Magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque of Weyl semimetal WTe<sub>2</sub>

Wei Lu-Jun; Li Yang-Hui; Pu Yong

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231836

Abstract

The Wely semimetal WTe₂ exhibits significant spin-orbit coupling characteristics and can generate unconventional spin current with out-of-plane polarization, which has become a hotspot in recent years. Meanwhile, WTe₂ also has high charge-spin conversion efficiency, allowing perpendicular magnetization to be switched deterministically without the assistance of an external magnetic field, which is critical for the high-density integration of low-power magnetic random-access memories. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent advances in the research on spin orbit torque in heterostructures composed of WTe₂ and ferromagnetic layers, focusing on progress of research on the detection and magnetization switching in the spin orbit torque of heterojunctions composed of WTe₂ prepared by different methods (e.g. mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition) and ferromagnetic layers such as conventional magnets (e.g, FeNi and CoFeB, etc.) and two-dimensional magnets (e.g. Fe₃GeTe₂, etc.). Finally, the prospect of related research is discussed.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Provence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

Corresponding author: Pu Yong, yongpu@njupt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52001169, 61874060, U1932159, 61911530220) and the Introduction Talent Research Launch Fund of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China (Grant Nos. NY219164, NY217118).

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Baibich M N, Broto J M, Fert A, Nguyen V D F, Petroff F, Etienne P, Creuzet G, Friederich A, Chazelas J 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 2472 Google Scholar
[2]	Binasch G, Grünberg P, Saurenbach F, Zinn W 1989 Phys. Rev. B 39 4828 Google Scholar
[3]	Moodera J S, Kinder L R, Wong T M, Meservey R 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3273 Google Scholar
[4]	Parkin S S, Hayashi M, Thomas L 2008 Science 320 190 Google Scholar
[5]	Claude C, Albert F, Frédéric N V D 2007 Nature 6 813 Google Scholar
[6]	Albert F J, Katine J A, Buhrman R A, Ralph D C 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3809 Google Scholar
[7]	Katine J A, Albert F J A, Buhrman R A 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 3149 Google Scholar
[8]	Brataas A, Kent A D, Ohno H 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 372 Google Scholar
[9]	Liu L, Lee O J, Gudmundsen T J, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 096602 Google Scholar
[10]	Liu L, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Science 336 555 Google Scholar
[11]	Slonczewski J C 1996 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 159 L1 Google Scholar
[12]	何聪丽, 许洪军, 汤建, 王潇, 魏晋武, 申世鹏, 陈庆强, 邵启明, 于国强, 张广宇, 王守国 2021 物理学报 70 127501 Google Scholar He C L, Xu H J, Tang J, Wang X, Wei J W, Shen S P, Chen Q Q, Shao Q M, Yu G Q, Zhang G Y, Wang S G 2021 Acta. Phys. Sin. 70 127501 Google Scholar
[13]	Tang W, Liu H L, Li Z, Pan A L, Zeng Y J 2021 Adv. Sci. 8 2100847 Google Scholar
[14]	Miron I M, Garello K, Gaudin G, Zermatten P J, Costache M V, Auffret S, Bandiera S, Rodmacq B, Schuhl A, Gambardella P 2011 Nature 476 189 Google Scholar
[15]	Miron I M, Moore T, Szambolics H, Buda-Prejbeanu L D, Auffret S, Rodmacq B, Pizzini S, Vogel J, Bonfim M, Schuhl A, Gaudin G 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 419 Google Scholar
[16]	Demidov V E, Urazhdin S, Ulrichs H, Tiberkevich V, Slavin A, Baither D, Schmitz G, Demokritov S O 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 1028 Google Scholar
[17]	Yang S H, Ryu K S, Parkin S 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 221 Google Scholar
[18]	Tang W, Zhou Z W, Nie Y Z, Xia Q L, Zeng Z M, Guo G H 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 172402 Google Scholar
