi₂Se₃; (c) the xy-plane triangle lattice has three possible positions A, B and C^[38].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 ARPES能谱测量的Bi₂Se₃的表面能带结构^[43]

Figure 2. ARPES measurements of surface electronic band of Bi₂Se₃^[43].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 线偏振激光激发下拓扑绝缘体中的超快光电流效应　(a) 分离出的非线性效应产生的太赫兹电场随方位角的变化; (b) 不同效应产生的太赫兹分量在合成太赫兹辐射中的占比^[49]

Figure 3. Separation of the photo-currents in topological insulator excited by linear femtosecond laser pulse: (a) The derived terahertz signals due to nonlinear currents as a function of azimuthal angle; (b) the extracted terahertz electric field generated by different effects^[49].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a), (b) 样品方位角$ \phi =30^ \circ $, 在左旋和右旋圆极化光激发下, 时域和频域下Bi₂Se₃产生的太赫兹信号; (c) 太赫兹幅值随激光偏振态的变化关系, 其中蓝色曲线代表时域信号, 黄色曲线代表频域信号^[48]

Figure 4. (a), (b) THz signals emitted from Bi₂Se₃ in time and frequency domains under illumination of left- and right- handed circularly polarized light where the azimuth $ \phi =30^ \circ $; (c) THz-wave amplitudes as a function of the polarity of pump laser in time (blue curves) and frequency domains (yellow curves)^[48].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) Seifert等^[74]使用的YIG/Pt异质结构; (b) 在YIG/Pt中插入1.9 nm的铜, 由于自旋注入被阻隔, 太赫兹信号减弱^[74]; (c) Wu等^[82]使用的W/Co异质结构; (d) W/Co异质结构的太赫兹发射强度接近于500 μm的ZnTe晶体^[82]

Figure 5. (a) The YIG/Pt heterostructure used by Seifert. et al.^[74]; (b) after 1.9 nm Cu insertion, the THz field intensity deteriorates because the spin injection is impaired^[74]; (c) the Co/W heterostructure used by Wu et al.^[82]; (d) the THz waves emitted from Co/W have a peak intensity exceeding that of ZnTe crystals^[82].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a) 在异质结上施加手性相反的螺旋外磁场可以改变出射太赫兹波的手性; (b) 图(a)的利萨如曲线, 其中$ {\sigma }^{+} $与$ {\sigma }^{-} $分别代表左旋与右旋极化的太赫兹信号^[85]; (c), (d) Chen等^[22]设计的级联太赫兹发射器, 两级发射器铁磁层的磁化方向与入射光方向两两正交, 通过控制出射太赫兹的相位差和振幅, 可以在时域获得合成的圆偏振信号; (e), (f) Wang等^[21]使用的双抽运自旋太赫兹发射器, 通过改变脉冲时延可以调控出射太赫兹的时域信号

Figure 6. (a) Manipulation of the terahertz chirality by changing the twisted magnetic field distribution; (b) the Lissajous curves of the THz signals of (a), where $ {\sigma }^{+} $ and $ {\sigma }^{-} $ present the signals with left-hand and right-hand polarity^[85]; (c), (d) the cascade spintronic terahertz emitter designed by Chen et al.^[22], a circularly polarized terahertz waves could be obtained by controlling the phase difference between two stage terahertz and their amplitude; (e), (f) dual-pulses induced terahertz emitter reported by Wang et al.^[21], the frequency could be manipulated by changing the delay time between two pump laser pulses.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 (a) ST-FMR测试示意图, 使用信号发生器(SG)给样品施加一个射频电流, 通过测试样品的电压信号计算拓扑绝缘体的自旋霍尔角; (b) 异质结中的磁矩进动过程^[88]

Figure 7. (a) The schematic diagram of the ST-FMR measurement setup, an RF current from a signal generator (SG) is injected into the devices; (b) magnetization movements in the ST-FMR measurements^[88].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a) Bi₂Se₃/Co异质结构示意图; (b) 用飞秒激光分别激发Bi₂Se₃/Co, Co, Bi₂Se₃产生的太赫兹信号; (c) 改变入射方向与面内磁场方向后, 异质结发射的太赫兹极性反转^[68]

Figure 8. (a) The schematic diagram of the Bi₂Se₃/Co heterostructure; (b) THz waveforms generated from Bi₂Se₃/Co, Co and Bi₂Se₃; (c) THz waveforms emitted from the heterostructure measured with front and back sample excitation and reversed magnetic field^[68].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 (a) Pan等人制备的顶电极器件, 其中Al₂O₃作为介电层, ITO作为电极材料; (b) (Bi_xSb_1–_x)₂Se₃薄膜的光电流与纵向电阻随电压的变化情况^[98]

