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自量子力学诞生以来, 相干性和互补性一直是被广泛而深入研究的两个重要课题. 随着量子信息近年来的发展, 人们引入了若干度量来定量地刻画相干性和互补性. 本文建立两个信息守恒关系式, 分别基于“Bures距离-保真度”和“对称-非对称”, 并且利用它们来刻画相干性和互补性. 具体来说, 首先从信息守恒的观点解释Bures距离和保真度的互补关系, 并由此自然推导出Mach-Zehnder 干涉仪中的Englert“干涉-路径”互补关系. 其次在量子态和信道相互作用的一般框架中讨论“对称-非对称”信息守恒关系, 并揭示其与Bohr互补性和量子相干性的内在联系. 最后, 在Mach-Zehnder干涉仪中探讨相干、退相干及互补性, 刻画两个信息守恒关系之间的密切联系.
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关键词:
- 相干 /
- 互补性 /
- 信息守恒 /
- Mach-Zehnder干涉仪
Coherence and complementarity are two important themes in quantum mechanics, which have been widely and thoroughly investigated. Recently, with the rapid development of quantum information theory, various measures have been introduced for quantitatively studying the coherence and complementarity. However, most of these studies are independent of each other in that they focus on only one theme, for example, the wave-particle duality and Heisenberg uncertainty principle are usually regarded as manifestation of Bohr’s complementary principle, while coherence is a quantum feature closely related to quantum superposition. During the past few years, there has been a flurry of research interest in the study of quantum coherence from the quantum resource-theoretic point of view. In this paper, we establish two information conservation relations and employ them to characterize complementarity and quantum coherence. As an illustration of the main results, we discuss these two themes in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Our study reveals that these two quantum themes are closely related to each other. Our main results are listed as follows. Firstly, we establish two information conservation relations, one is based on " Bures distance versus fidelity” and the other based on " symmetry versus asymmetry”. Then we employ these information conservation relations to investigate coherence and complementarity. Specifically, we provide an explanation of the " Bures distance versus fidelity” trade-off relation from the information conservation perspective, establish the link between the information conservation relation and wave-particle duality, and derive the famous Englert inequality concerning " fringe visibility versus path distinguishability” from the information conservation relation. Furthermore, in the general framework of state-channel interaction, we derive " symmetry versus asymmetry” trade-off relation and explain it as an information conservation relation, reveal its intrinsic relations with coherence and complementarity. Lastly, we demonstrate that the two information conservation relations are closely interrelated, and we also discuss the coherence, decoherence and complementarity in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, explicitly, we reveal that the Bures distance can be regarded as a lower bound of the asymmetry of state-channel interaction while fidelity is an upper bound of the symmetry of state-channel interaction. We expect that our information conservation relation can provide a unified framework for the study of coherence and complementarity.-
Keywords:
- coherence /
- complementary /
- information conservation /
- Mach-Zehnder interferometer
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Google Scholar
[2] Heisenberg W 1927 Zeit. Physik 43 172
Google Scholar
[3] Heisenberg W 1930 The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press) pp13–39
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[6] Mandel L 1991 Opt. Lett. 16 1882
Google Scholar
[7] Jaeger G, Horne M A, Shimony A 1993 Phys. Rev. A 48 1023
Google Scholar
[8] Englert B G 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 2154
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[10] Coles P J, Kaniewski J, Wehner S 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5814
Google Scholar
[11] Coles P J, Berta M, Tomamichel M, Wehner S 2017 Rev. Mod. Phys. 89 015002
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[12] Jaeger G, Shimony A, Vaidmann L 1995 Phys. Rev. A 51 54
Google Scholar
[13] Åberg J 2006 arXiv:quant-ph/0612146
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Google Scholar
[15] Baumgratz T, Cramer M, Plenio M B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 140401
Google Scholar
[16] Girolami D 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 170401
Google Scholar
[17] Streltsov A, Singh U, Dhar H S, Bera M N, Adesso G 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 020403
Google Scholar
[18] Pires D P, Celeri L C, Soares-Pinto D O 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 042330
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Google Scholar
[21] Ma J, Yadin B, Girolami D, Vedral V, Gu M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 160407
Google Scholar
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[24] Luo S, Sun Y 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 022130
Google Scholar
[25] Luo S, Sun Y 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 022136
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[29] Horodecki M, Oppenheim J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2059
Google Scholar
[30] Narasimhachar V, Gour G 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7689
Google Scholar
[31] Lloyd S 2011 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 302 012037
Google Scholar
[32] Marvian I, Spekkens R W 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3821
Google Scholar
[33] Marvian I, Spekkens R W 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 052324
Google Scholar
[34] Fang Y N, Dong G H, Zhou D L, Sun C P 2016 Commun. Theor. Phys. 65 423
Google Scholar
[35] Yao Y, Dong G H., Xiao X, Sun C P 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 32010
Google Scholar
[36] Bagan E, Bergou J A, Cottrell S S, Hillery M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 160406
Google Scholar
[37] Bera M N, Qureshi T, Siddiqui M A, Pati A K 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 012118
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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[41] Bures D 1969 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 135 199-212
Google Scholar
[42] Hubner M 1993 Phys. Lett. A 179 226
Google Scholar
[43] Fuchs C A, Caves C M 1995 Open Sys. Inf. Dyn. 3 345
Google Scholar
[44] Barnum H, Caves C M, Fuchs C A, Jozsa R, Schumacher B 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 2818
Google Scholar
[45] Uhlmann A 2000 Phys. Rev. A 62 032307
Google Scholar
[46] Dodd J L, Nielsen M A 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 044301
Google Scholar
[47] Luo S, Zhang Q 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 032106
Google Scholar
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