[19]	Avci C O, Quindeau A, Pai C F, Mann M, Caretta L, Tang A S, Onbasli M C, Ross C A, Beach G S D 2016 Nat. Mater. 16 309 Google Scholar
[20]	Ryu J, Lee S, Lee K J, Park B G 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 1907148 Google Scholar
[21]	Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 036601 Google Scholar
[22]	Fukami S, Zhang C, DuttaGupta S, Kurenkov A, Ohno H 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 535 Google Scholar
[23]	Cai K M, Yang M Y, Ju H L, Wang S M, Ji Y, Li B H, Edmonds K W, Sheng Y, Zhang B, Zhang N, Liu S, Zheng H Z, Wang K Y 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 712 Google Scholar
[24]	Baek S C, Amin V P, Oh Y W, Go G, Lee S J, Lee G H, Kim K J, Stiles M D, Park B G, Lee K J 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 509 Google Scholar
[25]	Ma Q, Li Y, Gopman D B, Kabanov Y P, Shull R D, Chien C L 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 117703 Google Scholar
[26]	Sheng Y, Edmonds K W, Ma X, Zheng H, Wang K Y 2018 Adv. Electron. Mater. 4 1800224 Google Scholar
[27]	Bekele Z A, Liu X H, Cao Y, Wang K Y 2020 Adv. Electron. Mater. 7 2000793 Google Scholar
[28]	Cao Y, Sheng Y, Edmonds K W, Ji Y, Zheng H, Wang K Y 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 e1907929 Google Scholar
[29]	Yuan H, Bahramy M S, Morimoto K, Wu S, Nomura K, Yang B J, Shimotani H, Suzuki R, Toh M, Kloc C, Xu X, Arita R, Nagaosa N, Iwasa Y 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 563 Google Scholar
[30]	Jungfleisch M B, Zhang W, Sklenar J, Ding J, Jiang W, Chang H, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Ketterson J B, Novosad V, Wu M, Hoffmann A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 057601 Google Scholar
[31]	Deng K, Wan G L, Deng P, Zhang K N, Ding S J, Wang E Y, Yan M Z, Huang H Q, Zhang H Y, Xu Z L, Denlinger J, Fedorov A, Yang H T, Duan W H, Yao H, Wu Y, Fan S S, Zhang H J, Chen X, Zhou S Y 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 1105 Google Scholar
[32]	MacNeill D, Stiehl G M, Guimarães M H D, Reynolds N D, Buhrman R A, Ralph D C 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 054450 Google Scholar
[33]	Lü W M, Jia Z Y, Wang B C, Lu Y, Luo X, Zhang B S, Zeng Z M, Liu Z Y 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 2843 Google Scholar
[34]	Li Q, Yan J Q, Yang B, Zang Y Y, Zhang J J, He K, Wu M H, Zhao Y F, Mandrus D, Wang J, Xue Q K, Chi L F, Singh D J, Pan M 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 115419 Google Scholar
[35]	Johansson A, Henk J, Mertig I 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 085417 Google Scholar
[36]	Sun Y, Zhang Y, Felser C, Yan B H 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 146403 Google Scholar
[37]	Jiang J, Tang F, Pan X C, Liu H M, Niu X H, Wang Y X, Xu D F, Yang H F, Xie B P, Song F Q, Dudin P, Kim T K, Hoesch M, Das P K, Vobornik I, Wan X G, Feng D L 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 166601 Google Scholar
[38]	MacNeill D, Stiehl G M S, Guimaraes M H D, Buhrman R A, Park J, Ralph D C 2016 Nat. Phys. 13 300 Google Scholar
[39]	Kao I H, Muzzio R, Zhang H, Zhu M, Gobbo J, Yuan S, Weber D, Rao R, Li J, Edgar J H, Goldberger J E, Yan J, Mandrus D G, Hwang J, Cheng R, Katoch J, Singh S 2022 Nat. Mater. 21 1029 Google Scholar
[40]	Ye X G, Zhu P F, Xu W Z, Shang N Z, Liu K H, Liao Z M 2022 Chin. Phys. Lett. 39 037303 Google Scholar
[41]	Wang L Z, Xiong J L, Cheng B, Dai Y D, Wang F Y, Pan C, Cao T J, Liu X W, Wang P F, Chen M Y, Yan S N, Liu Z L, Xiao J J, Xu X H, Wang Z L, Shi Y G, Cheong S W, Zhang H J, Liang S J, Miao F 2022 Sci. Adv. 8 6833 Google Scholar
[42]	Wang X R, Wu H, Qiu R Z, Huang X H, Zhang J R, Long J W, Yao Y X, Zhao Y R, Zhu Z F, Wang J Y, Shi S Y, Chang H X, Zhao W S 2023 Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 4 101468 Google Scholar
[43]	Xie Q, Lin W, Sarkar S, Shu X, Chen S, Liu L, Zhao T, Zhou C, Wang H, Zhou J, Gradečak S, Chen J 2021 APL Mater. 9 051114 Google Scholar
