Ion momentum distributions from sequential double ionization of Ar in elliptically polarized laser fields

Liao Jian-Ying; He Tong-Tong; Su Jie; Liu Zi-Chao; Li Ying-Bin; Yu Ben-Hai; Huang Cheng

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230683

Abstract

In this paper, we utilize a classical ensemble model with Heisenberg-core potential to study sequential double ionization (SDI) of Ar atom by an elliptically polarized laser field. The results show that for random laser phases, as the laser wavelength increases, the ion momentum distribution gradually evolves from a six-band structure at 800 nm to an eight-band structure at 1600 nm. When the laser phase is stable, the ion momentum distribution from 1600 nm laser field exhibits a ten-band structure. These multi-band structures directly reflect the subcycle ionization dynamics of electrons in an elliptically polarized laser field. There is a significant shift among the outer three bands of ion momentum distrbutions from different laser phases, which leads to the fact that only one band is observed in the outer region of the ion momentum distribution for the case of random laser phases. By analyzing the ionization times of the two electrons, it is found that for the case of random phases, the inner bands of the ion momentum distributions originate from those combinations of electron ionization bursts with the ionization time difference of 0.5 cycle, and the outer bands arise from those combinations of ionization bursts with the ionization time difference of 1, 2 and 3 cycles. For 800 nm, the middle band corresponds to those combinations of ionization bursts with the ionization time differences of 1.5 and 2.5 cycles. For 1600 nm, there are two bands in middle regime. One is from the combination with the ionization time difference of 1.5 cycles, and the other is from those combinations with the ionization time difference of 2.5 and 3.5 cycles. These results indicate that in the case of long wavelength and phase-stable laser, the subcycle dynamics in sequential double ionization of atoms is more likely to be observed.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Chongqing City Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Structure Optoelectronics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
2.
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China

Corresponding author: Li Ying-Bin, liyingbin2008@163.com ; Huang Cheng, huangcheng@swu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12074329, 12004323, 12104389), the Southwest University Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates, China (Grant No. X202210635104), and the Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal University, China.

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References

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[2]	Wang Y L, Xu S P, Quan W, Gong C, Lai X Y, Hu S L, Liu M Q, Chen J, Liu X J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 053412 Google Scholar
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[22]	Haan S L, Breen L, Karim A, Eberly J H 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 103008 Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 不同波长情况下激光偏振平面内的离子动量分布, 其中激光相位随机, 脉宽为14个光周期　(a) 800 nm; (b) 1200 nm; (c) 1600 nm.

Figure 1. Ion momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane for different wavelength, where the CEP is randomly chosen for each trajectory, and the pulse duration is 14 cycles: (a) 800 nm; (b) 1200 nm; (c) 1600 nm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 不同波长情况下沿椭圆短轴的离子动量分布, 其中分布通过对图1 p_{x, ion}∈(–0.5 a.u., 0.5 a.u.)的双电离事件积分获得, 脉宽为14个光周期　(a) 800 nm; (b) 1200 nm; (c) 1600 nm

Figure 2. Ion momentum distributions along the minor elliptical axis for different wavelength, where the distribution is obtained by integrating the distributions of Fig. 1 over p_{x, ion} from –0.5 a.u. to 0.5 a.u., the pulse duration is 14 cycles: (a) 800 nm; (b) 1200 nm; (c) 1600 nm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 相位为0时, 不同波长下激光偏振平面内的离子动量分布(a), (b)和p_{x, ion}∈(–0.5 a.u., 0.5 a.u.)的双电离事件对应的沿椭圆短轴的离子动量分布(c), (d), 其中脉宽为14个光周期　(a), (c) 800 nm; (b), (d) 1600 nm

Figure 3. Ion momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane (a), (b) and ion momentum distributions along the minor elliptical axis corresponding to p_{x, ion} from –0.5 a.u. to 0.5 a.u double ionization events (c), (d) for different wavelength of the CEP is 0, where the pulse duration is 14 cycles: (a), (c) 800 nm; (b), (d) 1600 nm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 不同波长下第1个电子 (a), (c)和第2个电子(b), (d)的电离时间分布(灰色虚线为y方向的负矢势, 激光相位为0, 脉宽为14个光周期)　(a), (b) 800 nm; (c), (d) 1600 nm

