Accepted Papers
Recent catalogue
-
Vol.74 No.17
2025-09-05
-
Vol.74 No.16
2025-08-20
-
Vol.74 No.15
2025-08-05
-
Vol.74 No.14
2025-07-20
- All Archive
DATA PAPER
2025, 74 (17): 170201.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250652
Abstract +
In recent years, soft lattices have been considered a primary physical origin of defect tolerance in lead-halide perovskite materials, with bulk modulus serving as a key indicator of lattice “softness”. This work focuses on cubic perovskites and constructing a dataset of bulk moduli for 213 compounds based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A total of 138 features are compiled, including 132 statistical features extracted using the Matminer toolkit and 6 manually selected elemental descriptors. Four conventional machine learning regression models (RF, SVR, KRR, and EXR) are employed for prediction. Of them, the SVR model shows the best performance, achieving a test-set Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 7.35 GPa and Coefficient of Determination (R2) of 97.86%. Feature importance analysis reveals that thermodynamic-structural features such as melting point, covalent radius, and atomic volume play dominant roles in determining bulk modulus. Based on the 12 most important features, a thermodynamic-structural coupling descriptor is constructed using the SISSO method, yielding a test-set RMSE of 7.41 GPa and R2 of 97.80%. The resulting descriptor indicates that the bulk modulus is proportional to melting point and inversely proportional to atomic volume. Furthermore, the VS-SISSO method combined with a random subset selection and iterative variable screening strategy is used, enabling the selection of electronic-level features such as electronegativity, valence state, and number of unpaired electrons. The resulting electronic-thermodynamic-structural coupling descriptor further improves the prediction accuracy, reaching an RMSE of 5.34 GPa and R2 of 98.35% on the test set. Notably, due to the difference in valence states, this model effectively distinguishes between the bulk moduli of chalcogen-based (divalent) and halogen-based (monovalent) perovskites. Based on this model, high-throughput screening is performed on over 10000 cubic chalcogenides and halide perovskites, and approximately 170 lead-free candidates with bulk moduli in the range of 10–20 GPa are identified, which are comparable to Pb-I perovskites. These results provide preliminary evidence for supporting the applicability of the soft-lattice mechanism in lead-free systems and offer theoretical guidance and data support for the high-throughput discovery of stable, defect-tolerant, lead-free perovskite materials. All the data presented in this paper are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb. j00213.00161 .
GENERAL
2025, 74 (17): 170301.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250394
Abstract +
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptographic protocol that utilizes fundamental principles of quantum mechanics to securely distribute and reconstruct secret information among multiple participants. Most existing protocols rely on entangled states (such as Bell and GHZ states), but in practical applications. The preparation of entangled state is constrained by a short quantum coherence time, low state fidelity, etc., which makes it difficult to implement entangled resource-dependent QSS protocols. In this work, a novel practical and verifiable multi-party QSS protocol is proposed based on orthogonal product states, which are easier to prepare than entangled states. During the protocol preparation stage, the secret distributor first converts pre-shared classical secret information into the corresponding orthogonal product states according to the encoding rules, and pre-shares a communication key with participants via quantum key distribution (QKD), which is used to hide the initial quantum sequence information through subsequent particle transformation operations. After preparing the orthogonal product states, the distributor reorganizes the particles by position, extracting particles at the same position from each state to form new sequences, shuffling their order, then applying Hadamard operations using a pre-shared key, inserting decoy particles, and sending the sequences to the participants. After receiving it, participants conduct eavesdropping detection, use the same key for the inverse transformations, retain one particle from each sequence, and sequentially pass the remaining particles until the last participant receives a complete set, triggering state verification with the arbiter distributor. If the verification is successful, the particles will be returned to the first participant and the return stage will follow the same procedure. Only after both the transmission and return stage verifications have passed, will the distributor reveal the initial particle positions, allowing participants to collaboratively reconstruct the secret. In the protocol, the secret distributor acts as an arbitrator to verify the particle state information together with participants at designated points (the end of the transmission stage and the end of the return stage) in order to determine whether the particle-state information is error-free during transmission. If the verification fails at either stage, the protocol will be terminated immediately. Meanwhile, considering that the number of participants may change during the execution of the protocol, a dynamic scheme for personnel changes is designed to ensure the flexibility of the protocol. Through the analysis of possible internal and external attacks, It can be proven that our protocol can effectively resist the existing common attack. Using Qiskit simulation experiments, the core quantum procedures of the protocol can be successfully modeled. The experimental results provide strong computational validation of the theoretical feasibility of the protocol.