[44]	Wei L J, Yin X M, Liu P, Zhang P C, Niu W, Liu P, Yang J J, Peng J C, Huang F, Liu R B, Chen J R, Chen L, Zhou S, Li F, Niu X H, Du J, Pu Y 2023 Appl. Phys. Lett. 123 252404 Google Scholar
[45]	Shi S Y, Liang S H, Zhu Z F, Cai K M, Pollard S D, Wang Y, Wang J Y, Wang Q S, He P, Yu J W, Eda G, Liang G C, Yang H 2019 Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 945 Google Scholar
[46]	Lü W X, Xue H W, Cai J L, Chen Q, Zhang B S, Zhang Z Z, Zeng Z M 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 118 052406 Google Scholar
[47]	Shi S Y, Li J, Hsu C H, Lee K, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang J Y, Wang Q S, Wu H, Zhang W, Eda G, Liang G C, Chang H, Yang H 2021 Adv. Quantum Technol. 4 2100038 Google Scholar
[48]	Rhodes D, Das S, Zhang Q R, Zeng B, Pradhan N R, Kikugawa N, Manousakis E, Balicas L 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 125152 Google Scholar
[49]	Zhao B, Khokhriakov D, Zhang Y, Fu H, Karpiak B, Hoque A M, Xu X, Jiang Y, Yan B, Dash S P 2020 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 013286 Google Scholar
[50]	Ali M N, Xiong J, Flynn S, Tao J, Gibson Q D, Schoop L M, Liang T, Haldolaarachchige N, Hirschberger M, Ong N P, Cava R J 2014 Nature 514 205 Google Scholar
[51]	Brown B E 1966 Acta Cryst. 20 264 Google Scholar
[52]	Hang X, Talapatra A, Chen X, Luo Z Y, Wu Y H 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 118 042401 Google Scholar
[53]	Peng C W, Liao W B, Chen T Y, Pai C F 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 15950 Google Scholar
[54]	Li X, Li P, Hou V D H, Dc M, Nien C H, Xue F, Yi D, Bi C, Lee C M, Lin S J, Tsai W, Suzuki Y, Wang S X 2021 Matter 4 1639 Google Scholar
[55]	Wang Y, Zhu D, Wu Y, Yang Y, Yu J, Ramaswamy R, Mishra R, Shi S, Elyasi M, Teo K L, Wu Y, Yang H 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1364 Google Scholar
[56]	Zhao B, Karpiak B, Khokhriakov D, Johansson A, Hoque A M, Xu X, Jiang Y, Mertig I, Dash S P 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 2000818 Google Scholar
[57]	Shin I, Cho W J, An E S, Park S, Jeong H, Jang S, Baek W J, Park S Y, Yang D, Seo J H, Kim G, Ali M N, Choi S, Lee H, Kim J S, Kim S D, Lee G H 2022 Adv. Mater. 34 2101730 Google Scholar
[58]	Tian C K, Pan F H, Xu S, Ai K, Xia T L, Cheng P 2020 Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 202402 Google Scholar
[59]	Alahmed L, Nepal B, Macy J, Zheng W, Casas B, Sapkota A, Jones N, Mazza A R, Brahlek M, Jin W, Mahjouri-Samani M, Zhang S S L, Mewes C, Balicas L, Mewes T, Li P 2021 2D Mater 8 045030 Google Scholar
[60]	Zhao B, Ngaloy R, Ghosh S, Ershadrad S, Gupta R, Ali K, Hoque A M, Karpiak B, Khokhriakov D, Polley C, Thiagarajan B, Kalaboukhov A, Svedlindh P, Sanyal B, Dash S P 2023 Adv. Mater. 35 2209113 Google Scholar
[61]	Zhang X Q, Lu Q S, Liu W Q, Niu W, Sun J B, Cook J, Vaninger M, Miceli P F, Singh D J, Lian S W, Chang T R, He X Q, Du J, He L, Zhang R, Bian G, Xu Y B 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 2492 Google Scholar
[62]	Zhang G J, Guo F, Wu H, Wen X K, Yang L, Jin W, Zhang W F, Chang H X 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 5067 Google Scholar
[63]	Pan H Y, Zhang C S, Shi J Y, Hu X Q, Wang N Z, An L H, Duan R H, Deb P, Liu Z, Gao W B 2023 ACS Mater. Lett. 5 2226 Google Scholar
[64]	Liu S S, Yuan X, Zou Y C, Sheng Y, Huang C, Zhang E Z, Ling J W, Liu Y W, Wang W Y, Zhang C, Zou J, Wang K Y, Xiu F X 2017 npj 2D Mater. Appl. 1 30 Google Scholar
[65]	Liu Y K, Shi G Y, Kumar D, Kim T, Shi S Y, Yang D S, Zhang J T, Zhang C H, Wang F, Yang S H, Pu Y C, Yu P, Cai K M, Yang H 2023 Nat. Electron. 6 732 Google Scholar
[66]	Zhang Y, Xu H J, Jia K, Lan G B, Huang Z H, He B, He C L, Shao Q M, Wang Y Z, Zhao M K, Ma T Y, Dong J, Guo C Y, Cheng C, Feng J F, Wan C H, Wei H X, Shi Y G, Zhang G Y, Han X F, Yu G Q 2023 Sci. Adv. 9 eadg9819 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 WTe₂晶体结构