Figure 4. Distributions of the ionization times for the first electron (a), (c) and the second electron (b), (d) for different wavelength (The gray dashed curves represent the laser negative potential vector in y direction, the CEP is 0, the pulse duration is 14 cycles): (a), (b) 800 nm; (c), (d) 1600 nm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 1600 nm情况下第1个电子 (a)和第2个电子 (b)的电离时间分布. 灰色虚线为y方向的负矢势, 激光相位为0.5π, 脉宽为14个光周期

Figure 5. Distributions of the ionization times for the first electron (a) and the second electron (b) for the wavelength of 1600 nm. The gray dashed curves represent the laser negative potential vector in y direction, the CEP is 0.5π, the pulse duration is 14 cycles.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 不同相位情况下沿椭圆短轴的离子动量分布(脉宽为14个光周期)　(a) 800 nm; (b) 1600 nm

Figure 6. Ion momentum distributions along the minor elliptical axis for different CEPs (Pulse duration is 14 cycles): (a) 800 nm; (b) 1600 nm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 1600 nm情况下两电子的电离时间分布, 激光相位为0.5π, 脉宽为14个光周期

Figure 7. Ionization time distributions of the first electron versus the second electron for the wavelength of 1600 nm, the CEP is 0.5π, the pulse duration is 14 cycles.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 不同脉宽情况下激光偏振平面内的离子动量分布　(a) 6个光周期; (b) 10个光周期; (c) 14个光周期; (d) 18个光周期. 激光相位随机, 波长为1600 nm

Figure 8. Ion momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane for different pulse durations: (a) 6 cycles; (b) 10 cycles; (c) 14 cycles; (d) 18 cycles. The CEP is randomly chosen for each trajectory, the laser wavelength is 1600 nm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 考虑磁场影响时激光偏振平面内的离子动量分布, 波长为1600 nm, 脉宽为14个光周期　(a) 激光相位随机; (b) 相位为0

Figure 9. Ion momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane for the wavelength of 1600 nm and the pulse duration of 14 cycles, the laser magnetic field is included: (a) CEP is random; (b) CEP is 0.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 不同电子电离脉冲组合对应的离子动量

Table 1. Ion momentums for different combinations of electron ionization bursts.

波长/nm	$D_3'$ (F₂, S₈)	$D_2'$ (F₂, S₆)	$D_1'$ (F₂, S₄)	$C_3'$ (F₁, S₈)	$C_2' $ (F₁, S₆)	$C_1' $ (F₁, S₄)	C₁ (F₂, S₃)	C₂ (F₂, S₅)	C₃ (F₂, S₇)	D₁ (F₁, S₃)	D₂ (F₁, S₅)	D₃ (F₁, S₇)
800	—	–6.04	–5.28	—	–2.18	–1.42	0.51	1.39	1.99	4.38	5.26	5.86
1600	–12.93	–12.09	–10.57	–5.20	–4.35	–2.83	1.02	2.77	3.99	8.757	10.51	11.73

