Recording optical vortices in azo polymer films by applying holographic method

Chen Tian-Yu; Wang Chang-Shun; Pan Yu-Jia; Sun Li-Li

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201496

Abstract

In this paper the optical vortices with topological charge q = –1, 1, 2, 4 are recorded in azo polymer films by using holographic technology. The forked holographic gratings formed by the Gaussian beam and optical vortex beam are recorded in the sample films, the original forked holographic grating and the recording rate are analyzed. The vortex beam is reconstructed by illuminating the sample film with a reference beam, and the recording quality is analyzed. Also the erasability and durability of the sample are tested. The experimental results show that the recording rates of vortex beams with different topological charges are relatively uniform, which means that the optical vortices with different topological charges can be recorded at the same speed. The forked holographic grating of the high-order optical vortex splits in the recording process due to the disturbances, such as anisotropic nonlinear light, atmospheric turbulence, and background light field. However, the split vortex beam still maintains a stable ring structure. The reconstructed optical vortex and the original optical vortex are highly consistent in morphology, and the interference fringes of the reconstructed optical vortices are highly consistent with the original vortex holographic gratings, indicating that the topological charge information in the optical vortices can be effectively recorded and read out. The recorded information can be erased by heating the sample to about 97 ℃, and new information can be re-recorded after cooling. There appears no fatigue in the sample after the information has been erased 100 times and good durability is still retained. Optical vortices theoretically have infinite states of topological charges, based on which great success is achieved in optical communication and information encoding. Therefore, storing and reading information of topological charges in optical vortices may have potential applications in optical information storage.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author: Chen Tian-Yu, tianyuchen@sjtu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11574211)

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References

[1]	Allen L, Beijersbergen M W, Spreeuw R J C, Woerdman J P 1992 Phys. Rev. A 45 8185 Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 偶氮苯聚合物薄膜的吸收光谱, 插图为样品AFM图像, 封装后的样品结构和化合物的化学结构

Figure 1. Absorption spectra of the azo-benzene polymer film. Inset: AFM image and structure of the sample, and chemical structure of the compound.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 涡旋全息记录实验装置. W1和W2, 记录光束; L1, 焦距为7.5 cm的凸透镜; L2, 焦距为20 cm的凸透镜; P, 偏振片; BS1, BS2, 分束器; A1, A2, A3, A4, 衰减片; M, M1, M2, M3, 反光镜; SLM, 空间光调制器

Figure 2. Experimental setup for vortex holographic recording. W1 and W2, recording waves. L1, lens with a focal length of 7.5 cm; L2, lens with a focal length of 20 cm; P, polarizer; BS1, BS2, beam splitter; A1, A2, A3, A4, attenuator; M, M1, M2, M3, mirror; SLM, spatial light modulator.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 用以产生不同拓扑荷数涡旋光束的相位图像配置文件　(a) q = –1; (b) q = 1; (c) q = 2; (d) q = 4

Figure 3. Phase profiles displayed on the SLM to generate vortex beams with different topological charges q: (a) q = –1; (b) q = 1; (c) q = 2; (d) q = 4.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 计算全息光栅与实验中记录的涡旋全息光栅的对比　(a)−(d)分别为q = –1, 1, 2, 4的计算全息光栅; (e)−(h)分别为实验中记录的q = –1, 1, 2, 4全息光栅

Figure 4. Comparison between CGH gratings and vortex holographic gratings: (a)−(d) the CGH gratings of q = –1, 1, 2, 4; (e)−(h) vortex holographic gratings of q = –1, 1, 2, 4 recorded in experiments.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 +1级衍射光斑强度的探测

Figure 5. Detection of the intensity of the first order diffraction spot.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a)衍射光斑强度随时间的变化; (b)涡旋全息光栅的衍射效率

Figure 6. (a) Curves of the intensity variation of diffraction spots; (b) diffraction efficiency of optical vortex holographic grating.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 高斯光束照射不同拓扑荷数涡旋光记录的全息光栅得到的衍射图样　(a) q = –1; (b) q = 1; (c) q = 2; (d) q = 4

Figure 7. Diffraction images generated by using reference beam to illuminate samples with holograms recorded different topological charges: (a) q = –1; (b) q = 1; (c) q = 2; (d) q = 4.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a)−(d)再现涡旋光束; (e)−(h)原始涡旋光束; (i)−(l)再现涡旋光束与高斯光束的干涉图样