GENERAL
2025, 74 (17): 170302.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250587
Abstract +
The spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) provides an ideal platform for observing and manipulating topological structures, which arise from the spin degrees of freedom and the superfluid nature of the gas. Artificial helicoidal spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the spinor BEC, owing to the spatially varying gauge potential and the more flexible adjustability, provides possibly an unprecedented opportunity to search for novel quantum states. The previous studies of the BEC with helicoidal SOC mainly focus on the two-component case. However, there are few reports on the studies of helicoidal SOC in three-component BEC. Especially considering one-dimensional three-component BEC, whether the helicoidal SOC can generate previously unknown types of topological excitations and phase diagrams is still an unsolved problem. In this work, by solving quasi one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equations, we study the ground state structure of one-dimensional helicoidal spin-orbit coupled three-component BEC. The numerical results show that the helicoidal SOC can induce a phase separation among the components in ferromagnetic BEC. Through numerical calculations of the system, a phase diagram is obtained as a function of the helicoidal SOC strength and gauge potential, which shows the critical conditions for phase separation and phase miscibility in ferromagnetic BEC. Meanwhile, we also study the influences of the helicoidal SOC and the gauge potential on the antiferromagnetic BEC ground state. The numerical results show that the helicoidal SOC is beneficial for the miscibility in antiferromagnetic BEC. When the helicoidal SOC strength or gauge potential increases, the ground state of antiferromagnetic BEC exhibits a stripe soliton structure. Adjusting the strength of helicoidal SOC or gauge potential can control the transitions between a plane-wave soliton and a stripe soliton. In addition, we show the changes of the particle number density maximum and the number of peaks of stripe solitons for adjusting the helicoidal SOC strength or gauge potential. Our results show that helicoidal spin-orbit coupled BEC not only provides a controlled platform for investigating the exotic topological structures, but also is crucial for the transitions between different ground states. This work paves the way for exploring the topological defect and the corresponding dynamical stability in quantum systems subjected to the helicoidal SOC in future.
GENERAL
2025, 74 (17): 170501.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250689
Abstract +
SPECIAL TOPIC—High-pressure modulation and in situ characterization of optoelectronic properties
2025, 74 (17): 170701.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250635
Abstract +
Piezochromic luminescent materials with multi-color switching have received considerable attention in fields such as displays, sensors, and biomedicine. However, enhancing the sensitivity of piezochromic color change through rational molecular design remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and high-pressure study of two 9-fluorenone derivatives of DPA (diphenylamine)-FO and DMAcr (9,9-dimethylcarbazine)-FO, realizing pronounced piezochromic phenomena in both emission colors and crystal colors. DPA-FO features a classic donor–acceptor molecular architecture. Its emission wavelength is highly sensitive to the solvent polarity, and as polarity increases, the redshift continues, indicating the emission nature of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) luminescence. Under pressure, the emission color gradually changes from yellow to reddish brown, and a pressure coefficient of the emission wavelength is 10.7 nm/GPa. To amplify the piezochromic response, the donor unit is strategically modified by replacing the DPA group with DMAcr, a donor with stronger electron-donating ability. The resulting compound, DMAcr-FO, exhibits a more pronounced ICT process, as evidenced by its higher sensitivity of luminescence to solvent polarity. Under pressure, its emission color gradually changes from yellow to deep red. Correspondingly, the pressure coefficient of the emission wavelength increases 17.5 nm/GPa. Pressure-dependent UV-Vis absorption spectra reveal a continuous redshift in the absorption edge of both derivatives, attributed to structural shrinkage caused by enhanced orbital coupling. Notably, DMAcr-FO exhibits more significant changes in absorption edge and Stokes shift, indicating more substantial structural deformation under pressure. In addition, compared with DPA-FO, the infrared (IR) modes of DMAcr-FO present higher shifting rates with the increase of pressure, which also supports the above conclusion. Meanwhile, with the increase of pressure, the considerable structural distortion is also one of the factors that make DMAcr-FO has a more significant piezochromic phenomenon. This study not only deepens the understanding of structure–property relationships in piezochromic materials but also offers a viable strategy for designing high-performance piezo-responsive luminophores through tailored molecular engineering.
