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The advent of high-power ultra-short ultra-intense laser pulses opens up the new frontiers of relativistic nonlinear optics, high-field physics, laser-driven inertial confined fusion, etc. In recent years, with the construction of high power laser facilities at a multi-petawatt (PW) level and above, the interaction between laser and matter enters into a new realm of high field physics, where extremely rich nonlinear physics is involved. In addition to classical nonlinear physics involving wave-particle interactions, relativistic effects, and ponderomotive force effects, the quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects occur, such as radiation reaction force, electron-positron pair production, strong γ-ray radiation, QED cascades, and vacuum polarization. This paper presents a brief overview of electron-positron pair creation and bright γ-ray emission driven by the extremely intense laser fields.
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Keywords:
- high-intensity laser-plasma interaction /
- ultrabright γ-ray radiation /
- electron-positron pair production /
- quantum electrodynamics (QED)
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图 3 (a)丝靶方案的示意图; (b) X射线自由电子激光装置、同步辐射装置、基于激光尾场加速器的Betatron或Compton散射光源以及该细丝靶方案产生的伽马射线源光子能量和峰值亮度的范围; (c), (d)在不同驱动激光功率条件下所产生的伽马射线源的角分布和能谱分布, 图示中“ ×10”表示光子数放大10倍[80]
Figure 3. (a) Schematic diagram of the wire scheme; (b) chart of photon energy and brilliance of gamma-rays generated from our wire scheme, XFEL, synchrotron radiation facilities, and betatron radiation and Compton scattering based on LWFA; the angular distributions (c) and energy spectra (d) of the generated gamma-rays under different laser powers, where “ ×10” in the legend indicates the photon number multiplied by a factor of 10[80].
图 4 (a) 利用两级激光等离子体加速器产生极高亮度伽马射线源的原理图; (b) 三维数值模拟结果; (c)伽马射线源的能谱分布和角分布; (d) 伽马射线源峰值亮度(单位: photons/(s·mm2·mrad2·0.1%BW))关于辐射光子能量的分布[66]
Figure 4. (a) Concept of extremely brilliant γ-rays from a two-stage laser-plasma accelerator; (b) 3D simulation results of collimated γ-rays radiation in the two-stage LWFA scheme; (c) the angular-spectrum and angular distribution of the emitted gamma-rays; (d) the gamma-ray peak brilliance (photons/(s·mm2·mrad2·0.1%BW)) as a function of the radiated photon energy[66].
图 5 (a) 圆偏振拉盖尔高斯激光驱动锥-固体薄靶产生超亮阿秒伽马射线脉冲的示意图, 在强激光场作用下, 电子(红色环)从锥壁中被周期性地拉出, 并沿着激光传播方向被加速; 随后, 聚焦的强激光场被放置在锥靶外的固体薄靶(蓝色平板)反射, 从而与加速的稠密阿秒高能电子束对撞产生数MeV光子能量的超亮阿秒伽马射线脉冲(橙绿色环); (b), (c) 入射激光场和聚焦激光场的强度分布; (d)时刻t = 14T0处的电子密度分布; (e) 时刻t = 30T0 处的伽马光子密度分布[64]
Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of attosecond γ-ray pulse generation from a circularly-polarized Laguerre-Gaussian laser-driven cone-foil target. Electrons (red rings) are extracted from the cone walls and accelerated by the focusing laser. Then, the focusing laser pulse is reflected by a plasma mirror/foil (blue plate) and collides head-on with the dense energetic attosecond electron bunches, resulting in efficient emission of bright multi-MeV attosecond γ-ray pulses. The spatial distributions of the laser intensity for the incident pulse (b) and in-cone pulse (c). Density distributions of electrons (d) and γ-photons (e)[64].
表 1 当前实验中不同物理机制下激光驱动的X射线源和伽马射线源的性能比较
Table 1. Comparison of the performance of laser-driven X-ray and gamma-ray sources under different physical mechanisms in current experiments.