Figure 9. (a) The Schematic diagram of the top-gate device prepared by Pan et al, where the Al₂O₃ is dielectric layer while the ITO serves as top gate material; (b) the gate-dependent longitudinal resistance and nonlinear current in (Bi_xSb_1–_x)₂Se₃ film^[98].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 拓扑绝缘体中的超快光电流与晶体取向ϕ, 入射角θ, 激光偏振态的依赖关系^[56]

Table 1. The details of the dependences of CPGE, LPGE, PDE, and OR on $ \phi $, $ \theta $, and $ \alpha $^[56].

非线性效应	晶体方向$ \phi $	入射角($ \theta \to -\theta $)	1/4波片转角$ \alpha $
CPGE	来源于表面态	极性反转	2$ \alpha $-周期
	与$ \phi $无关		$ \mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\left(2\alpha \right) $
LPGE	来源于表面态	极性反转	4$ \alpha $-周期
	$ \phi $依赖		$ \mathrm{s}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\left(4\alpha \right) $
PDE	$ \phi $依赖	极性反转	4$ \alpha $-周期
			$\cos4\alpha$
OR	$ \phi $依赖	极性不反转	4$ \alpha $-周期
			$ \mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}\left(4\alpha \right) $

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 拓扑绝缘体与几种重金属材料的自旋霍尔角^[35]

Table 2. Spin Hall angles of several topological insulators and common heavy metals^[35]

Material	$ {\theta }_{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{H}} $
Ta	0.15
W	0.40
Pt	0.08
Bi₂Se₃	2.00—3.50
Bi_xSe_1–x	18.80
Bi_xSb_1–x	52.00

DownLoad: CSV

表 3 不同载流子浓度下Bi₂Se₃辐射的太赫兹峰值强度^[99]

Table 3. Carrier concentration and THz peak amplitude for Bi₂Se₃ films^[99]

编号	材料	载流子浓度/ 10¹⁸ cm^–3	太赫兹峰值/ mV·cm^–1
1	Bi₂Se₃	–75.5	1.24
2	Bi₂Se₃	–34.6	7.75
3	Bi₂Se₃	–31	5.27
4	Bi₂Se₃	–15.6	11.10
5	Cu_0.02Bi₂Se₃	–3.66	54.39
6	Cu_0.08Bi₂Se₃	–4.23	55.77
7	Cu_0.1Bi₂Se₃	–1.96	39.37
8	Cu_0.125Bi₂Se₃	–1.17	52.32

