Search

Article

x

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Human dynamics analysis in online collaborative writing

Zhao Fei Liu Jin-Hu Zha Yi-Long Zhou Tao

Citation:

Human dynamics analysis in online collaborative writing

Zhao Fei, Liu Jin-Hu, Zha Yi-Long, Zhou Tao
PDF
Get Citation

(PLEASE TRANSLATE TO ENGLISH

BY GOOGLE TRANSLATE IF NEEDED.)

  • Investigating the human online behavior has become a central issue for understanding human dynamics in recent years. In this paper we analyze the temporal and content-updating statistical properties of online collaborative writing based on Wikipedia data. Online collaborative writing is one of the important and widespread human online behaviors, which is of great apphication. Empirical result shows that the distribution of inter-event time in collaborative writing is on the multi-scale. That is to say, two time intervals that range from 1 min to 30 min and 30 min to 24 h both obey power-law distribution with exponents equal to 1.62 and 1.16 respectively, while the interval larger than 24 h obeys a distribution whose cumulative form is F()-b-alog(). More investigatons show successive updating behavior and mutual updating behavior working together to lead to the multi-scale distribution of inter-event time. Successive updating behavior leads to the power-law distribution with an exponent 1.62 of interval within 30 min while mutual updating behavior leads to the power-law distribution with an exponent 1.16 of interval ranging from 30 min to 24 h. Furthermore, we find that reverse updating repeats frequently in collaborative writing. The proportions of reversing updating and the updating size are strongly relatively reflect that the updating size is a main reason leading to the relevant content to be preserved. The bigger the updating size, the harder it would be preserved. More statistical analyses imply that watching dog and edit war exist in Wikipedia editing. Those results are very helpful to deepen the understanding of the human collective behavior, especially of the collaborative developing behavior.
    [1]

    Gerald W 2003 The Second Information Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press) p279

    [2]

    Liu X H 2007 The Success of the Internet Grass-Roots revolution in Web2.0 era (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) p10 (in Chinese) [刘向辉 2007 互联网草根革命Web2.0时代的成功方略 (北京:清华大学出版社) 第10页]

    [3]
    [4]
    [5]

    Li N N, Zhou T, Zhang N 2008 Complex Syst. Complexity Sci. 5 2(in Chinese)[李楠楠、周 涛、张 宁 2008 复杂系统与复杂性科学 5 2]

    [6]
    [7]

    Wang B H, Han X P 2008 Physics 39 1(in Chinese)[汪秉宏、韩筱璞 2010 物理 39 1]

    [8]
    [9]

    Han X P, Wang B H, Zhou T 2010 Complex Syst. Complexity Sci. 5 2 (in Chinsese)[韩筱璞、汪秉宏、周 涛 2010 复杂系统与复杂性科学 5 2]

    [10]
    [11]

    Barabsi A L 2005 Nature 435 207

    [12]

    Mainardi F, Raberto M, Gorenflo R 2000 Physica A 287 468

    [13]
    [14]

    Plerou V, Gopikrishnan P, Amaral N 2000 Phys. Rev. E 62 3023

    [15]
    [16]

    Dezs Z, Almaas E, Lukcs A 2006 Phys. Rev. E 73 066132

    [17]
    [18]
    [19]

    Gonalves B, Ramasco J J 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 026123

    [20]

    Zhou T, Kiet H A T, Kim B J 2008 Europhys. Lett. 82 28002

    [21]
    [22]

    Hu H B, Han D Y 2008 Physica A 387 5916

    [23]
    [24]
    [25]

    Hong W, Han X P, Zhou T, Wang B H 2009 Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 028902

    [26]
    [27]

    Wu Y, Zhou C S, Xiao J H 2010 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 107 18803

    [28]

    Henderson T, Bhatti S 2001 in Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia ACM: Ottawa, Canada 212

    [29]
    [30]

    Grabowski A, Kruszewska N, Kosinacuteski R A 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 066110

    [31]
    [32]

    Cattuto C, Broeck W, Barrat A 2010 PLoS ONE 5 e11596

    [33]
    [34]

    Clauset A, Shalizi C R, Newman M E J 2009 SIAM Rev. 51 661

    [35]
    [36]