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[1] Maiman T H 1960 Nature 187 493Google Scholar
[2] Mourou G A, Tajima T, Bulanov S V 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 309Google Scholar
[3] Krausz F, Ivanov M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 163Google Scholar
[4] Mourou G 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 030501Google Scholar
[5] Strickland D 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 030502Google Scholar
[6] Esarey E, Schroeder C, Leemans W 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1229Google Scholar
[7] Teubner U, Gibbon P 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 445Google Scholar
[8] Corde S, Ta Phuoc K, Lambert G, Fitour R, Malka V, Rousse A, Beck A, Lefebvre E 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 1Google Scholar
[9] Danson C N, Haefner C, Bromage J, Butcher T, Chanteloup J C F, Chowdhury E A, Galvanauskas A, Gizzi L A, Hein J, Hillier D I, et al. 2019 High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 7 e54Google Scholar
[10] Shen B, Bu Z, Xu J, Xu T, Ji L, Li R, Xu Z 2018 Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 60 044002Google Scholar
[11] Röntgen W C 1896 Science 3 227Google Scholar
[12] Pellegrini C, Marinelli A, Reiche S 2016 Rev. Mod. Phys. 88 015006Google Scholar
[13] Rousse A, Rischel C, Gauthier J C 2001 Rev. Mod. Phys. 73 17Google Scholar
[14] Pfeifer T, Spielmann C, Gerber G 2006 Rep. Prog. Phys. 69 443Google Scholar
[15] Bilderback D H, Elleaume P, Weckert E 2005 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38 S773Google Scholar
[16] Kmetec J D, Gordon C L, Macklin J J, Lemoff B E, Brown G S, Harris S E 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 1527Google Scholar
[17] Sheng Z M, Sentoku Y, Mima K, Zhang J, Yu W, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 5340Google Scholar
[18] Rosmej O N, Gyrdymov M, Günther M M, Andreev N E, Tavana P, Neumayer P, Zähter S, Zahn N, Popov V S, Borisenko N G, et al. 2020 Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 62 115024Google Scholar
[19] Benedetti A, Tamburini M, Keitel C H 2018 Nat. Photonics 12 319Google Scholar
[20] Tajima T, Dawson J 1979 Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 267Google Scholar
[21] Malka V, Faure J, Gauduel Y A, Lefebvre E, Rousse A, Phuoc K T 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 447Google Scholar
[22] Hooker S M 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 775Google Scholar
[23] Mangles S P D, Murphy C D, Najmudin Z, Thomas A G R, Collier J L, Dangor A E, Divall E J, Foster P S, Gallacher J G, Hooker C J, et al. 2004 Nature 431 535Google Scholar
[24] Geddes C G, Toth C S, Van Tilborg J, Esarey E, Schroeder C B, Bruhwiler D, Nieter C, Cary J, Leemans W P 2004 Nature 431 538Google Scholar
[25] Faure J, Glinec Y, Pukhov A, Kiselev S, Gordienko S, Lefebvre E, Rousseau J P, Burgy F, Malka V 2004 Nature 431 541Google Scholar
[26] Gonsalves A J, Nakamura K, Daniels J, et al. 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 084801Google Scholar
[27] Leemans W, Esarey E 2009 Phys. Today 62 44
[28] Schlenvoigt H P, Haupt K, Debus A, et al. 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 130Google Scholar
[29] Kneip S, McGuffey C, Martins J L, et al. 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 980Google Scholar
[30] Cipiccia S, Islam M R, Ersfeld B, et al. 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 867Google Scholar
[31] Wenz J, Schleede S, Khrennikov K, Bech M, Thibault P, Heigoldt M, Pfeiffer F, Karsch S 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7568Google Scholar
[32] Chen L M, Yan W C, Li D Z, et al. 2013 Sci. Rep. 3
[33] Phuoc K T, Corde S, Thaury C, Malka V, Tafzi A, Goddet J P, Shah R C, Sebban S, Rousse 2012 Nat. Photonics 6 308Google Scholar
[34] Sarri G, Corvan D J, Schumaker W, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 224801Google Scholar
[35] Yu C, Qi R, Wang W, et al. 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 29518Google Scholar
[36] Yan W, Fruhling C, Golovin G, et al. 2017 Nat. Photonics 11 514Google Scholar
[37] Holloway J A, Norreys P A, Thomas A G R, Bartolini R, Bingham R, Nydell J, Trines R M G M, Walker R, Wing M 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 3985Google Scholar
[38] Ferri J, Corde S, Döpp A, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 254802Google Scholar
[39] Ta Phuoc K, Esarey E, Leurent V, Cormier-Michel E, Geddes C G R, Schroeder C B, Rousse A, Leemans W P 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 063102Google Scholar
[40] Marklund M, Shukla P K 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 591Google Scholar
[41] Aaboud M, Aad G, Abbott B, et al. 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 852Google Scholar
[42] Piran T 2005 Rev. Mod. Phys. 76 1143Google Scholar
[43] Badelek B, BlÖChinger C, BlÜMlein J, et al. 2004 Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 19 5097Google Scholar
[44] Crystal Ball at M, Collaboration A, Tarbert C M, et al. 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 242502Google Scholar
[45] Gari M, Hebach H 1981 Phys. Rep. 72 1Google Scholar
[46] Di Piazza A, Müller C, Hatsagortsyan K Z, Keitel C H 2012 Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 1177Google Scholar
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[48] Huang K, Li Y F, Li D Z, et al. 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 27633Google Scholar
[49] Cipiccia S, Wiggins S M, Shanks R P, et al. 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 063302Google Scholar
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[54] Ji L L, Pukhov A, Kostyukov I Y, Shen B F, Akli K 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 145003Google Scholar
[55] Stark D J, Toncian T, Arefiev A V 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 185003Google Scholar
[56] Huang T W, Kim C M, Zhou C T, Ryu C M, Nakajima K, Ruan S C, Nam C H 2018 Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 60 115006Google Scholar
[57] Blackburn T G, Ridgers C P, Kirk J G, Bell A R 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 015001Google Scholar
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[63] Poder K, Tamburini M, Sarri G, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. X 8 031004
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