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Diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) that combines the properties of spin and charge degrees of freedom, which has potential applications in the field of spintronic devices. In the 1990s, due to the breakthrough of low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy technology, scientists successfully synthesized III-V DMS (Ga, Mn)As, and developed some spintronics devices accordingly. However, the maximum Curie temperature of (Ga, Mn)As is only 200 K, which is still below room temperature that is required for practical applications. Searching for diluted magnetic semiconductors with higher Curie temperature and the exploring of their magnetism is still one of the focuses at present. In recent years, developed from iron-based superconductors, a series of novel magnetic semiconductors have been reported. These new DMSs have the advantages of decoupled charge and spin doping, and each concentration can be precisely controlled. In this paper, novel bulk diluted magnetic semiconductors (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO (x = 0.025, 0.050,0.075, 0.10) are successfully synthesized, with the highest Tc ~ 27.1 K for the doping level of x = 0.10. We dope Sr2+ and Mn2+ into the parent semiconductor material LaZnSbO to introduce holes and moments, respectively. The ferromagnetic ordered phase transition can be observed in the samples with various doping concentrations. A relatively large coercive field is observed to be ~ 5000 Oe from the iso-thermal magnetization measurement at 2 K. The (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO has the same crystal structure as the “1111-type” iron-based superconductor LaFeAsO, and the lattice parameter difference is very small. It provides a possible material choice for preparing the multifunctional heterojunction devices.
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Keywords:
- diluted magnetic semiconductor /
- Curie temperature /
- magnetic ordering /
- coercivity
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图 1 (a) (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO的X射线衍射图, 杂质ZnSb由(*)标注; (b) LaZnSbO的晶体结构; (c) (La0.95Sr0.05)(Zn0.95Mn0.05)SbO的Rietveld精修结果; (d) (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO的晶格常数
Figure 1. (a) The X-ray diffraction patterns for (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO (x = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1); Trace of impurities ZnSb (*) are marked; (b) the crystal structure of LaZnSbO; (c) the Rietveld refinement of (La0.95Sr0.05)(Zn0.95Mn0.05)SbO; (d) the lattice parameters of (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO.
图 2 (a) (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO分别在100 Oe的场冷和零场冷测量条件下的直流磁化强度; (b) (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO拟合后的
$ 1/({\rm{\chi }}-{\chi }_{0}) $ 结果, 箭头标注为外斯温度θ; (c) (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO磁化强度与温度之间的一阶导数关系(dM/dT), 箭头标注为样品的居里温度TC; (d)温度为2 K下的等温磁化强度曲线Figure 2. (a) The temperature dependence of DC magnetization for (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO measured under field-cooling (FC) and zero-field-cooling(ZFC) with external field of 100 Oe; (b) the plot of
$ 1/({\rm{\chi }}-{\chi }_{0}) $ versus T for (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO, and the arrow marked the Weiss Temperature$ \theta $ ; (c)the derivative of moment versus temperature for (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO, and the arrow marked the Curie Temperature; (d)iso-thermal magnetization for (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO at 2 K.
图 3 (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO电阻随温度变化的关系
Figure 3. Temperature dependence of (La1–xSrx)(Zn1–xMnx)SbO resistance.
表 1 “1111”型稀磁半导体、超导体、反铁磁体的相变温度
Table 1. The phase transition temperature of 1111-type dilute magnetic semiconductors, superconductors and antiferromagnets.
类型 结构 化学式 相变温度/K 稀磁半导体 (P4/nmm) (La, Ca)(Zn, Mn)AsO[7] 30(居里温度) (La, Sr)(Zn, Mn)AsO[8] 30 (La, Ba)(Zn, Mn)AsO[9] 40 (La, Ca)(Zn, Mn)SbO[10] 40 La(Zn, Mn, Cu)AsO[11] 8 La(Zn, Mn, Cu)SbO[12] 15 (La, Sr)(Cu, Mn)SO[13] 200 (Ba, K)F(Zn, Mn)As[14] 30 SrF(Zn, Mn, Cu)Sb[15] 40 超导体 (P4/nmm) LaFeAs(O, F)[16] 26 (超导转变温度) 反铁磁体 (P4/nmm) LaMnAsO[17] 317 (奈尔温度) LaMnSbO[18] 255 K 
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表 2 居里温度Tc、外斯温度θ、有效磁矩Meff、矫顽力Hc
Table 2. The Curie temperature Tc, the Weiss temperature θ, the effective moment Meff and the coercive field Hc.