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	L’ Huillier A, Lompre L A, Mainfray G, Manus C 1982 Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 1814 Google Scholar
[2]	Wang Y L, Xu S P, Quan W, Gong C, Lai X Y, Hu S L, Liu M Q, Chen J, Liu X J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 053412 Google Scholar
[3]	Liu Y Q, Fu L B, Ye D F, Liu J, Li M, Wu C Y, Gong Q H, Moshammer R, Ullrich J 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 013003 Google Scholar
[4]	Ye D F, Li M, Fu L B, Liu J, Gong Q H, Liu Y Q, Ullrich J 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 123001 Google Scholar
[5]	Lin K, Jia X Y, Yu Z Q, He F, Ma J Y, Li H, Gong X C, Song Q Y, Ji Q Y, Zhang W B, Li H X, Lu P F, Zeng H P, Chen J, Wu J 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 203202 Google Scholar
[6]	Liao Q, Winney A H, Lee S K, Lin Y F, Adhikari P, Li W 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 023401 Google Scholar
[7]	Hao X L, Chen J, Li W D, Wang B B, Wang X D, Becker W 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 073002 Google Scholar
[8]	Chen Z J, Liang Y Q, Lin C D 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 253201 Google Scholar
[9]	Li B Q, Yang X, Ren X H, Zhang J T 2019 Opt. Express 27 32700 Google Scholar
[10]	Maharjan C M, Alnaser A S, Tong X M, Ulrich B, Ranitovic P, Ghimire S, Chang Z, Litvinyuk I V, Cocke C L 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 041403 Google Scholar
[11]	Wang X, Eberly J H 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 103007 Google Scholar
[12]	Pfeiffer A N, Cirelli C, Smolarski M, Döner R, Keller U 2011 Nature Phys. 7 428 Google Scholar
[13]	Pfeiffer A N, Cirelli C, Smolarski M, Wang X, Eberly J H, Döner R, Keller U 2011 New J. Phys. 13 093008 Google Scholar
[14]	Zhou Y M, Huang C, Liao Q, Lu P X 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 053004 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhou Y M, Zhang Q B, Huang C, Lu P X 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 043427 Google Scholar
[16]	Wang X, Eberly J H 2011 arXiv: 1102.0221v1 [physics. atom-ph
[17]	Zhou Y M, Li M, Li Y, Tong A H, Li Q G, Lu P X 2017 Opt. Express 25 8450 Google Scholar
[18]	Tong A H, Zhou Y M, Lu P X 2015 Opt. Express 23 15774 Google Scholar
[19]	Schöffler M S, Xie X, Wustelt P, Moller M, Roither S, Kartashov D, Sayler A M, Baltuska A, Paulus G G, Kitzler M 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 063421 Google Scholar
[20]	Parker J S, Doherty B J S, Taylor K T, Schultz K D, Blaga C I, DiMauro L F 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 133001 Google Scholar
[21]	Chen J, Liu J, Fu L B, Zheng W M 2000 Phys. Rev. A 63 011404(R Google Scholar
[22]	Haan S L, Breen L, Karim A, Eberly J H 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 103008 Google Scholar
[23]	Su J, Liu Z C, Liao J Y, Huang X F, Li Y B, Huang C 2022 Opt. Express 30 24898 Google Scholar
[24]	Xu T T, Zhu Q Y, Chen J H, Ben S, Zhang J, Liu X S 2018 Opt. Express 26 1645 Google Scholar
[25]	Li Y B, Yu B H, Tang Q B, Wang X, Hua D Y, Tong A H, Jiang C H, Ge G X, Li Y C, Wan J G 2016 Opt. Express 24 6469 Google Scholar
[26]	苏杰, 刘子超, 廖健颖, 李盈傧, 黄诚 2022 物理学报 71 193201 Google Scholar Su J, Liu Z C, Liao J Y, Li Y B, Huang C 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 193201 Google Scholar
[27]	Wilets L, Henley E M, Kraft M, Mackellar A D 1977 Nucl. Phys. A 282 341 Google Scholar
[28]	Kirschbaum C L, Wilets L 1980 Phys. Rev. A 21 834
[29]	Cohen J S 2006 J. Phys. B 39 1517
[30]	Liu S W, Ye D F, Liu J 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 052704 Google Scholar
[31]	Huang C, Li Z H, Zhou Y M, Tang Q B, Liao Q, Lu P X 2012 Opt. Express 20 11700 Google Scholar
[32]	Yuan J Y, Liu S W, Wang X C, Shen Z J, Ma Y X, Ma H Y, Meng Q X, Yan T M, Zhang Y Z, Dorn A, Weidemüller M, Ye D F, Jiang Y H 2020 Phys. Rev. A 102 043112 Google Scholar
[33]	Jiang H, He F 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 023113 Google Scholar
[34]	Sarkadi L 2021 Phys. Rev. A 103 053113 Google Scholar
[35]	Lötstedt E, Kato T, Yamanouchi K 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 203001 Google Scholar

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