Figure 1. Crystal structure of WTe₂.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) τ_S/τ_B和τ_T/τ_B分别与WTe₂厚度的关系; (b)单层和双层的WTe₂/Py器件的二次谐波霍尔电压与外加磁场角度关系, τ_B的符号反转反映在发现峰值信号的不同角度上^[32]

Figure 2. (a) Ratios of the τ_S/τ_B and τ_T/τ_B as a function of WTe₂ thickness; (b) second-harmonic Hall data for a WTe₂/Py device with a monolayer bilayer WTe₂, as a function of the angle of the applied magnetic field. The sign reversal of τ_B is reflected in the different angles at which the peak signals are found^[32].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a)电流沿WTe₂ a轴诱导磁化翻转特性^[42]; (b)在WTe₂/Fe₃GeTe₂异质结中SOT诱导的无场磁化翻转^[40]

Figure 3. (a) The current-induced magnetization switching behavior along the a axis of WTe₂^[42]; (b) SOT-induced field-free switching in WTe₂/Fe₃GeTe₂ bilayers^[40].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 实验研究工作中WTe₂晶体的制备方法、铁磁层材料和WTe₂/FM异质结的SOT的表征方法、测试温度和自旋霍尔电导率

Table 1. Preparation method of WTe₂ crystal, FM material, measurement method, experimental temperature and spin Hall conductivity for SOT in WTe₂/FM heterostructures.

制备方法	铁磁层材料	表征方法	测试温度/K	自旋霍尔电导率 $ / {10^3}~({\hbar /{2{{e}}}}) {(\Omega {\cdot} {\text{m}})^{ - 1}} $	文献
Exfoliation	Py	ST-FMR	300	σ_S = 8 ± 2 σ_A = 9 ± 3 σ_B = 3.6 ± 0.8	[38]
	Py	SHH/ST-FMR	300	σ_S, σ_T, σ_A, σ_B observed	[32]
	Py	ST-FMR/SHH	300	σ_S, σ_A, σ_B observed	[45]
	Fe_2.78GeTe₂	AHE loop shift	150—190	σ_B observed	[39]
	Fe₃GeTe₂	Current-driven MS	110—135	σ_B observed	[40]
	Fe₃GeTe₂	AHE loop shift	120	σ_B observed	[41]
	SrRuO₃	AHE loop shift	40	σ_B observed	[43]
	CoTb	SHH	300	σ_S, σ_T observed	[46]
CVD	FeNi	ST-FMR	300	σ_OP = 1.76 σ_IP = 7.36	[47]
CVD	CoFeB	AHE loop shift/SHH	300	σ_OP = 2.05 ± 0.39 σ_IP = 3.58 ± 0.12	[42]
注: σ_S, σ_T, σ_B和σ_A分别表示面内类阻尼SOT、面内类场SOT、面外类阻尼SOT和面外类场SOT相关的自旋霍尔电导率; σ_OP和σ_IP分别表示面外和面内自旋霍尔电导率; ST-FMR, SHH, AHE loop shift和Current-driven MS分别表示自旋力矩-铁磁共振、二次谐波测量技术、反常霍尔效应回线偏移和电流驱动的磁化开关测试测试方法; CVD表示化学气相沉积.