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Jin Z, Mics Z, Ma G, Cheng Z, Bonn M, Turchinovich D 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 094422 Google Scholar
[2]	Tonouchi M 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 97 Google Scholar
[3]	Nagatsuma T, Ducournau G, Renaud C C 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 371 Google Scholar
[4]	Sirtori C 2002 Nature 417 132 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhang B, He T, Shen J, Hou Y, Hu Y, Zang M, Chen T, Feng S, Teng F, Qin L 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 6110 Google Scholar
[6]	Kawase K, Sato M, Taniuchi T, Ito H 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 2483 Google Scholar
[7]	Winnewisser C, Jepsen P U, Schall M, Schyja V, Helm H 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 3069 Google Scholar
[8]	Han P Y, Tani M, Pan F, Zhang X C 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 675 Google Scholar
[9]	Kawase K, Hatanaka T, Takahashi H, Nakamura K, Taniuchi T, Ito H 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 1714 Google Scholar
[10]	Nahata A, Weling A S, Heinz T F 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 2321 Google Scholar
[11]	Matsuura S, Tani M, Sakai K 1997 Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 559 Google Scholar
[12]	施卫, 闫志巾 2015 物理学报 64 228702 Google Scholar Shi W, Yan Z J 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 228702 Google Scholar
[13]	Kumar N, Hendrikx R W A, Adam A J L, Planken P C M 2015 Opt. Express 23 14252 Google Scholar
[14]	Gorelov S, Mashkovich E, Tsarev M, Bakunov M 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 220411 Google Scholar
[15]	Mikhaylovskiy R, Hendry E, Kruglyak V, Pisarev R, Rasing T, Kimel A 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 184405 Google Scholar
[16]	Beaurepaire E, Turner G M, Harrel S M, Beard M C, Bigot J Y, Schmuttenmaer C A 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 3465 Google Scholar
[17]	Hilton D J, Averitt R D, Meserole C A, Fisher G L, Funk D J, Thompson J D, Taylor A J 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1805 Google Scholar
[18]	Shen J, Fan X, Chen Z, DeCamp M F, Zhang H, Xiao J Q 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 072401 Google Scholar
[19]	Kampfrath T, Battiato M, Maldonado P, Eilers G, Nötzold J, Mährlein S, Zbarsky V, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y, Blügel S, Wolf M, Radu I, Oppeneer P M, Münzenberg M 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 256 Google Scholar
[20]	Seifert T, Jaiswal S, Martens U, Hannegan J, Braun L, Maldonado P, Freimuth F, Kronenberg A, Henrizi J, Radu I, Beaurepaire E, Mokrousov Y, Oppeneer P M, Jourdan M, Jakob G, Turchinovich D, Hayden L M, Wolf M, Münzenberg M, Kläui M, Kampfrath T 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 483 Google Scholar
[21]	Wang B, Shan S, Wu X, Wang C, Pandey C, Nie T, Zhao W, Li Y, Miao J, Wang L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 121104 Google Scholar
[22]	Chen X, Wu X, Shan S, Guo F, Kong D, Wang C, Nie T, Pandey C, Wen L, Zhao W, Ruan C, Miao J, Li Y, Wang L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 221104 Google Scholar
[23]	Bernevig B A, Hughes T L, Zhang S C 2006 Science 314 1757 Google Scholar
[24]	Fu L, Kane C L, Mele E J 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 106803 Google Scholar
[25]	Moore J E, Balents L 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 121306 Google Scholar
[26]	Roy R 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 195322 Google Scholar
[27]	Fu L, Kane C L 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 045302 Google Scholar
[28]	Xia Y, Qian D, Hsieh D, Wray L, Pal A, Lin H, Bansil A, Grauer D, Hor Y S, Cava R J 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 398 Google Scholar
[29]	Hsieh D, Xia Y, Qian D, Wray L, Dil J H, Meier F, Osterwalder J, Patthey L, Checkelsky J G, Ong N P, Fedorov A V, Lin H, Bansil A, Grauer D, Hor Y S, Cava R J, Hasan M Z 2009 Nature 460 1101 Google Scholar
[30]	König M, Wiedmann S, Brüne C, Roth A, Buhmann H, Molenkamp L W, Qi X L, Zhang S C 2007 Science 318 766 Google Scholar
[31]	Chang C Z, Zhang J, Feng X, Shen J, Zhang Z, Guo M, Li K, Ou Y, Wei P, Wang L L, Ji Z Q, Feng Y, Ji S, Chen X, Jia J, Dai X, Fang Z, Zhang S C, He K, Wang Y, Lu L, Ma X C, Xue Q K 2013 Science 340 167 Google Scholar
[32]	He Q L, Pan L, Stern A L, Burks E C, Che X, Yin G, Wang J, Lian B, Zhou Q, Choi E S, Murata K, Kou X, Chen Z, Nie T, Shao Q, Fan Y, Zhang S C, Liu K, Xia J, Wang K L 2017 Science 357 294 Google Scholar
