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900 nm掺钕光纤激光器可广泛应用于生物医学诊断、激光检测和光谱分析等领域. 钕离子在1060 nm波段四能级跃迁的增益竞争, 严重限制了900 nm三能级掺钕光纤激光器输出功率的提升. 本文设计了一种纤芯直径为27 μm的大模场掺钕实芯双层反谐振光纤, 用于产生高功率900 nm激光. 通过在有源光纤中引入双层反谐振单元结构, 并对光纤结构参数和折射率分布进行优化, 模拟结果表明光纤在880—913 nm波段基模损耗小于0.1 dB/m, 高阶模式损耗大于10 dB/m, 同时在1060 nm波段所有模式损耗达到100 dB/m. 本文提出的掺钕实芯反谐振光纤在900 nm高功率光纤激光器和放大器等领域具有广泛的应用前景.900-nm Nd-doped fiber laser can find widespread applications including biomedical diagnosis, laser detection, and spectral analysis. The four-level gain competition of Nd3+ around 1060 nm severely constrains the laser power scaling of the 900-nm three-level Nd-doped fiber laser. In this work, we propose a large-mode-area Nd-doped double-layer solid-core anti-resonant fiber with a core diameter of 27 μm for generating a high-power 900-nm laser based on the resonant and anti-resonant conditions of anti-resonant fiber. The transmission properties and mode profiles of the designed fiber are analyzed theoretically by using the full-vector finite-element method combined with an optimized mesh size. By introducing the double-layer anti-resonant elements into the active fiber and optimizing the fiber structure parameters and refractive index distribution, the high-order modes are well coupled with cladding modes. Finally, the designed fiber exhibits a confinement loss below 0.1 dB/m for fundamental mode and the confinement losses of all high-order modes are greater than 10 dB/m in 880-913 nm band. More importantly, around 1060 nm, the confinement losses of all modes can reach up to 100 dB/m , which enables the designed Nd-doped fiber to effectively carry out parasitic laser emission and even amplify spontaneous emission suppression. The Nd-doped solid-core anti-resonant fiber proposed in this study shows broad application prospects in the fields of 900-nm high-power fiber laser and amplifier. The developed chemical vapor deposition process combined with stack-and-draw technology can be adopted for the fabrication of the designed fiber. In order to ensure the optical performance of the anti-resonant fiber, it is necessary to accurately control the thickness of all anti-resonant tubes, the glass composition of the active core and background area inactual fabrication.
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Keywords:
- solid-core anti-resonant fiber /
- Nd-doped fiber /
- large-mode-area fiber /
- single-mode fiber
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图 2 LP01模式在900 nm和1060 nm处的限制损耗随反谐振毛细管厚度t的变化
Fig. 2. CLs of LP01 at 900 nm and 1060 nm as a function of the thickness of anti-resonant tubes t.
图 3 d1/dc, d2/dc对于光纤在900 nm处限制损耗的影响 (a) LP01模式损耗; (b) d1/dc = 0.12和d1/dc = 0.2时, LP01模式的模场分布图 (d2/dc = 0.82); (c) LP11模式损耗; (d) 高阶模抑制比
Fig. 3. The influence of d1/dc and d2/dc on fiber CLs at 900 nm: (a) CL of LP01; (b) mode field distributions of LP01 when d1/dc = 0.12 and d1/dc = 0.2 (d2/dc = 0.82); (c) CL of LP11; (d) HOMER.
图 4 900 nm处不同模式有效折射率和损耗随d2/dc变化情况 (a) LP01, LP11, CM模式的有效折射率; (b) LP01, LP11模式的限制损耗, 插图为LP01 (d2/dc = 0.89), LP11 (d2/dc = 0.77) 的模场分布图
Fig. 4. The influence of d2/dc on effective refractive index and CLs of different modes at 900 nm: (a) Effective refractive index of LP01, LP11 and CM; (b) CLs of LP01 and LP11, insets are the mode field distributions of LP01 (d2/dc = 0.89) and LP11 (d2/dc = 0.77).
图 5 T1和T2对于光纤在900 nm处限制损耗的影响 (a) LP01模式损耗; (b) LP11模式损耗; (c) 高阶模抑制比
Fig. 5. The influence of T1 and T2 on fiber CLs at 900 nm: (a) CL of LP01; (b) CL of LP11; (c) HOMER.
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