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Baibich M N, Broto J M, Fert A, Nguyen V D F, Petroff F, Etienne P, Creuzet G, Friederich A, Chazelas J 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 2472 Google Scholar
[2]	Binasch G, Grünberg P, Saurenbach F, Zinn W 1989 Phys. Rev. B 39 4828 Google Scholar
[3]	Moodera J S, Kinder L R, Wong T M, Meservey R 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3273 Google Scholar
[4]	Parkin S S, Hayashi M, Thomas L 2008 Science 320 190 Google Scholar
[5]	Claude C, Albert F, Frédéric N V D 2007 Nature 6 813 Google Scholar
[6]	Albert F J, Katine J A, Buhrman R A, Ralph D C 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 3809 Google Scholar
[7]	Katine J A, Albert F J A, Buhrman R A 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 3149 Google Scholar
[8]	Brataas A, Kent A D, Ohno H 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 372 Google Scholar
[9]	Liu L, Lee O J, Gudmundsen T J, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 096602 Google Scholar
[10]	Liu L, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Science 336 555 Google Scholar
[11]	Slonczewski J C 1996 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 159 L1 Google Scholar
[12]	何聪丽, 许洪军, 汤建, 王潇, 魏晋武, 申世鹏, 陈庆强, 邵启明, 于国强, 张广宇, 王守国 2021 物理学报 70 127501 Google Scholar He C L, Xu H J, Tang J, Wang X, Wei J W, Shen S P, Chen Q Q, Shao Q M, Yu G Q, Zhang G Y, Wang S G 2021 Acta. Phys. Sin. 70 127501 Google Scholar
[13]	Tang W, Liu H L, Li Z, Pan A L, Zeng Y J 2021 Adv. Sci. 8 2100847 Google Scholar
[14]	Miron I M, Garello K, Gaudin G, Zermatten P J, Costache M V, Auffret S, Bandiera S, Rodmacq B, Schuhl A, Gambardella P 2011 Nature 476 189 Google Scholar
[15]	Miron I M, Moore T, Szambolics H, Buda-Prejbeanu L D, Auffret S, Rodmacq B, Pizzini S, Vogel J, Bonfim M, Schuhl A, Gaudin G 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 419 Google Scholar
[16]	Demidov V E, Urazhdin S, Ulrichs H, Tiberkevich V, Slavin A, Baither D, Schmitz G, Demokritov S O 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 1028 Google Scholar
[17]	Yang S H, Ryu K S, Parkin S 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 221 Google Scholar
[18]	Tang W, Zhou Z W, Nie Y Z, Xia Q L, Zeng Z M, Guo G H 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 172402 Google Scholar
[19]	Avci C O, Quindeau A, Pai C F, Mann M, Caretta L, Tang A S, Onbasli M C, Ross C A, Beach G S D 2016 Nat. Mater. 16 309 Google Scholar
[20]	Ryu J, Lee S, Lee K J, Park B G 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 1907148 Google Scholar
[21]	Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 036601 Google Scholar
[22]	Fukami S, Zhang C, DuttaGupta S, Kurenkov A, Ohno H 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 535 Google Scholar
[23]	Cai K M, Yang M Y, Ju H L, Wang S M, Ji Y, Li B H, Edmonds K W, Sheng Y, Zhang B, Zhang N, Liu S, Zheng H Z, Wang K Y 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 712 Google Scholar
[24]	Baek S C, Amin V P, Oh Y W, Go G, Lee S J, Lee G H, Kim K J, Stiles M D, Park B G, Lee K J 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 509 Google Scholar
[25]	Ma Q, Li Y, Gopman D B, Kabanov Y P, Shull R D, Chien C L 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 117703 Google Scholar
[26]	Sheng Y, Edmonds K W, Ma X, Zheng H, Wang K Y 2018 Adv. Electron. Mater. 4 1800224 Google Scholar