[33]	Hsieh D, Qian D, Wray L, Xia Y, Hor Y S, Cava R J, Hasan M Z 2008 Nature 452 970 Google Scholar
[34]	Li Y, Edmonds K W, Liu X, Zheng H, Wang K 2019 Adv. Quantum Technol. 2 1800052 Google Scholar
[35]	Khang N H D, Ueda Y, Hai P N 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 808 Google Scholar
[36]	Ganichev S D, Ketterl H, Prettl W, Ivchenko E L, Vorobjev L E 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3146 Google Scholar
[37]	Ganichev S D, Prettl W 2003 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 R935 Google Scholar
[38]	Liu C X, Qi X L, Zhang H, Dai X, Fang Z, Zhang S C 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 045122 Google Scholar
[39]	Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 226801 Google Scholar
[40]	Che X, Murata K, Pan L, He Q L, Yu G, Shao Q, Yin G, Deng P, Fan Y, Ma B, Liang X, Zhang B, Han X, Bi L, Yang Q H, Zhang H, Wang K L 2018 ACS Nano 12 5042 Google Scholar
[41]	He L, Kou X, Wang K L 2013 Phys. Status Solidi RRL 7 50 Google Scholar
[42]	Hamh S Y, Park S H, Han J, Jeon J H, Kahng S J, Kim S, Choi S H, Bansal N, Oh S, Park J, Kim J S, Kim J M, Noh D Y, Lee J S 2015 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 10 1 Google Scholar
[43]	Pan Z H, Fedorov A, Gardner D, Lee Y S, Chu S, Valla T 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 187001 Google Scholar
[44]	Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 146802 Google Scholar
[45]	Wu H, Xu Y, Deng P, Pan Q, Razavi S A, Wong K, Huang L, Dai B, Shao Q, Yu G, Han X, Rojas-Sánchez J C, Mangin S, Wang K L 2019 Adv. Mater 31 1901681 Google Scholar
[46]	Wang Y, Deorani P, Banerjee K, Koirala N, Brahlek M, Oh S, Yang H 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 257202 Google Scholar
[47]	Zhu L G, Kubera B, Mak K F, Shan J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 10308 Google Scholar
[48]	Hamh S Y, Park S H, Jerng S K, Jeon J H, Chun S H, Lee J S 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 161405 Google Scholar
[49]	Fang Z, Wang H, Wu X, Shan S, Wang C, Zhao H, Xia C, Nie T, Miao J, Zhang C, Zhao W, Wang L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 191102 Google Scholar
[50]	Liu K, Xu J, Yuan T, Zhang X C 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 155330 Google Scholar
[51]	Seifert P, Vaklinova K, Kern K, Burghard M, Holleitner A 2017 Nano Lett. 17 973 Google Scholar
[52]	Duan J, Tang N, He X, Yan Y, Zhang S, Qin X, Wang X, Yang X, Xu F, Chen Y 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 4889 Google Scholar
[53]	Kastl C, Karnetzky C, Karl H, Holleitner A W 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6617 Google Scholar
[54]	McIver J W, Hsieh D, Steinberg H, Jarillo-Herrero P, Gedik N 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 96 Google Scholar
[55]	Braun L, Mussler G, Hruban A, Konczykowski M, Schumann T, Wolf M, Münzenberg M, Perfetti L, Kampfrath T 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13259 Google Scholar
[56]	Tu C M, Chen Y C, Huang P, Chuang P Y, Lin M Y, Cheng C M, Lin J Y, Juang J Y, Wu K H, Huang J C A, Pong W F, Kobayashi T, Luo C W 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 195407 Google Scholar
[57]	Belinicher V I, Sturman B I 1980 Phys.-Usp. 23 199 Google Scholar
[58]	Junck A, Refael G, von Oppen F 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 075144 Google Scholar
[59]	Maysonnave J, Huppert S, Wang F, Maero S, Berger C, de Heer W, Norris T B, de Vaulchier L A, Dhillon S, Tignon J, Ferreira R, Mangeney J 2014 Nano Lett. 14 5797 Google Scholar
[60]	Obraztsov P A, Kaplas T, Garnov S V, Kuwata-Gonokami M, Obraztsov A N, Svirko Y P 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 4007 Google Scholar
[61]	Karch J, Olbrich P, Schmalzbauer M, et al. 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 227402 Google Scholar
[62]	Bahk Y M, Ramakrishnan G, Choi J, Song H, Choi G, Kim Y H, Ahn K J, Kim D S, Planken P C M 2014 ACS Nano 8 9089 Google Scholar
[63]	Hamh S Y, Park S H, Han J, Jeon J H, Kahng S J, Kim S, Choi S H, Bansal N, Oh S, Park J 2015 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 10 489 Google Scholar
[64]	Tu C M, Yeh T T, Tzeng W Y, Chen Y R, Chen H J, Ku S A, Luo C W, Lin J Y, Wu K H, Juang J Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 14128 Google Scholar
[65]	Hosur P 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 035309 Google Scholar
[66]	Olbrich P, Golub L, Herrmann T, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 096601 Google Scholar
[67]	Gao Y, Kaushik S, Philip E, Li Z, Qin Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Su Y, Chen X, Weng H 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 720 Google Scholar
