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We have used molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the evaporation of the surface wall of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at high temperature,using the environment dependent interatomic potential (EDIP) to describe the C—C interaction in carbon nanotube. The simulation results show that the Stone-Wales defect in the surface wall of a multi-wall carbon nanotube vibrates violently,which causes C—C bond breaking and evaporation of atoms along the circumferential directions of the nanotube. The formation of Stone-Wales defect is attributed to the atomic thermal motion or tensile strain. Using the Lindemann index as a criterion,we found that the surface wall of MWCNT evaporates around 2290 K. Our simulation results agree very well with the observation of the surface wall evaporation of the MWCNT at 2000 ℃.
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Keywords:
- multi-wall carbon nanotubes /
- molecular dynamics /
- Stone-Wales defects /
- evaporation
[1] [1]Zhang Y Y,Hu J P,Bernevig B A,Wang X R,Xie X C,Liu W M 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 155413
[2] [2]Zhang Y Y,Hu J,Bernevig B A,Wang X R,Xie X C,Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 106401
[3] [3]Zheng G P,Liang J Q,Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 14415
[4] [4]He P B,Li Z D,Pan A L,Wan Q,Zhang Q L,Wang R X,Wang Y G,Liu W M,Zou B S 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 54420
[5] [5]Begtrup G E,Ray K G,Kessler B M,Yuzvinsky T D,Garcia H,Zettl A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 155901
[6] [6]Begtrup G E,Ray K G,Kessler B M,Yuzvinsky T D,Garcia H,Zettl A 2007 Phys. Status Solidi. B 244 3960
[7] [7]Muramatsu H,Hayashi T,Ahm K Y,Terrones M,Endo M 2006 Chem. Phys. Lett. 432 240
[8] [8]Andrews R,Jacques D,Qian D,Dickey E C 2001 Carbon 39 1681
[9] [9]Huang W,Wang Y,Luo G,Wei F 2003 Carbon 41 2585
[10] ]Huang J Y,Ding F,Yakobson B I 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 35503
[11] ]Huang J Y,Ding F,Jiao K,Yakobson B I 2007 Small 3 1735
[12] ]Huang J Y,Chen S,Jo S H,Wang Z,Han D X,Chen G,Dresselhaus M S,Ren Z F 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 236802
[13] ]Huang J Y,Ding F,Yakobson B I 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 155436
[14] ]Zhang K W,Stocks G M,Zhong J X 2007 Nanotechnology 18 285703
[15] ]Kowaki Y,Harada A,Shimojo F,Hoshino K 2007 J. Phys.:Condens. Mater. 19 436224
[16] ]Tang C,Guo W,Chen C 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 175501
[17] ]Ebbesen T W,Takada T 1995 Carbon 33 973
[18] ]Stone A J,Wales D J 1986 Chem. Phys. Lett. 128 501
[19] ]Zhang K W,Zhong J X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3679 (in Chinese) [张凯旺、钟建新 2007 物理学报 57 3679]
[20] ]Xie F,Zhu Y B,Zhang Z H,Zhang L 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5833 (in Chinese) [谢芳、朱亚波、张兆慧、张林 2008 物理学报 57 5833]
[21] ]Meng L J,Zhang K W,Zhong J X 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1010 (in Chinese) [孟利军、张凯旺、钟建新 2007 物理学报 56 1010]
[22] ]Bao W X,Zhu C C 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3552 (in Chinese) [保文星、朱长纯 2006 物理学报 55 3552]
[23] ]Zhang K W,Meng L J,Li J,Liu W L,Tang Y,Zhong J X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 4347 (in Chinese) [张凯旺、孟利军、李俊、刘文亮、唐翌、钟建新 2008 物理学报 57 4347]
[24] ]Li J,Zhang K W,Meng L J,Liu W L,Zhong J X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 0382 (in Chinese) [李俊、张凯旺、孟利军、刘文亮、钟建新 2008 物理学报 57 0382]
[25] ]Vodenitcharova T,Zhang L C 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 115410
[26] ]Marks N A 2000 Phys. Rev. B 63 35401
[27] ]Marks N 2002 J. Phys.:Condens. Mat. 14 2901
[28] ]Marks N A,Cooper N C,McKenzie D R 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 075411
[29] ]Justo J F,Bazant M Z,Kaxiras E,Bulatov V V,Yip S 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 2539