[27]	Bekele Z A, Liu X H, Cao Y, Wang K Y 2020 Adv. Electron. Mater. 7 2000793 Google Scholar
[28]	Cao Y, Sheng Y, Edmonds K W, Ji Y, Zheng H, Wang K Y 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 e1907929 Google Scholar
[29]	Yuan H, Bahramy M S, Morimoto K, Wu S, Nomura K, Yang B J, Shimotani H, Suzuki R, Toh M, Kloc C, Xu X, Arita R, Nagaosa N, Iwasa Y 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 563 Google Scholar
[30]	Jungfleisch M B, Zhang W, Sklenar J, Ding J, Jiang W, Chang H, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Ketterson J B, Novosad V, Wu M, Hoffmann A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 057601 Google Scholar
[31]	Deng K, Wan G L, Deng P, Zhang K N, Ding S J, Wang E Y, Yan M Z, Huang H Q, Zhang H Y, Xu Z L, Denlinger J, Fedorov A, Yang H T, Duan W H, Yao H, Wu Y, Fan S S, Zhang H J, Chen X, Zhou S Y 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 1105 Google Scholar
[32]	MacNeill D, Stiehl G M, Guimarães M H D, Reynolds N D, Buhrman R A, Ralph D C 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 054450 Google Scholar
[33]	Lü W M, Jia Z Y, Wang B C, Lu Y, Luo X, Zhang B S, Zeng Z M, Liu Z Y 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 2843 Google Scholar
[34]	Li Q, Yan J Q, Yang B, Zang Y Y, Zhang J J, He K, Wu M H, Zhao Y F, Mandrus D, Wang J, Xue Q K, Chi L F, Singh D J, Pan M 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 115419 Google Scholar
[35]	Johansson A, Henk J, Mertig I 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 085417 Google Scholar
[36]	Sun Y, Zhang Y, Felser C, Yan B H 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 146403 Google Scholar
[37]	Jiang J, Tang F, Pan X C, Liu H M, Niu X H, Wang Y X, Xu D F, Yang H F, Xie B P, Song F Q, Dudin P, Kim T K, Hoesch M, Das P K, Vobornik I, Wan X G, Feng D L 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 166601 Google Scholar
[38]	MacNeill D, Stiehl G M S, Guimaraes M H D, Buhrman R A, Park J, Ralph D C 2016 Nat. Phys. 13 300 Google Scholar
[39]	Kao I H, Muzzio R, Zhang H, Zhu M, Gobbo J, Yuan S, Weber D, Rao R, Li J, Edgar J H, Goldberger J E, Yan J, Mandrus D G, Hwang J, Cheng R, Katoch J, Singh S 2022 Nat. Mater. 21 1029 Google Scholar
[40]	Ye X G, Zhu P F, Xu W Z, Shang N Z, Liu K H, Liao Z M 2022 Chin. Phys. Lett. 39 037303 Google Scholar
[41]	Wang L Z, Xiong J L, Cheng B, Dai Y D, Wang F Y, Pan C, Cao T J, Liu X W, Wang P F, Chen M Y, Yan S N, Liu Z L, Xiao J J, Xu X H, Wang Z L, Shi Y G, Cheong S W, Zhang H J, Liang S J, Miao F 2022 Sci. Adv. 8 6833 Google Scholar
[42]	Wang X R, Wu H, Qiu R Z, Huang X H, Zhang J R, Long J W, Yao Y X, Zhao Y R, Zhu Z F, Wang J Y, Shi S Y, Chang H X, Zhao W S 2023 Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 4 101468 Google Scholar
[43]	Xie Q, Lin W, Sarkar S, Shu X, Chen S, Liu L, Zhao T, Zhou C, Wang H, Zhou J, Gradečak S, Chen J 2021 APL Mater. 9 051114 Google Scholar
[44]	Wei L J, Yin X M, Liu P, Zhang P C, Niu W, Liu P, Yang J J, Peng J C, Huang F, Liu R B, Chen J R, Chen L, Zhou S, Li F, Niu X H, Du J, Pu Y 2023 Appl. Phys. Lett. 123 252404 Google Scholar
[45]	Shi S Y, Liang S H, Zhu Z F, Cai K M, Pollard S D, Wang Y, Wang J Y, Wang Q S, He P, Yu J W, Eda G, Liang G C, Yang H 2019 Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 945 Google Scholar
