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The 15-MA driver is powered by 24 linear-transformer-driver (LTD) modules connected electrically in parallel. The magnetically-insulated-transmission-line (MITL) system of the 15-MA driver adopts a four-level design. It is expected that the primary source delivers a more than 15 MA current to a physics load. The typical one-dimensional steady-state pressure-balance model is adopted to calculate the electron flow current of the outer MITLs of the 15-MA driver after the magnetic insulation has been established. The cathode plasma expansion and the collisional flow electrons are considered on the basis of that model. Multiple designs with different characteristic parameters of the MITL system include the vacuum impedance of the constant-impedance segment of the outer-MITL, the minimum gap of the outer-MITL, and the location of the post-hole convolute (PHC). The flow currents of these designs are calculated in three typical times (1/3 peak load current time, peak load current time, and 5 ns before the Z-pinch stagnation) by establishing the equivalent circuit model of the 15-MA driver. The influences of these characteristic parameters on the electrical pulse transmission and convergence of the 15 MA driver are obtained. The calculation results show that the electron flow current at the end of MITL is greatly affected by the impedance of the end of MITL after the electron flow current has entered into the steady state magnetic insulation. The flow current decreases from 184.7 kA to 106.9 kA, while the load current is reduced by 0.5 MA, as the vacuum impedance increases from 0.42 Ω to 0.84 Ω. This is mainly because the central inductance increases by about 1.43 nH (from 9.94 nH to 11.37 nH). In the time of 5 ns before load stagnation, the flow current decreases from 181.9 kA to 85.1 kA as the minimum gap of the outer-MITL increases from 7.10 mm to 14.00 mm, and the peak load current drops only by about 0.1 MA. The flow current and load current decrease slowly as the location radius of the PHC decreases until the radius decreases to 7.65 mm. The research in this paper is helpful in guiding the structure optimization for the central converging region of future Z-pinch driver.
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Keywords:
- Z-pinch /
- magnetically insulated transmission line /
- electron flow current /
- vacuum impedance
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Google Scholar
[8] Madrid E A, Rose D V, Welch D R, et al. 2013 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16 120401
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[10] Gomez M R, Gilgenbach R M, Cuneo M E, et al. 2017 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 20 010401
Google Scholar
[11] Waisman E M, Desjarlais M P, Cuneo M E 2019 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22 030402
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[13] Mazarakis M G, Cuneo M E, Fowler W E, et al. 2013 The 19 th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference San Francisco, CA, USA, June 16−21 2013 p1
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Gong Z Z, Wei H, Fan S Y, Sun F J, Wu H Y, Qiu A C 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 105202
Google Scholar
[18] Stygar W A, Wagoner T C, Ives H C, et al. 2006 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 9 090401
Google Scholar
[19] Stygar W A, Corcoran P A, Ives H C, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12 120401
Google Scholar
[20] Jennings C A, Chittenden J P, Cuneo M E, et al. 2010 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 38 529
Google Scholar
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图 1 15 MA装置中心汇流区示意图 (a) MITL结构示意图; (b)电路编码示意图
Figure 1. Cross-sectional view of the central converging region of the 15 MA driver: (a) Schematic drawing of MITL; (b) coding diagram.
图 2 三种模型计算15 MA装置MITL末端鞘层电子流对比
Figure 2. Comparison of the electron flow currents of the 15 MA driver of the three models.
图 3 15 MA装置D层MITL三个典型位置鞘层电子流对比
Figure 3. Comparison of the electron flow currents in three typical locations of D-level MITL of the 15 MA driver.
图 4 外层MITL恒阻抗段真空阻抗对鞘层电子流和负载电流的影响, 图中虚线表示负载电流, 实线表示鞘层电子流
Figure 4. Influence of the vacuum impedance of constant-impedance MITL on the electron flow current and load current. The dotted lines in the figure represent the load currents, and the solid lines represent the electron flow currents.
图 5 外层MITL最小间隙距离对鞘层电子流和负载电流的影响, 图中虚线表示负载电流, 实线表示鞘层电子流
Figure 5. Influence of the minimum gap of outer MITL on the electron flow current and load current. The dotted lines in the figure represent the load currents, and the solid lines represent the electron flow currents.
