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A GaAs photoconductive antenna is one of the important radiation sources of terahertz electromagnetic waves. Antenna arrays can increase the radiation intensity of terahertz waves. Therefore, photoconductive antennas and arrays have attracted much attention for a long time. In this study, CST Microwave Studio is used to conduct a simulation calculation of the characteristics of a photoconductive antenna array radiating terahertz electromagnetic waves. Using the current transient model, the pulsed photocurrents generated when the laser is incident on the GaAs photoconductive antenna are calculated. With the pulsed photocurrents serving as an excitation source, a simulation calculation of the radiation performance of photoconductive antenna is conducted, and the effects of antenna structure and substrate material on the radiation of terahertz waves are analyzed. Based on this, the far-field radiation of terahertz wave radiated by the GaAs photoconductive antenna array is calculated. The simulation results show that the photoconductive antenna array radiates terahertz waves with stronger directivity. The width of main lobe is reduced, and its far-field radiation conforms to the multiple relationships of electric field superposition. A 1 × 2 GaAs photoconductive antenna array is developed, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation conclusions, thereby laying a theoretical and experimental basis for fabricating the multielement terahertz photoconductive antenna arrays.
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Keywords:
- terahertz /
- electromagnetic wave /
- photoconductive antenna /
- antenna array
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图 1 光电导天线示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of photoconductive antenna
图 2 光激发载流子浓度
Figure 2. Concentration of photo induced carriers
图 3 电流随时间关系曲线
Figure 3. Current vs. time curve
图 4 偶极天线示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of dipole antenna
图 5 天线S参数
Figure 5. S -parameter of antenna
图 6 天线上的电场分布 (1 THz)
Figure 6. Electric field distribution around the antenna (1 THz)
图 7 无衬底时天线远场辐射的三维方向图 (1 THz)
Figure 7. Three-dimensional pattern of far-field radiation of antenna without a substrate (1 THz).
图 8 无衬底时天线E面电场分布方向图(1 THz)
Figure 8. Electric field distribution pattern on the E surface of antenna without a substrate (1 THz).
图 9 有衬底时天线远场辐射的三维方向图 (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
Figure 9. Three-dimensional patterns of far-field radiation of antenna with a substrate: (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz.
图 10 有衬底时天线E面电场分布方向图 (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
Figure 10. Electric field distribution pattern on the E surface of antenna with a substrate: (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz.
图 11 天线阵列示意图 (d: 30 μm, D: 300 μm)
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of antenna array (d: 30 μm, D: 300 μm)
图 12 2 × 2天线阵列的时域谱
Figure 12. Time-domain waveforms of 2 × 2 antenna array
图 13 有衬底时天线阵列远场辐射的三维方向图 (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
Figure 13. Three-dimensional patterns of far-field radiation of antenna array with a substrate: (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
图 14 有衬底时天线阵列E面电场分布方向图 (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
Figure 14. Electric field distribution pattern on the E surface of antenna array with a substrate: (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz.
图 15 1 × 2天线阵列实物图
Figure 15. Figure of 1 × 2 antenna array
图 16 1 × 2天线阵列的时域谱
Figure 16. Time-domain waveforms of 1 × 2 antenna array
图 17 两个阵元同时工作与两个阵元辐射THz波求和的时域谱
Figure 17. Time-domain waveforms when 2 elements are working simultaneously, and when radiative THz waves of 2 elements are superposed.
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[1] Ferguson B, Zhang X C 2002 Nat. Mater. 1 26
Google Scholar
[2] Yen T J, Padilla W J, Fang N, Vier D C, Smith D R, Pendry J B, Basov D N, Zhang X J 2004 Science 303 1494
Google Scholar
[3] Wang K L, Mittleman D M 2004 Nature 432 376
Google Scholar
[4] Chen H T, Padilla W J, Zide J M O, Gossard A C, Taylor A J, Averitt R D 2006 Nature 444 597
Google Scholar
[5] Tonouchi M 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 97
Google Scholar
[6] Huang K C, Wang Z C 2011 IEEE Microw. Mag. 12 108
Google Scholar
[7] Oh S J, Huh Y M, Haam S, Suh J S, Son J H 2012 37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves Wollongong, Australia, September 23−28, 2012 p1
[8] Kemp M C, Taday P F, Cole B E, Cluff J A, Fitzgerald A J, Tribe W R 2003 Terahertz for Millitary and Security Applications Orlando, USA, July 29, 2003 p44
[9] Nagel M, Bolivar P H, Burcherseifer M, Bosserhoff H K, Buttner R 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 154
Google Scholar
[10] Mickan S, Abbott D, Munch J, Zhang X C, Doorn T 2000 Microelectron. J. 31 503
Google Scholar
[11] He Y J, Chen Y L, Zhang L, Wong S W, Chen Z N 2020 China Commun. 17 124
Google Scholar
[12] Awad M, Nagel M, Kurz H, Herfort J, Ploog K 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 181124
Google Scholar
[13] Tiedje H F, Saeedkia D, Nagel M, Haugen H K 2010 IEEE T. Microw. Theory 58 2040
Google Scholar
[14] Yang X X, Vorobiev A, Yang J, Jeppson K, Stake J 2020 IEEE T. THz. Sci. Techn. 10 554
Google Scholar
[15] Knotts M E, Denison D R 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference Long Beach, USA, May 21−26, 2006 p24
[16] Berenger J P 1994 J. Comput. Phys. 114 185
Google Scholar
[17] Berenger J P 1996 J. Comput. Phys. 127 363
Google Scholar
[18] Berenger J P 1996 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 44 110
Google Scholar
[19] Weiland T 1996 Int. J. Numer. Model. El. 9 295
[20] Weiland T, Timm M, Munteanu I 2008 IEEE Microw. Mag. 9 62
Google Scholar
[21] Darrow J T, Zhang X C, Auston D H, Morse J D 1992 IEEE J. Quantum Elect. 28 1607
Google Scholar
[22] Benicewicz P K, Roberts J P, Taylor A J 1994 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 2533
Google Scholar
[23] Hattori T, Tukamoto K, Nakatsuka H 2001 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 4907
Google Scholar
[24] Tani M, Matsuura S, Sakai K, Nakashima S 1997 Appl. Optics 36 7853
Google Scholar
[25] Liu H, Ji W L, Shi W 2008 PIERS Online 4 386
Google Scholar
[26] Yan Z J, Shi W, Hou L, Xu M, Yang L, Dong C G, Li S T 2017 Mater. Res. Express 4 015304
Google Scholar
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