[46]	Lü W X, Xue H W, Cai J L, Chen Q, Zhang B S, Zhang Z Z, Zeng Z M 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 118 052406 Google Scholar
[47]	Shi S Y, Li J, Hsu C H, Lee K, Wang Y, Yang L, Wang J Y, Wang Q S, Wu H, Zhang W, Eda G, Liang G C, Chang H, Yang H 2021 Adv. Quantum Technol. 4 2100038 Google Scholar
[48]	Rhodes D, Das S, Zhang Q R, Zeng B, Pradhan N R, Kikugawa N, Manousakis E, Balicas L 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 125152 Google Scholar
[49]	Zhao B, Khokhriakov D, Zhang Y, Fu H, Karpiak B, Hoque A M, Xu X, Jiang Y, Yan B, Dash S P 2020 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 013286 Google Scholar
[50]	Ali M N, Xiong J, Flynn S, Tao J, Gibson Q D, Schoop L M, Liang T, Haldolaarachchige N, Hirschberger M, Ong N P, Cava R J 2014 Nature 514 205 Google Scholar
[51]	Brown B E 1966 Acta Cryst. 20 264 Google Scholar
[52]	Hang X, Talapatra A, Chen X, Luo Z Y, Wu Y H 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 118 042401 Google Scholar
[53]	Peng C W, Liao W B, Chen T Y, Pai C F 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13 15950 Google Scholar
[54]	Li X, Li P, Hou V D H, Dc M, Nien C H, Xue F, Yi D, Bi C, Lee C M, Lin S J, Tsai W, Suzuki Y, Wang S X 2021 Matter 4 1639 Google Scholar
[55]	Wang Y, Zhu D, Wu Y, Yang Y, Yu J, Ramaswamy R, Mishra R, Shi S, Elyasi M, Teo K L, Wu Y, Yang H 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1364 Google Scholar
[56]	Zhao B, Karpiak B, Khokhriakov D, Johansson A, Hoque A M, Xu X, Jiang Y, Mertig I, Dash S P 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 2000818 Google Scholar
[57]	Shin I, Cho W J, An E S, Park S, Jeong H, Jang S, Baek W J, Park S Y, Yang D, Seo J H, Kim G, Ali M N, Choi S, Lee H, Kim J S, Kim S D, Lee G H 2022 Adv. Mater. 34 2101730 Google Scholar
[58]	Tian C K, Pan F H, Xu S, Ai K, Xia T L, Cheng P 2020 Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 202402 Google Scholar
[59]	Alahmed L, Nepal B, Macy J, Zheng W, Casas B, Sapkota A, Jones N, Mazza A R, Brahlek M, Jin W, Mahjouri-Samani M, Zhang S S L, Mewes C, Balicas L, Mewes T, Li P 2021 2D Mater 8 045030 Google Scholar
[60]	Zhao B, Ngaloy R, Ghosh S, Ershadrad S, Gupta R, Ali K, Hoque A M, Karpiak B, Khokhriakov D, Polley C, Thiagarajan B, Kalaboukhov A, Svedlindh P, Sanyal B, Dash S P 2023 Adv. Mater. 35 2209113 Google Scholar
[61]	Zhang X Q, Lu Q S, Liu W Q, Niu W, Sun J B, Cook J, Vaninger M, Miceli P F, Singh D J, Lian S W, Chang T R, He X Q, Du J, He L, Zhang R, Bian G, Xu Y B 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 2492 Google Scholar
[62]	Zhang G J, Guo F, Wu H, Wen X K, Yang L, Jin W, Zhang W F, Chang H X 2022 Nat. Commun. 13 5067 Google Scholar
[63]	Pan H Y, Zhang C S, Shi J Y, Hu X Q, Wang N Z, An L H, Duan R H, Deb P, Liu Z, Gao W B 2023 ACS Mater. Lett. 5 2226 Google Scholar
[64]	Liu S S, Yuan X, Zou Y C, Sheng Y, Huang C, Zhang E Z, Ling J W, Liu Y W, Wang W Y, Zhang C, Zou J, Wang K Y, Xiu F X 2017 npj 2D Mater. Appl. 1 30 Google Scholar
[65]	Liu Y K, Shi G Y, Kumar D, Kim T, Shi S Y, Yang D S, Zhang J T, Zhang C H, Wang F, Yang S H, Pu Y C, Yu P, Cai K M, Yang H 2023 Nat. Electron. 6 732 Google Scholar
[66]	Zhang Y, Xu H J, Jia K, Lan G B, Huang Z H, He B, He C L, Shao Q M, Wang Y Z, Zhao M K, Ma T Y, Dong J, Guo C Y, Cheng C, Feng J F, Wan C H, Wei H X, Shi Y G, Zhang G Y, Han X F, Yu G Q 2023 Sci. Adv. 9 eadg9819 Google Scholar