INSTRMENTATION AND MEASURMENT
2025, 74 (17): 172901.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250700
Abstract +
Molybdenum, as an important structural material, has been widely used in nuclear energy systems. Therefore, the high-precision neutron reaction cross-section of molybdenum is of great significance for developing nuclear energy systems. This paper uses activation and relative measurement methods to measure the reaction cross section of 92Mo(n,p)92mNb. The sample is irradiated at a 90º angle using nanosecond pulse neutron generator (CPNG) from the China Institute of Atomic Energy. After a period of cooling time, the activities of the activated product nuclei of the irradiated sample are measured using a high-purity germanium detector, and the reaction cross section and correction factors are calculated. The traditional correction factors include neutron fluence fluctuation, cascade, self-absorption, geometry and scattered-neutron corrections. Finally, the reaction cross section of 92Mo(n,p)92mNb at 14.1-MeV energy point is obtained. In order to reduce the uncertainty of experimental measurements, this work proposes a strategy in which the test product and the monitoring product are the same nuclide, effectively eliminating the uncertainties caused by the half-life and decay branch ratio of the product nucleus, gamma detection efficiency, and beam fluctuations during irradiation. This method significantly enhances the measurement accuracy, achieving the highest precision experimental data to date. This experiment aims to minimize the overall measurement uncertainty, so the stringent requirements are imposed on both the sample mass-thickness and the operating environment. The mass and thickness of each sample are therefore determined through five independent measurements using a 0.1 mg-precision analytical balance and a vernier caliper, respectively, and the mean values are taken. After the experiment, the measured data are carefully compared and analyzed with other datasets, The value of cross-section is not significantly different from others in the database and is located within the error range, which further verifies the feasibility of this method, providing high-precision experimental support for evaluating the nuclear-data of this reaction channel.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
2025, 74 (17): 173301.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250726
Abstract +
ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS
2025, 74 (17): 174101.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250512
Abstract +
The desktop X-ray system has limitations such as low flux and poor coherence. It faces great challenges in application scenarios such as microscopic imaging and high-precision measurement. Fourier-transform ghost imaging (FGI) has low requirements for the coherence of the light source. Using this principle, multi-angle FGI based on spatial correlation can effectively improve the imaging efficiency and is suitable for desktop X-ray systems. However, this technology is still in the theoretical stage, and there is a lack of effective devices to modulate X-rays and form focused multiple beams. To this end, a multi-grating modulation method is proposed in this work. The partially coherent radiation of the X-ray source is modulated by arranging multiple sub-gratings in a specific direction. The X-ray emitted by a single sub-grating is spatially coherent light, and the X-rays between the sub-gratings are incoherently superimposed at the sample position to form a focused multi-angle beam. This effectively improves the flux utilization of the desktop system. The modulation principle of multi-grating is described theoretically, and the key design parameters and their selection basis are clarified. Through numerical simulation, the modulation characteristics of partially coherent X-rays in the propagation process behind the modulation screen are systematically analyzed. By optimizing the parameters such as the size, material and thickness of the sub-grating, the influences of the sub-grating on the size, uniformity and diffraction efficiency of the focused spot are investigated. The results show that when the sub-grating size matches the spatial coherence size of the X-ray source, the focusing effect of the beam can be significantly improved, and a smaller and uniform focal spot can be obtained. Based on the theoretical and simulation results, a gold multi-grating modulation screen is designed and fabricated for the liquid target X-ray source. The simulation and theoretical predictions will be validated experimentally, once the experimental conditions are met. The design and implementation of the modulation screen provide effective support and a feasible way for multi-angle diffraction imaging and related applications in miniaturized X-ray systems.
ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS
2025, 74 (17): 174201.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250508
Abstract +
Optical encryption technologies show significant potential applications in information security due to their advantages of parallel processing, large capacity, and low power consumption. Polarization, as an important degree of freedom of light, has attracted extensive research interest in optical encryption through polarization manipulation and multiplexing. However, current polarization control methods based on pixelated or interleaved metasurfaces still face significant challenges, including fabrication complexity and inevitable crosstalk caused by coupling between the neighboring structures, which limits the number of achievable multiplexing channels. A novel encryption method featuring longitudinal variability and cascaded polarization structures realized by metalenses with vectorial foci is proposed in this work. The intensity distributions on different observation planes are simulated using the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral. Based on the geometric phase principle, the designed metalens consisting of TiO2 nanopillars with identical dimensions but spatially variant orientation angles, can generate multiple vectorial foci in different observation planes, reconstructing cascaded polarization structures. Here, any two cascaded polarization structures are encoded with mutually orthogonal polarization rotation angles. As the polarization direction of incident linearly polarized light changes, the polarization distribution encoded on the polarization structures can be dynamically modulated, consequently enabling ten-channel information encryption through polarization-dependent intensity redistribution. The encrypted information can only be decoded using the correct keys (incident wavelength, incident polarization state, output light polarization state, and observation position). This method integrates polarization rotation, polarization structure design, and longitudinal/cascaded control, significantly enhancing information capacity and security. It offers promising applications across various fields, such as optical display, encryption, and anti-counterfeiting.
ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS
2025, 74 (17): 174202.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250649
Abstract +
In recent years, vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been widely applied to optical communications, optical manipulation, and precision measurement. However, traditional generation methods such as spiral phase plates, spatial light modulators, and metasurfaces, encounter several challenges, including structural rigidity, limited dynamic tunability, and inadequate integration capabilities. These limitations hinder the realization of reconfigurable and programmable vortex beam generation systems. In order to solve these problems, a novel vortex beam generation method based on all-optical magnetic holography is presented in this paper. In this technique, a single-pulse femtosecond laser is used in a dotted writing mode to engrave a pre-designed fork-shaped grating hologram onto the surface of a micron-scale magnetic material, GdFeCo. Under subsequent illumination with a plane wave, the vortex beam is reconstructed via the magneto-optical Faraday diffraction effect. Experimental results show that one-dimensional fork-shaped gratings can flexibly generate vortex beams with different topological charges (l = ±2, ±5, ±8), where the beam radius increases with the augment of topological charges. Furthermore, a two-dimensional fork-shaped grating, formed by superimposing horizontal and vertical one-dimensional gratings, can produce 3 × 3 vortex beam arrays with various topological charge distributions, enabling the spatial modulation of OAM. This method offers advantages such as reusability, long-term stability, and a compact structure, thus providing a programmable and reconfigurable platform for generating micro-structured vortex beams. Unlike traditional static optical elements, this approach enables dynamic, high-resolution, and easy-to-integrate solutions, and shows great application potential in OAM-based multi-channel optical communication, multi-particle manipulation, and parallel laser processing.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- ...
- 16
- 17
