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This paper firstly selects three typhoon cases (SHANSHAN, YAGI, XANGSANE) which occurred in 2006, and analyzes the distribution characteristic of the normalized radar cross-section (NRCS, σo), which were received by QuikSCAT scatterometer in the case of rain effect. Secondly, in order to account for the effects of rain to σo, we follow the theory of atmospheric radiation transfer and introduce two different types of rain radiation transfer models (called SY model and AMSR model, respectively), then combine these two models with NSCAT2 GMF to produce an improved GMF suitable for the case of rain effect (called GMF+RAIN). Lastly, based on this GMF+RAIN, we use the ambiguity removal method which integrates 2DVAR (two-dimensional variational assimilation) with MSS (multiple solution scheme) to retrieve the YAGI and XANGSANE typhoon wind fields which had different intensity. The new approach which combines GMF+RAIN with 2DVAR+MSS improves the result, which further verifies the effectiveness of GMF+RAIN. This new approach also makes the scatterometer data more effective and valuable for application in the research of typhoon.
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Keywords:
- scatterometer /
- typhoon wind field /
- rain rate /
- radiation transfer model
[1] Bender M A, Ross R J, Tuleya R E, Kurihara Y 1993 Mon. Weather Rev. 121 2046
[2] Zhou Y S, Ran L K 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1366 (in Chinese) [周玉淑、冉令坤 2010 物理学报 59 1366]
[3] Liu W T, Hu H, Yueh S 2000 EOS T. Am. Geophys. Un. 81 253
[4] Marcos P A 2002 Ph. D. Dissertation (Barcelona:University of Barcelona)
[5] Stoffelen A, Anderson D 1997 Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 123A 491
[6] Courtier P, Thepaut J N, Hollingsworth A 1994 Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 120 1367
[7] Wentz F J, Spencer R W 1998 J. Atmos. Sci. 55 1613
[8] Zou J H, Lin M S, Pan D L, Chen Z H, Yang L 2009 J. Remote Sens. 13 847 (in chinese) [邹巨洪、林明森、潘德炉、陈正华、杨 乐 2009 遥感学报 13 847]
[9] Nie C, Long D G 2007 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 45 621
[10] Liu X C, Gao T C, Qin J, Liu L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2156 (in Chinese) [刘西川、高太长、秦 健、刘 磊 2010 物理学报 59 2156]
[11] Huang S X, Zhao X F, Sheng Z 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 5084
[12] Zeng L, Brown R 1998 J. Appl. Meteorol. 37 1412
[13] Yueh S H, Stiles B W, Liu W T 2003 IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 41 2616
[14] Nielsen S N 2007 M.S. Dissertation (Brigham:Brigham Young University)
[15] Huang S X, Cai Q F, Xiang J, Zhang M 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3022 (in Chinese) [黄思训、蔡其发、项 杰、张 铭 2007 物理学报 56 3022]
[16] Cao X Q, Huang S X, Du H D 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1984 (in Chinese) [曹小群、黄思训、杜华栋 2008 物理学报 57 1984]
[17] Huang S X, Wu R S 2005 Mathematical and Physical Problems in Atmospheric Sciences (2nd Ed.) (Beijing:Chinese Meteoro- logical Press) p460 (in Chinese) [黄思训、伍荣生 2005 大气科学中的数学物理基础(第二版)(北京:气象出版社)第460页]
[18] Sheng Z, Huang S X 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1734 (in Chinese) [盛 峥、黄思训 2010 物理学报 59 1734]
[19] Zhang L, Huang S X, Liu Y D, Zhong J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2889 (in Chinese) [张 亮、黄思训、刘宇迪、钟 剑 2010 物理学报 59 2889]
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[1] Bender M A, Ross R J, Tuleya R E, Kurihara Y 1993 Mon. Weather Rev. 121 2046
[2] Zhou Y S, Ran L K 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1366 (in Chinese) [周玉淑、冉令坤 2010 物理学报 59 1366]
[3] Liu W T, Hu H, Yueh S 2000 EOS T. Am. Geophys. Un. 81 253
[4] Marcos P A 2002 Ph. D. Dissertation (Barcelona:University of Barcelona)
[5] Stoffelen A, Anderson D 1997 Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 123A 491
[6] Courtier P, Thepaut J N, Hollingsworth A 1994 Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 120 1367
[7] Wentz F J, Spencer R W 1998 J. Atmos. Sci. 55 1613
[8] Zou J H, Lin M S, Pan D L, Chen Z H, Yang L 2009 J. Remote Sens. 13 847 (in chinese) [邹巨洪、林明森、潘德炉、陈正华、杨 乐 2009 遥感学报 13 847]
[9] Nie C, Long D G 2007 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 45 621
[10] Liu X C, Gao T C, Qin J, Liu L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2156 (in Chinese) [刘西川、高太长、秦 健、刘 磊 2010 物理学报 59 2156]
[11] Huang S X, Zhao X F, Sheng Z 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 5084
[12] Zeng L, Brown R 1998 J. Appl. Meteorol. 37 1412
[13] Yueh S H, Stiles B W, Liu W T 2003 IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 41 2616
[14] Nielsen S N 2007 M.S. Dissertation (Brigham:Brigham Young University)
[15] Huang S X, Cai Q F, Xiang J, Zhang M 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3022 (in Chinese) [黄思训、蔡其发、项 杰、张 铭 2007 物理学报 56 3022]
[16] Cao X Q, Huang S X, Du H D 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1984 (in Chinese) [曹小群、黄思训、杜华栋 2008 物理学报 57 1984]
[17] Huang S X, Wu R S 2005 Mathematical and Physical Problems in Atmospheric Sciences (2nd Ed.) (Beijing:Chinese Meteoro- logical Press) p460 (in Chinese) [黄思训、伍荣生 2005 大气科学中的数学物理基础(第二版)(北京:气象出版社)第460页]
[18] Sheng Z, Huang S X 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1734 (in Chinese) [盛 峥、黄思训 2010 物理学报 59 1734]
[19] Zhang L, Huang S X, Liu Y D, Zhong J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2889 (in Chinese) [张 亮、黄思训、刘宇迪、钟 剑 2010 物理学报 59 2889]
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