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中国物理学会期刊

一维四带晶格中的宽参数域非厄米边界爆发

Wide-parameter-range non-Hermitian edge burst in a one-dimensional four-band lattice

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  • 开放系统在自然界及物理实验室中广泛存在,非厄米哈密顿量可以为之提供有效的理论描述,这使得非厄米物理近年来获得了蓬勃发展.在非厄米物理研究过程中,涌现出了许多新奇而重要的物理现象,比如非厄米趋肤效应、非厄米边界爆发等.本文研究了一类具有纯耗散的一维四带晶格模型中的非厄米量子动力学现象.该晶格具有双链结构,每个元胞中有四个格点,其中只有一个格点上存在耗散.基于严格的数值计算及理论分析发现,该一维四带晶格具有有趣的突破经典两带模型参数限制的宽参数域非厄米边界爆发现象,即在更大的参数区间中展现出非厄米边界爆发.严格的解析推导表明,只要存在竖直链间耦合,不论耦合强度多大,系统中总是存在非厄米趋肤效应且保持虚能隙闭合,这正是宽参数域边界爆发能够出现的条件.进一步,基于格林函数方法的标度分析表明,宽参数域非厄米边界爆发同样满足普适的体边标度关系.

     

    Non-Hermitian physics, which is able to provide solid and comprehensive descriptions for open systems with gain and loss as well as quasiparticle dynamics in condensed matter systems, has achieved substantial progress over the past two decades and become one of the hot topics at the frontiers of modern physics research. During the exploration of non-Hermitian physics, many intriguing and fundamental physical phenomena have emerged, such as the non-Hermitian skin effect and non-Hermitian edge burst. While the non-Hermitian skin effect is an intriguing static property, the non-Hermitian edge burst reveals a peculiar dynamical property of non-Hermitian systems, which corresponds to a counterintuitively high loss peak at the edge that stands out against the nearly invisible decaying tail. Once discovered numerically, this phenomenon has aroused widespread attention. Its physical origin is found to be an interplay between non-Hermitian skin effect and imaginary gap closing. Behind this novel phenomenon lies rich physics and profound connotations, which are attracting sustained exploration by both theoretical and experimental physicists. While two-band lattice systems have been extensively investigated, multi-band systems are still rarely addressed. In this work, a one-dimensional four-band non-Hermitian lossy lattice model is proposed, which possesses a two-chain structure and dissipation exists only on one of the four sublattice sites. Exact numerical simulations on the non-Hermitian quantum dynamics show that the one-dimensional four-band lattice also exhibits non-Hermitian edge burst. And more interestingly, compared with the one-dimensional double-chain two-band model, the parameter range where the non-Hermitian edge burst exists in the one-dimensional double-chain four-band model is greatly broadened, which could be dubbed as wideparameter-range non-Hermitian edge burst. Through analytical calculations of the generalized Brillouin zone and exact analysis on the energy spectrum under periodic boundary conditions, the physical origin of the wide-parameter-range non-Hermitian edge burst is also found to be the interplay of non-Hermitian skin effect and the imaginary gap closing. What is interesting is that the one-dimensional double-chain four-band model exhibits closed imaginary gap across the entire parameter domain of t1, which ultimately enables the non-Hermitian edge burst to occur over a wide parameter region. Furthermore, utilizing the Green's function method and contour integration, the expression for the bulk loss probability is obtained and its power-law decay behavior is confirmed. The bulk scaling exponent αb is derived and further verified by fitting the numerically obtained bulk loss probability Px. Finally, based on the expression of bulk loss probability, an approximate expression for edge loss probability Pedge is derived. The results show that the wide-parameter-range non-Hermitian edge burst satisfies the universal bulk-edge scaling relation, i.e., αe = αb - 1. Additionally, numerical results verify that the wide-parameter-range non-Hermitian edge burst is highly robust against tiny perturbations of system parameters such as γ and t2, and the phenomenon is immune to such small perturbations. The wide-parameter-range non-Hermitian edge burst is expected to be observed in various non-Hermitian systems, including quantum optical systems, topoelectrical circuits, acoustic systems, and ultracold atom platforms.

     

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