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The critical current density (Jc) and flux-pinning mechanism of MgB2 doped with citric acid (C6H8O7) from 0 to 30wt% have been investigated in detail by magnetic and resistive measurements. The temperature dependence of critical current density，Jc(T)，at particular field within the single vortex regime was analyzed. δTc pinning mechanism was found to be the only important pinning mechanism in pure MgB2 samples，while δl pinning is dominant with little effect of δTc pinning for citric acid doped samples. It was observed that the contribution of δl pinning enhances with the increasing doping level of critic acid，and it was also found that MgB2 doped with 15wt% critic acid shows the best performance in Jc-B behavior.
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Keywords:
- citric acid /
- MgB2 /
- δTc pinning /
- δl pinning
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[1] ［1］Nagamatsu J，Nakagawa N，Muranaka T，Zenitani Y，Akimitsu J 2001 Nature 410 63
[2] ［2］Tan M Q，Tao X M 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 1193 (in Chinese) ［谭明秋、陶向明 2001 物理学报 50 1193］
[3] ［3］Yang D S，Wu B M，Li B，Zheng W H，Li S Y，Chen X H，Cao L Z 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 2015 (in Chinese) ［杨东升、吴柏枚、李波、郑卫华、李世燕、陈仙辉、曹烈兆 2003 物理学报 52 2015］
[4] ［4］Yang H S，Yu M，Li S Y，Li P C，Chai Y S，Zhang L，Chen X H，Cao L Z 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 1197 (in Chinese) ［杨宏顺、余旻、李世燕、李鹏程、柴一晟、章良、陈先辉、曹烈兆 2001 物理学报 50 1197］
[5] ［5］Shang X F，Tao X M，Chen W B，Chen H X，Wang M，Tan M Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5838 (in Chinese) ［尚学府、陶向明、陈文斌、陈会贤、王淼、谭明秋 2008 物理学报 57 5838］
[6] ［6］Shi L B，Ren J Y，Zhang F Y，Zhang G H，Yu Z Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5353 (in Chinese) ［史力斌、任骏原、张凤云、张国华、余增强 2007 物理学报 56 5353］
[7] ［7］Feng W J，Xia T D，Liu T Z，Zhao W J，Wei Z Q 2005 Chin. Phys. 14 2325
[8] ［8］Chen R H，Zhu M Y，Li Y，Li W X，Jin H M，Dou S X 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 4878 (in Chinese) ［陈荣华、朱明原、李瑛、李文献、金红明、窦士学 2006 物理学报 55 4878］
[9] ［9］Zhang X P，Ma Y W，Gao Z S，Yu Z G，K.Watanabe，Wen H H 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 4873 (in Chinese) ［张现平、马衍伟、高召顺、禹争光、K.Watanabe、闻海虎 2006 物理学报 55 4873］
[10] ］Dou S X，Soltanian S，Horvat J，Wang X L，Zhou S H，Lonescu M，Liu H K 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 3419
[11] ］Zhou S H，Pan A V，Qin M J，Liu H K，Dou S X 2003 Physica C 387 321
[12] ］Yamamoto A，Shimoyama J，Ueda S，Iwayama I，Horii S，Kishio K2005 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 18 1323
[13] ］Cheng C H，Yang Y，Munroe P，Zhao Y 2007 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20 296
[14] ］Qin M J，Wang X L，Liu H K，Dou S X 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 132508
[15] ］Wang X L，Zeng R，Kim J H，Liu L，Dou S X 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 174501
[16] ］Ghorbani S R，Wang X L，Dou S X，Lee S，Hossain M S A 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 184502
[17] ］Kang W N，Kim H J，Choi E M，Lee S L 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 64512
[18] ］Takenobu T，Ito T，Chi D H，Prassides K，Iwasa Y 2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 134513
[19] ］Avdeev M，Jorgensen J D，Ribeiro R A，Bud’ko S L，Canfield P C 2003 Physica C 387 301
[20] ］Wang X L，Yao Q W，Horvat J，Qin M J，Dou S X 2004 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 17 L21
[21] ］Wilke R H T，Budko S L，Canfield P C，Finnemore D K 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 217003
[22] ］Blatter G，Feigelman M V，Geshkenbein V B，Larkin A I，Vinokur V M 1994 Rev. Mod. Phys. 66 1125
[23] ］Wen H H，Schnack H G，Griessen R，Dam B，Rector J 1995 Physica C 241 353
[24] ］Yeoh W K，Dou S X 2007 Physica C 456 170
[25] ］Zeng R，Lu L，Wang J L，Horvat J，Li W X，Shi D Q，Dou S X，Tomsic M，Rindfleisch M 2007 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20 L43
[26] ］Kazakov S M，Puzniak R，Rogacki K，Mironov A V，Zhigadlo N D，Jun J，Soltmann C，Batlogg B，Karpinski J 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 024533
[27] ］Rowell J M 2003 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 16 R17
[28] ］Mickelson W，Cumings J，Han W Q，Zettl A 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 052505
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