[68]	Wang X, Cheng L, Zhu D, Wu Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Zhao D, Boothroyd C B, Lam Y M, Zhu J X, Battiato M, Song J C W, Yang H, Chia E E M 2018 Adv. Mater 30 1802356 Google Scholar
[69]	Bosu S, Sakuraba Y, Uchida KI, Saito K, Ota T, Saitoh E, Takanashi K 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 224401 Google Scholar
[70]	Jaworski C M, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom D D, Heremans J P, Myers R C 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 898 Google Scholar
[71]	Battiato M, Carva K, Oppeneer P M 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 024404 Google Scholar
[72]	Kimura T, Otani Y, Sato T, Takahashi S, Maekawa S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 156601 Google Scholar
[73]	Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Ieda J, Koshibae W, Ando K, Maekawa S, Saitoh E 2008 Nature 455 778 Google Scholar
[74]	Seifert T S, Jaiswal S, Barker J, Weber S T, Razdolski I, Cramer J, Gueckstock O, Maehrlein S F, Nadvornik L, Watanabe S 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1 Google Scholar
[75]	Rudolf D, La-O-Vorakiat C, Battiato M, et al. 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1037 Google Scholar
[76]	Eschenlohr A, Battiato M, Maldonado P, Pontius N, Kachel T, Holldack K, Mitzner R, Föhlisch A, Oppeneer P M, Stamm C 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 332 Google Scholar
[77]	Battiato M, Carva K, Oppeneer P M 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 027203 Google Scholar
[78]	Bennemann K H 2004 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16 R995 Google Scholar
[79]	Kirilyuk A, Kimel A V, Rasing T 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 2731 Google Scholar
[80]	Sasaki Y, Suzuki K Z, Mizukami S 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 102401 Google Scholar
[81]	Torosyan G, Keller S, Scheuer L, Beigang R, Papaioannou E T 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 1311 Google Scholar
[82]	Wu Y, Elyasi M, Qiu X, Chen M, Liu Y, Ke L, Yang H 2017 Adv.Mater 29 1603031 Google Scholar
[83]	Zhou X, Song B, Chen X, You Y, Ruan S, Bai H, Zhang W, Ma G, Yao J, Pan F 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 182402 Google Scholar
[84]	Hibberd M, Lake D, Johansson N, Thomson T, Jamison S, Graham D 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 031101 Google Scholar
[85]	Kong D, Wu X, Wang B, Nie T, Xiao M, Pandey C, Gao Y, Wen L, Zhao W, Ruan C, Miao J, Li Y, Wang L 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900487 Google Scholar
[86]	Pai C F, Liu L, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 122404 Google Scholar
[87]	Liu L, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Science 336 555 Google Scholar
[88]	Wang Y, Zhu D, Wu Y, Yang Y, Yu J, Ramaswamy R, Mishra R, Shi S, Elyasi M, Teo K L 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1 Google Scholar
[89]	Kubota H, Fukushima A, Yakushiji K, Nagahama T, Yuasa S, Ando K, Maehara H, Nagamine Y, Tsunekawa K, Djayaprawira D D 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 37 Google Scholar
[90]	Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph D, Buhrman R 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 036601 Google Scholar
[91]	Mellnik A R, Lee J S, Richardella A, Grab J L, Mintun P J, Fischer M H, Vaezi A, Manchon A, Kim E A, Samarth N, Ralph D C 2014 Nature 511 449 Google Scholar
[92]	Fan Y, Upadhyaya P, Kou X, Lang M, Takei S, Wang Z, Tang J, He L, Chang L T, Montazeri M 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 699 Google Scholar
[93]	Kekatpure R D, Brongersma M L 2008 Nano Lett. 8 3787 Google Scholar
[94]	Chen J, Qin H J, Yang F, Liu J, Guan T, Qu F M, Zhang G H, Shi J R, Xie X C, Yang C L, Wu K H, Li Y Q, Lu L 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 176602 Google Scholar
[95]	Jauregui L A, Pettes M T, Rokhinson L P, Shi L, Chen Y P 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 8452 Google Scholar
[96]	Souma S, Eto K, Nomura M, Nakayama K, Sato T, Takahashi T, Segawa K, Ando Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 116801 Google Scholar
[97]	Wang Z, Lin T, Wei P, Liu X, Dumas R, Liu K, Shi J 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 159903 Google Scholar
[98]	Pan Y, Wang Q Z, Yeats A L, Pillsbury T, Flanagan T C, Richardella A, Zhang H, Awschalom D D, Liu C X, Samarth N 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1037 Google Scholar
[99]	Luo C W, Chen H J, Tu C M, Lee C C, Ku S A, Tzeng W Y, Yeh T T, Chiang M C, Wang H J, Chu W C 2013 Adv. Opt. Mater. 1 804 Google Scholar