[1]	Liu Ming-Jie, Tian Ya-Li, Wang Yu, Li Xiao-Xiao, He Xiao-Hu, Gong Ting, Sun Xiao-Cong, Guo Gu-Qing, Qiu Xuan-Bing, Li Chuan-Liang. Calculation of spectroscopic constants for O^-₂ containing spin-orbit coupling. Acta Physica Sinica, 2025, 74(2): . doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241435
[2]	Zhao Ke-Nan, Li Sheng, Lu Zeng-Xing, Lao Bin, Zheng Xuan, Li Run-Wei, Wang Zhi-Ming. Crystal orientation regulation of spin-orbit torque efficiency and magnetization switching in SrRuO₃ thin films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(11): 117701. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240367
[3]	He Yu, Chen Wei-Bin, Hong Bin, Huang Wen-Tao, Zhang Kun, Chen Lei, Feng Xue-Qiang, Li Bo, Liu Guo, Sun Xiao-Han, Zhao Meng, Zhang Yue. Significant role of thermal effects in current-induced exchange bias field switching at antiferromagnet/ferromagnet interface. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(2): 027501. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231374
[4]	Jiao Chen, Jian Yue, Zhang Ai-Xia, Xue Ju-Kui. Excitation spectrum of tunable spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates and its effective regulation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(6): 060302. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222306
[5]	Wang Ke-Xin, Su Li, Tong Liang-Le. Analysis of spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junction model without external magnetic field assistance based on antiferromagnetism. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(19): 198504. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230901
[6]	Wang Ri-Xing, Zeng Yi-Han, Zhao Jing-Li, Li Lian, Xiao Yun-Chang. The magnetization reversal driven by spin-orbit-assisted spin-transfer torque. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(8): 087202. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222433
[7]	Liu Na, Wang Yi, Li Wen-Bo, Zhang Li-Yan, He Shi-Kun, Zhao Jian-Kun, Zhao Ji-Jun. Thermal stability study of Weyl semimetal WTe₂/Ti heterostructures by Raman scattering. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(19): 197501. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220712
[8]	He Kuan-Yu, Qiu Tian-Yu, Xi Xiao-Xiang. Optical study on crystal symmetry of two-dimensional WTe₂. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(17): 176301. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220804
[9]	Jia Liang-Guang, Liu Meng, Chen Yao-Yao, Zhang Yu, Wang Ye-Liang. Research progress of two-dimensional quantum spin Hall insulator in monolayer 1T'-WTe₂. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(12): 127308. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220100
[10]	He Cong-Li, Xu Hong-Jun, Tang Jian, Wang Xiao, Wei Jin-Wu, Shen Shi-Peng, Chen Qing-Qiang, Shao Qi-Ming, Yu Guo-Qiang, Zhang Guang-Yu, Wang Shou-Guo. Research progress of spin-orbit torques based on two-dimensional materials. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(12): 127501. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210004
[11]	Ai Wen, Hu Xiao-Hui, Pan Lin, Chen Chang-Chun, Wang Yi-Feng, Shen Xiao-Dong. Sensing performance of two-dimensional WTe₂-based gas sensors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(19): 197101. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190642
[12]	Wang Ri-Xing, Li Xue, Li Lian, Xiao Yun-Chang, Xu Si-Wei. Stability analysis in three-terminal magnetic tunnel junction. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(20): 207201. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20190927
[13]	Sheng Yu, Zhang Nan, Wang Kai-You, Ma Xing-Qiao. Demonstration of four-state memory structure with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by spin-orbit torque. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(11): 117501. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180216
[14]	Wang Ri-Xing, Ye Hua, Wang Li-Juan, Ao Zhang-Hong. Magnetization reversal and precession in spin valve structures with a perpendicular free layer and a tilted polarizer layer. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(12): 127201. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.127201
[15]	Gao Jie, Zhang Min-Cang. Tridiagonal representation with pseudospin symmetry for a noncentral electric dipole and a ring-shaped anharmonic oscillator potential. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(2): 020301. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.020301
[16]	Liu Da-Yong, Chen Dong-Meng. Orbital ordering driven spin dimer state in double-layered antiferromagnet K3Cu2O7. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(10): 7350-7356. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.7350
[17]	Li Hong-Hong, Wang Jie, Guo Yu-Xian, Wang Feng. Calculation of spin and orbital moments of 3d transition metals using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism in absorption. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(5): 2633-2638. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.2633
[18]	Zhang Chang-Wen, Li Hua, Dong Jian-Min, Wang Yong-Juan, Pan Feng-Chun, Gu Yong-Quan, Li Wei. Studies on the electronic structures, exchange coupling and magnetic moments of spin and orbital in the compound SmCo55. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(4): 1814-1820. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.1814
[19]	WANG YONG-JIU, TANG ZHI-MING. THE ORBITAL PRECESSION EFFECT IN THE MASS QUADRUPOLE MOMENT FIELD. Acta Physica Sinica, 2001, 50(12): 2284-2288. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.2284
[20]	DU MAO-LU, CHEN JIA-JUN, CHEN KANG-SHENG. SPIN-ORBIT COUPLING PARAMETER MODEL OF g FACTOR FOR Ni2+-6X-CLUSTERS. Acta Physica Sinica, 1992, 41(7): 1174-1181. doi: 10.7498/aps.41.1174

Catalog

Vol. 73, Issue 1 - 2024-01-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 2815
PDF Downloads: 128
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板

Magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque of Weyl semimetal WTe₂

Abstract

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Pu Yong, yongpu@njupt.edu.cn

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

Cited By

Catalog

Metrics

Authors

Referees

About Journal

About

Search

Article

留言板

Magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque of Weyl semimetal WTe2

Abstract

Authors and contacts

Corresponding author: Pu Yong, yongpu@njupt.edu.cn

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

Cited By

Catalog

Metrics

Publishing process

Authors

Referees

About Journal

About

Magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torque of Weyl semimetal WTe₂