Figure 8. (a)−(d) Reconstructed optical vortex beams; (e)−(h) original optical vortex beam; (i)−(l) the interference pattern of reconstructed optical vortex beam and Gaussian beam.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Allen L, Beijersbergen M W, Spreeuw R J C, Woerdman J P 1992 Phys. Rev. A 45 8185 Google Scholar
[2]	Mair A, Vaziri A, Weihs G, Zeilinger A 2001 Nature 412 313 Google Scholar
[3]	Leach J, Padgett M J, Barnett S M, Franke-Arnold S, Courtial J 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 257901 Google Scholar
[4]	Vaziri A, Weihs G, Zeilinger A 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 240401 Google Scholar
[5]	Ding D S, Zhang W, Zhou Z Y, Shi S, Xiang G Y, Wang X S, Jiang Y K, Shi B S, Guo G C 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 050502 Google Scholar
[6]	Schine N, Ryou A, Gromov A, Sommer A, Simon J 2016 Nature 534 671 Google Scholar
[7]	Hamazaki J, Morita R, Chujo K, Kobayashi Y, Tanda S, Omatsu T 2010 Opt. Express 18 2144 Google Scholar
[8]	Omatsu T, Chujo K, Miyamoto K, Okida M, Nakamura K, Aoki N, Morita R 2010 Opt. Express 18 17967 Google Scholar
[9]	Toyoda K, Miyamoto K, Aoki N, Morita R, Omatsu T 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3645 Google Scholar
[10]	Toyoda K, Takahashi F, Takizawa S, Tokizane Y, Miyamoto K, Morita R, Omatsu T 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 143603 Google Scholar
[11]	Watanabe T, Igasaki Y, Fukuchi N, Sakai M, Ishiuchi S, Fujii M, Omatsu T, Yamamoto K, Iketaki Y 2004 Opt. Eng. 43 1136 Google Scholar
[12]	Bretschneider S, Eggeling C, Hell S W 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 218103 Google Scholar
[13]	Gahagan K T, Swartzlander G A 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 827 Google Scholar
[14]	Padgett M, Bowman R 2011 Nat. Photonics 5 343 Google Scholar
[15]	Padgett M J 2017 Opt. Express 25 11265 Google Scholar
[16]	Barreiro J T, Wei T C, Kwiat P G 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 282 Google Scholar
[17]	Nicolas A, Veissier L, Giner L, Giacobino E, Maxein D, Laurat J 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 234 Google Scholar
[18]	Willner A E, Huang H, Yan Y, Ren Y, Ahmed N, Xie G, Bao C, Li L, Cao Y, Zhao Z, Wang J, Lavery M P J, Tur M, Ramachandran S, Molisch AF, Ashrafi N, Ashrafi S 2015 Adv. Opt. Photonics 7 66 Google Scholar
[19]	Ren Y, Wang Z, Liao P, Li L, Xie G, Huang H, Zhao Z, Yan Y, Ahmed N, Willner A, Lavery M P, Ashrafi N, Ashrafi S, Bock R, Tur M, Djordjevic I B, Neifeld M A, Willner A E 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 622 Google Scholar
[20]	Eznaveh Z S, Zacarias J C A, Lopez J E A, Shi K, Milione G, Jung Y, Thomsen B C, Richardson D J, Fontaine N, Leon-Saval S G, Correa R A 2018 Opt. Express 26 30042 Google Scholar
[21]	Lugiato L A, Oldano C, Narducci L M 1988 Opt. Soc. Am. B 5 879 Google Scholar
[22]	Brambilla M, Battipede F, Lugiato L A, Penna V, Prati F, Tamm C, Weiss C O 1991 Phys. Rev. A 43 5090 Google Scholar
[23]	Oemrawsingh S S R, Ma X, Voigtand D, Aiello A, Eliel E R, Hooft G W, Woerdman J P 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 240501 Google Scholar
[24]	Karimi E, Schulz S A, Leon I D, Qassim H, Upham J, Boyd R W 2014 Light Sci. Appl. 3 e167 Google Scholar
[25]	Heckenberg N R, McDuff R, Smith C P, White A G 1992 Opt. Lett. 17 221 Google Scholar
[26]	Leblanc A, Denoeud A, Chopineau L, Mennerat G, Martin P, Quéré F 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 440 Google Scholar
[27]	Ambrosio A, Marrucci L, Borbone F, Roviello A, Maddalena P 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 989 Google Scholar
[28]	Cook L J, Mazilu D A, Mazilu I, Simpson B M, Schwen E M, Kim V O, Seredinski A M 2014 Phys. Rev. E 89 062411 Google Scholar
[29]	Mamaev A V, Saffman M, Zozulya A 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 2108 Google Scholar
[30]	Gan X, Zhang P, Liu S, Zheng Y, Zhao J, Chen Z G 2009 Opt. Express 17 23130 Google Scholar
[31]	Malik M, O’Sullivan M, Rodenburg B, Mirhosseini M, Leach J, Lavery M P, Padgett M J, Boyd R W 2012 Opt. Express 20 13195 Google Scholar
[32]	Cui Q, Li M, Yu Z 2014 Opt. Commun. 329 10 Google Scholar
[33]	Reddy S G, Prabhakar S, Aadhi A, Banerji J, Singh R P 2014 JOSA A 31 1295 Google Scholar
[34]	Stoyanov L, Topuzoski S, Stefanov I, Janicijevic L, Dreischuh A 2015 Opt. Commun. 350 301 Google Scholar

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