[1]	Liu Chang, Wang Ya-Yu. Quantum transport phenomena in magnetic topological insulators. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(17): 177301. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230690
[2]	Jia Liang-Guang, Liu Meng, Chen Yao-Yao, Zhang Yu, Wang Ye-Liang. Research progress of two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator in monolayer 1T'-WTe₂. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(12): 127308. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220100
[3]	Xu Jia-Ling, Jia Li-Yun, Liu Chao, Wu Quan, Zhao Ling-Jun, Ma Li, Hou Deng-Lu. Band structure of topological insulator Li(Na)AuS. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(2): 027101. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20200885
[4]	Xu Yong, Zhang Fan, Zhang Xiao-Qiang, Du Yin-Chang, Zhao Hai-Hui, Nie Tian-Xiao, Wu Xiao-Jun, Zhao Wei-Sheng. Research advances in spintronic terahertz sources. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(20): 200703. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200623
[5]	Jia Ding, Ge Yong, Yuan Shou-Qi, Sun Hong-Xiang. Dual-band acoustic topological insulator based on honeycomb lattice sonic crystal. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(22): 224301. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190951
[6]	Liu Chang, Liu Xiang-Rui. Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies on three dimensional strong topological insulators and magnetic topological insulators. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(22): 227901. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20191450
[7]	Xiang Tian, Cheng Liang, Qi Jing-Bo. Ultrafast charge and spin dynamics on topological insulators. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(22): 227202. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20191433
[8]	Gao Yi-Xuan, Zhang Li-Zhi, Zhang Yu-Yang, Du Shi-Xuan. Research progress of two-dimensional organic topological insulators. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(23): 238101. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181711
[9]	Chai Lu, Niu Yue, Li Yan-Feng, Hu Ming-Lie, Wang Qing-Yue. Recent progress of tunable terahertz sources based on difference frequency generation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(7): 070702. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.070702
[10]	Zuo Jian, Zhang Liang-Liang, Gong Chen, Zhang Cun-Lin. Research progress of super-continuum terahertz source based on nano-structures and terahertz lab on-chip system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(1): 010704. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.010704
[11]	Li Zhao-Guo, Zhang Shuai, Song Feng-Qi. Universal conductance fluctuations of topological insulators. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(9): 097202. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.097202
[12]	Wang Qing, Sheng Li. Edge mode of InAs/GaSb quantum spin hall insulator in magnetic field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(9): 097302. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.097302
[13]	Zhao Wen-Juan, Chen Zai-Gao, Guo Wei-Jie. Influence of slow wave structure explosive emission on high-power surface wave oscillator. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(15): 150702. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.150702
[14]	Chen Yan-Li, Peng Xiang-Yang, Yang Hong, Chang Sheng-Li, Zhang Kai-Wang, Zhong Jian-Xin. Stacking effects in topological insulator Bi2Se3：a first-principles study. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(18): 187303. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.187303
[15]	Li Ping-Yuan, Chen Yong-Liang, Zhou Da-Jin, Chen Peng, Zhang Yong, Deng Shui-Quan, Cui Ya-Jing, Zhao Yong. Research of thermal expansion coefficient of topological insulator Bi2Te3. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(11): 117301. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.117301
[16]	Huang Jing-Guo, Lu Jin-Xing, Zhou Wei, Tong Jing-Chao, Huang Zhi, Chu Jun-Hao. Investigation of high power terahertz emission in gap crystal based on collinear difference frequency generation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(12): 120704. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.120704
[17]	Zeng Lun-Wu, Zhang Hao, Tang Zhong-Liang, Song Run-Xia. Electromagnetic wave scattering by a topological insulator prolate spheroid particle. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(17): 177303. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.177303
[18]	Ma Feng-Ying, Chen Ming, Liu Xiao-Li, Liu Jian-Li, Chi Quan, Du Yan-Li, Guo Mao-Tian, Yuan Bin. Design and characterization of a terahertz microcavity structure. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(11): 114205. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.114205
[19]	Liu Wei-Hao, Zhang Ya-Xin, Hu Min, Zhou Jun, Liu Sheng-Gang. Mechanism study of a THz source using field emission array. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(12): 127901. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.127901
[20]	Gao Peng, Booske John H., Yang Zhong-Hai, Li Bin, Xu Li, He Jun, Gong Yu-Bin, Tian Zhong. Physics and simulation of terahertz folded waveguide traveling wave tube regenerative feedback oscillators. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(12): 8484-8489. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.8484

Catalog

Vol. 69, Issue 20 - 2020-10-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 11838
PDF Downloads: 457
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板