图 6 PHC位置半径对鞘层电子流和负载电流的影响, 图中虚线表示负载电流, 实线表示鞘层电子流
Figure 6. Influence of the location of PHC on the electron flow current and load current. The dotted lines in the figure represent the load currents, and the solid lines represent the electron flow currents.
表 1 几种MITL典型参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of the structural parameters of the MITL of the different designs.
组 A层阻抗ZA/Ω B层阻抗ZB/Ω C层阻抗ZC/Ω D层阻抗ZD/Ω 四层并联阻抗ZMITL/Ω 最小间隙距离h/mm PHC位置半径rcon/cm 中心区初始
电感/nHⅠ 2.83 2.83 4.24 4.24 0.84 10.00 7.65 11.37 Ⅱ 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 0.60 10.00 7.65 10.50 Ⅲ 1.41 1.41 2.12 2.12 0.42 10.00 7.65 9.94 Ⅳ 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 0.60 14.10 7.65 10.84 Ⅴ 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 0.60 7.10 7.65 10.33 Ⅵ 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 0.60 10.00 10.82 10.90 Ⅶ 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 0.60 10.00 5.41 10.11 
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[1] Hutsel B T, Corcoran P A, Cuneo M E, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 21 030401
Google Scholar
[2] 邹文康, 郭帆, 王贵林, 陈林, 卫兵, 宋盛义 2015 高电压技术 41 1844
Google Scholar
Zou W K, Guo F, Wang G L, Chen L, Wei B, Song S Y 2015 High Volt. Eng. 41 1844
Google Scholar
[3] Deng J J, Xie W P, Feng S P, et al. 2016 Matter Radiat. Extremes 1 48
Google Scholar
[4] Stygar W A, Awe T J, Bailey J E, et al. 2015 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18 110401
Google Scholar
[5] Spielman R B, Froula D H, Brent G, et al. 2017 Matter Radiat. Extremes 5 204
Google Scholar
[6] Spielman R B, Reisman D B 2019 Matter Radiat. Extremes 4 027402
Google Scholar
[7] Chen L, Zou W K, Zhou L J, et al. 2019 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22 030401
Google Scholar
[8] Madrid E A, Rose D V, Welch D R, et al. 2013 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16 120401
Google Scholar
[9] Rose D V, Madrid E A, Welch D R, Clark R E, Mostrom C B, Stygar W A, Cuneo M E 2015 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 18 030402
Google Scholar
[10] Gomez M R, Gilgenbach R M, Cuneo M E, et al. 2017 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 20 010401
Google Scholar
[11] Waisman E M, Desjarlais M P, Cuneo M E 2019 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22 030402
Google Scholar
[12] Rose D V, Waisman E M, Desjarlais M P, Hutsel B T, Cuneo M E, Welch D, Bennett N, Laity G R 2020 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 23 080401
Google Scholar
[13] Mazarakis M G, Cuneo M E, Fowler W E, et al. 2013 The 19 th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference San Francisco, CA, USA, June 16−21 2013 p1
[14] Bennett N, Welch D R, Jennings C A, et al. 2019 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22 120401
Google Scholar
[15] Bennett N, Welch D R, Laity G, Rose D V, Cuneo M E 2021 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 24 060401
Google Scholar
[16] Welch D R, Bennett N, Genoni T C, Thoma C, Rose. D V 2020 Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 23 110401
Google Scholar
[17] 龚振洲, 魏浩, 范思源, 孙凤举, 吴撼宇, 邱爱慈 2022 物理学报 71 105202
Google Scholar
Gong Z Z, Wei H, Fan S Y, Sun F J, Wu H Y, Qiu A C 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 105202
Google Scholar
[18] Stygar W A, Wagoner T C, Ives H C, et al. 2006 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 9 090401
Google Scholar
[19] Stygar W A, Corcoran P A, Ives H C, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12 120401
Google Scholar
[20] Jennings C A, Chittenden J P, Cuneo M E, et al. 2010 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 38 529
Google Scholar
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