掺杂浓度x Tc / K θ / K Meff / ($ {\mu }_{\rm{B}}/{\rm{Mn}} $) Hc / Oe 0.025 10.0 10.5 4.32 16000 0.050 14.1 20.2 4.68 17000 0.075 23.2 33.0 4.84 3500 0.10 27.1 37.3 4.26 5000
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[1] Žutić I, Fabian J, Sarma S D 2004 Rev. Mod. Phys. 76 323
Google Scholar
[2] Dietl T, Ohno H 2014 Rev. Mod. Phys. 86 187
Google Scholar
[3] Ohno H, Shen n A, Matsukura F, Oiwa A, Endo A, Katsumoto S, Iye Y 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 363
Google Scholar
[4] Dietl T 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 965
Google Scholar
[5] 赵建华, 邓加军, 郑厚植 2007 物理学进展 27 109
Google Scholar
Zhao J H, Deng J J, Zheng H Z, 2007 Progress in Physics 27 109
Google Scholar
[6] Chen L, Yang X, Yang F, Zhao J, Misuraca J, Xiong P, von Molnár S 2011 Nano Lett. 11 2584
Google Scholar
[7] Ding C, Guo S, Zhao Y, Man H, Fu L, Gu Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Frandsen B, Cheung S, Uemura Y, Goko T, Luetkens H, Morenzoni E, Zhao Y, Ning F 2015 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 28 026003
Google Scholar
[8] Ding C, Gong X, Man H, Zhi G, Guo S, Zhao Y, Wang H, Chen B, Ning F 2014 Europhys. Lett. 107 17004
Google Scholar
[9] Ding C, Man H, Qin C, Lu J, Sun Y, Wang Q, Yu B, Feng C, Goko T, Arguello C, Ning F 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 041102
Google Scholar
[10] Han W, Zhao K, Wang X, Liu Q, Ning F, Deng Z, Liu Y, Zhu J, Ding C, Man H, ChangQing J 2013 Sci. China: Phys., Mech. Astron. 56 2026
Google Scholar
[11] Guo S, Zhao Y, Gong X, Man H, Ding C, Zhi G, Fu L, Gu Y, Wang H, Chen B, Ning F 2016 Europhys. Lett. 114 57008
Google Scholar
[12] Zhao Y, Wang K, Guo S, Fu L, Gu Y, Zhi G, Xu L, Cui Q, Cheng J, Wang H, Chen B, Ning F 2018 Europhys. Lett. 120 47005
Google Scholar
[13] Yang X, Li Y, Shen C, Si B, Sun Y, Tao Q, Cao G, Xu Z, Zhang F 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 022410
Google Scholar
[14] Chen B, Deng Z, Li W, Gao M, Liu Q, Gu C, Hu F, Shen B, Frandsen B, Cheung S, Jin C 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 36578
Google Scholar
[15] Fu L, Gu Y, Guo S, Wang K, Zhang H, Zhi G, Liu H, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Ning F 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 483 95
Google Scholar
[16] Kamihara Y, Watanabe T, Hirano M, Hosono H 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 3296
Google Scholar
[17] Emery N, Wildman N E, Skakle E J, Mclaughlin A, Smith R, Fitch A 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 094413
Google Scholar
[18] Zhang Q, Kumar C, Tian W, Kevin W, Goldman A, Vaknin D 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 094413
[19] Dietl T, Bonanni A, Ohno H 2019 J. Semicond. 40 080301
Google Scholar
[20] 邓正, 赵国强, 靳常青 2019 物理学报 68 167502
Google Scholar
Deng Z, Zhao G Q, Jin C Q 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 167502
Google Scholar
[21] Deng Z, Jin C, Liu Q, Wang X, Zhu J, Feng S, Chen L, Yu R, Arguello C, Goko T, Ning F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Aczel A, Munsie T, Williams T, Luke G, Kakeshita T, Uchida S, Higemoto W, Ito T, Gu Bo, Maekawa S, Morris G, Uemura Y 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 1
Google Scholar
[22] Zhao K, Deng Z, Wang X C, et al. 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 1
Google Scholar
[23] Gu Y, Zhang H, Zhang R, Fu L, Wang K, Zhi G, Guo S, Ning F 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 057507
Google Scholar
[24] Zhao K, Chen B, Zhao G, Yuan Z, Liu Q, Deng Z, Zhu J, Jin C 2014 Chin. Sci. Bull. 59 2524
Google Scholar
[25] Gu B 2019 J. Semicond. 40 081504
Google Scholar
[26] Ding C, Qin C, Man H, Imai T, Ning F 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 041108
Google Scholar
[27] Gu Y, Guo S, Ning F 2019 J. Semicond. 40 081506
Google Scholar
[28] Guo S, Ning F 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 097502
Google Scholar
[29] Guo K, Man Z Y, Wang X J, Chen H H, Tang M B, Zhang Z J, Grin Y, Zhao J T 2011 Dalton Trans. 40 10007
Google Scholar
[30] Johnston D C 2010 Adv. Phys. 59 803
Google Scholar
[31] 衣玮, 吴奇, 孙力玲 2017 物理学报 66 037402
Google Scholar
Yi W, Wu Q, Sun L 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 037402
Google Scholar
[32] Toby B H, Von Dreele R B 2013 J. Appl. Crystallogr. 46 544
Google Scholar
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