[30] ]Lau D W M,McCulloch D G,Marks N A,Madsen N R,Rode A V 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 233408
[31] ]Powles R C,Marks N A,Lau D W M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 075430
[32] ]Zhou Y,Karplus M,Ball K D,Berry R S 2002 J. Chem. Phys. 116 2323
[33] ]Ding F,Bolton K,Rosen A 2005 Eur. Phys. J. D 34 275
[34] ]Wang B L,Wang G H,Chen X S,Zhao J J 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 193403
[35] ]Ding F,Jiao K,Lin Y,Yakobson B I 2007 Nano Lett. 7 681
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[1] [1]Zhang Y Y,Hu J P,Bernevig B A,Wang X R,Xie X C,Liu W M 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 155413
[2] [2]Zhang Y Y,Hu J,Bernevig B A,Wang X R,Xie X C,Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 106401
[3] [3]Zheng G P,Liang J Q,Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 14415
[4] [4]He P B,Li Z D,Pan A L,Wan Q,Zhang Q L,Wang R X,Wang Y G,Liu W M,Zou B S 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 54420
[5] [5]Begtrup G E,Ray K G,Kessler B M,Yuzvinsky T D,Garcia H,Zettl A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 155901
[6] [6]Begtrup G E,Ray K G,Kessler B M,Yuzvinsky T D,Garcia H,Zettl A 2007 Phys. Status Solidi. B 244 3960
[7] [7]Muramatsu H,Hayashi T,Ahm K Y,Terrones M,Endo M 2006 Chem. Phys. Lett. 432 240
[8] [8]Andrews R,Jacques D,Qian D,Dickey E C 2001 Carbon 39 1681
[9] [9]Huang W,Wang Y,Luo G,Wei F 2003 Carbon 41 2585
[10] ]Huang J Y,Ding F,Yakobson B I 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 35503
[11] ]Huang J Y,Ding F,Jiao K,Yakobson B I 2007 Small 3 1735
[12] ]Huang J Y,Chen S,Jo S H,Wang Z,Han D X,Chen G,Dresselhaus M S,Ren Z F 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 236802
[13] ]Huang J Y,Ding F,Yakobson B I 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 155436
[14] ]Zhang K W,Stocks G M,Zhong J X 2007 Nanotechnology 18 285703
[15] ]Kowaki Y,Harada A,Shimojo F,Hoshino K 2007 J. Phys.:Condens. Mater. 19 436224
[16] ]Tang C,Guo W,Chen C 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 175501
[17] ]Ebbesen T W,Takada T 1995 Carbon 33 973
[18] ]Stone A J,Wales D J 1986 Chem. Phys. Lett. 128 501
[19] ]Zhang K W,Zhong J X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3679 (in Chinese) [张凯旺、钟建新 2007 物理学报 57 3679]
[20] ]Xie F,Zhu Y B,Zhang Z H,Zhang L 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5833 (in Chinese) [谢芳、朱亚波、张兆慧、张林 2008 物理学报 57 5833]
[21] ]Meng L J,Zhang K W,Zhong J X 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1010 (in Chinese) [孟利军、张凯旺、钟建新 2007 物理学报 56 1010]
[22] ]Bao W X,Zhu C C 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3552 (in Chinese) [保文星、朱长纯 2006 物理学报 55 3552]
[23] ]Zhang K W,Meng L J,Li J,Liu W L,Tang Y,Zhong J X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 4347 (in Chinese) [张凯旺、孟利军、李俊、刘文亮、唐翌、钟建新 2008 物理学报 57 4347]
[24] ]Li J,Zhang K W,Meng L J,Liu W L,Zhong J X 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 0382 (in Chinese) [李俊、张凯旺、孟利军、刘文亮、钟建新 2008 物理学报 57 0382]
[25] ]Vodenitcharova T,Zhang L C 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 115410
[26] ]Marks N A 2000 Phys. Rev. B 63 35401
[27] ]Marks N 2002 J. Phys.:Condens. Mat. 14 2901
[28] ]Marks N A,Cooper N C,McKenzie D R 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 075411
[29] ]Justo J F,Bazant M Z,Kaxiras E,Bulatov V V,Yip S 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 2539
[30] ]Lau D W M,McCulloch D G,Marks N A,Madsen N R,Rode A V 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 233408
[31] ]Powles R C,Marks N A,Lau D W M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 075430
[32] ]Zhou Y,Karplus M,Ball K D,Berry R S 2002 J. Chem. Phys. 116 2323
[33] ]Ding F,Bolton K,Rosen A 2005 Eur. Phys. J. D 34 275
[34] ]Wang B L,Wang G H,Chen X S,Zhao J J 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 193403
[35] ]Ding F,Jiao K,Lin Y,Yakobson B I 2007 Nano Lett. 7 681
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