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动力电池作为新能源汽车的核心动力装置，其精准建模对于动力电池的运行状态估计、全生命周期故障诊断、多工况安全管控等具有重要意义。以P2D模型为代表的电化学模型作为能从微观尺度表征电池内部电化学反应过程的机理模型，其对于动力电池的老化、生热行为的准确描述是电池单体容量衰减、内阻增加、受热不均以及电池模组性能不一致评价的重要依据。文章梳理了目前锂离子动力电池电化学建模的最新研究进展，剖析了电化学模型与等效电路模型、老化模型、热模型的耦合方法及应用现状，重点针对电化学模型的参数繁多且辨识困难的问题，对比分析了单粒子模型、带液相单粒子模型、电化学平均值模型、固液相重构模型、一维电化学模型等动力电池电化学模型降阶方法的优势与不足，指出了电化学模型降阶表征的关键难点，并对电化学模型降阶重构方法的研究趋势进行了展望，以期为动力电池电化学模型的降阶重构研究指明方向。As the core power device of new energy vehicles, the precise modeling of power batteries is of great significance for the estimation of their operating status, full lifecycle fault diagnosis, and multi condition safety control. The electrochemical model represented by the P2D model serves as a mechanistic model that can characterize the internal electrochemical reaction process of batteries at the microscale. Its accurate description of the aging and heat generation behavior of power batteries is an important basis for evaluating the capacity degradation, internal resistance increase, uneven heating, and inconsistent performance of battery modules. The article summarizes the latest progress in electrochemical modeling of lithium-ion power batteries, analyzes the coupling methods and application status of electrochemical models with equivalent circuit models, aging models, and thermal models, and focuses on the problem of numerous parameters and difficult identification of electrochemical models. It compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the single particle model, single particle model with electrolyte, electrochemical mean model, solid-liquid phase reconstruction model, one-dimensional electrochemical model and other methods for reducing the order of power battery electrochemical models, points out the key difficulties in characterizing electrochemical model order reduction, and looks forward to the research trends of electrochemical model reduction order reconstruction methods, in order to provide direction for the research of electrochemical model reduction order reconstruction of power batteries.
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Keywords:
- Power battery /
- Electrochemical model /
- Reduced order reconstruction /
- Model coupling
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