    Goldstein M L, Morris S A, Yen G G 2004 Eur. Phys. J.B 41 255

    [37]
    [38]
    [39]

    Sornette D, Laherrre J 1998 Eur. Phys. J. B 2 525

    [40]
    [41]

    Shang M S, L L Y, Zhang Y C 2001 Europhys. Lett. 90 48006

    [42]

    Zhou T, Wang B H, Jin Y D 2007 Int.J.Mod.Phys.C 2 297

    [43]
    [44]
    [45]

    Newman M E J 2000 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 98 405

    [46]

    Bogu M, Pastor S R, Vespignani A 2004 Eur. Phys. J.B 38 205

    [47]
    [48]

    Vzquez A, Oliveria J G, Dezs Z 2006 Phys. Rev. E 73 036127

    [49]
    [50]
    [51]

    Gabrielli A, Caldarelli G 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 208701

    [52]
    [53]

    Min B, Goh K I, Kim I M 2009 Phys. Rev. E 79 056110

    [54]

    Blanchard P, Hongler M O 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 026102

    [55]
    [56]
    [57]

    Guo J L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6(in Chinese)[郭进利 2010 物理学报 59 6]

    [58]

    Han X P, Zhou T, Wang B H 2008 New J. Phys. 10 073010

    [59]
    [60]

    Hidalgo R, Csar A 2006 Physica A 369 877

    [61]
    [62]

    Jiang Z Q 2008 Physica A 387 5818

    [63]
    [64]

    Malmgren D,Stoufer D B, Motter A E, Amaral L A N 2008 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 105 18153

    [65]
    [66]
    [67]

    Vazquez A 2006 Physica A 373 747

    [68]

    Radicchi F 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 026118

    [69]
    [70]

    Oliveira J G, Vazquez A 2008 Physica A 388 187

    [71]
    [72]
    [73]

    Crane R, Sornette D 2008 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 105 15649

    [74]
    [75]

    Ratkiewicz J, Fortunato S, Flammini A, Menczer F, Vespignani A 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 158701

    [76]
    [77]

    Chmiel A, Kowalska K, Holstrokyst J A 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 066122

    [78]
    [79]

    Zlatić V, Božičevi ć M, tefanči ć H, Domazet M 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 016115

    [80]

    Muchnik L, Itzhak R, Solomon S, Louzon Y 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 016106

    [81]
    [82]
    [83]

    Capocci A, Servedio V D P, Colaiori F, Buriol L S, Donata D, Leonardi S, Caldarelli G, 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 036116

    [84]

    Capocci A, Rao F, Caldarelli G 2008 Europhys. Lett. 81 28006

    [85]
    [86]
    [87]

    Zhirov A O, Zhirov O V, Shepelyansky D L 2010 Eur. Phys. J. B 77 523

    [88]

    Zhao F, Zhou T, Zhang L, Ma M H, Liu J H, Yu F, Zha Y L, Li R Q 2010 J.UESTC 39 3 (in Chinese)[赵 飞、周 涛、张 良、马鸣卉、刘金虎、余 飞、查一龙、李瑞琪 2010 电子科技大学学报 39 3]

    [89]
    [90]
    [91]

    Bauke H 2007 Eur. Phys. J. B 58 167

    [92]
    [93]

    Wang P, Xie X Y, Yeung C H, Wang B H 2011 Physica A 390 12

    [94]
    [95]

    Wang P, Lei T, Yeung C H, Wang B H 2011 Europhys. Lett. 94 18005

    [96]

    Goh K I, Barabsi A L 2008 Europhys. Lett. 81 48002

    [97]
    [98]
    [99]

    Krtzsch M D, Vrandeci ć M, Vlkel 2006 in The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006 Springer Berlin Heidelberg 935

    [100]
    [101]

    Chernov S, Iofciu T, Nejdl W, Zhou X 2006 in Proceedings of the First Workshop on Semantic WikisFrom Wiki To Semantics ESWC 2006

    [102]

    Yeh E, Ramage D, Manning C D, Agirre E, Soroa A 2009 in TextGraphs-4: Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Graph-based Methods for Natural Language Processing 41

    [103]
    [104]

    Strube M, Ponzetto S P 2006 Proceedings of the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence

    [105]
    [106]

    Holloway T, Božievi M, Brner K 2007 Special Issue on Understanding Complex Systems 12 30

    [107]
    [108]

    Suh B, Chi E H, Pendleton B, Kittur A 2007 IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology Sacramento

    [109]
    [110]

    Broughton J 2008 Wikipedia: the Missing manual p182 ISBN: 10:0-596-51616-2

    [111]
    [112]
    [113]

    Wu Y, Xiao J H, Wu Z Y, Yang J Z 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4(in Chinese)[吴 晔、肖井华、吴智远、杨俊忠 2007 物理学报 56 4]

    [114]
    [115]

    Li M J, Wu Y, Liu W Q, Xiao J H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8(in Chinese)[李明杰、吴 晔、刘维清、肖井华 2009 物理学报 58 8]

    [116]

    Xiong F, Liu Y, Si X M, Ding F 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 10(in Chinese)[熊 菲、刘 云、司夏萌、丁 飞 2010 物理学报 59 10]

    [117]
    [118]
    [119]

    Liu Y 2007 Introduction to Network Option Research (Tianjing: Tianjing Renmin Press) p84 (in Chinese) [刘毅 2007网络舆情研究概论 (天津:天津人民出版社) p84]

  • [1]

    Gerald W 2003 The Second Information Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press) p279

    [2]

    Liu X H 2007 The Success of the Internet Grass-Roots revolution in Web2.0 era (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) p10 (in Chinese) [刘向辉 2007 互联网草根革命Web2.0时代的成功方略 (北京:清华大学出版社) 第10页]

    [3]
    [4]
    [5]

    Li N N, Zhou T, Zhang N 2008 Complex Syst. Complexity Sci. 5 2(in Chinese)[李楠楠、周 涛、张 宁 2008 复杂系统与复杂性科学 5 2]

    [6]
    [7]

    Wang B H, Han X P 2008 Physics 39 1(in Chinese)[汪秉宏、韩筱璞 2010 物理 39 1]

    [8]
    [9]

    Han X P, Wang B H, Zhou T 2010 Complex Syst. Complexity Sci. 5 2 (in Chinsese)[韩筱璞、汪秉宏、周 涛 2010 复杂系统与复杂性科学 5 2]

    [10]
    [11]

    Barabsi A L 2005 Nature 435 207

    [12]

    Mainardi F, Raberto M, Gorenflo R 2000 Physica A 287 468

    [13]
    [14]

    Plerou V, Gopikrishnan P, Amaral N 2000 Phys. Rev. E 62 3023

    [15]
    [16]

    Dezs Z, Almaas E, Lukcs A 2006 Phys. Rev. E 73 066132

    [17]
    [18]
    [19]

    Gonalves B, Ramasco J J 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 026123

    [20]

    Zhou T, Kiet H A T, Kim B J 2008 Europhys. Lett. 82 28002

    [21]
    [22]

    Hu H B, Han D Y 2008 Physica A 387 5916

    [23]
    [24]
    [25]

    Hong W, Han X P, Zhou T, Wang B H 2009 Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 028902

    [26]
    [27]

    Wu Y, Zhou C S, Xiao J H 2010 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 107 18803

    [28]

    Henderson T, Bhatti S 2001 in Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia ACM: Ottawa, Canada 212

    [29]
    [30]

    Grabowski A, Kruszewska N, Kosinacuteski R A 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 066110

    [31]
    [32]

    Cattuto C, Broeck W, Barrat A 2010 PLoS ONE 5 e11596

    [33]
    [34]

    Clauset A, Shalizi C R, Newman M E J 2009 SIAM Rev. 51 661

    [35]
    [36]

    Goldstein M L, Morris S A, Yen G G 2004 Eur. Phys. J.B 41 255

    [37]
    [38]
    [39]

    Sornette D, Laherrre J 1998 Eur. Phys. J. B 2 525

    [40]
    [41]

    Shang M S, L L Y, Zhang Y C 2001 Europhys. Lett. 90 48006

    [42]

    Zhou T, Wang B H, Jin Y D 2007 Int.J.Mod.Phys.C 2 297

    [43]
    [44]
    [45]

    Newman M E J 2000 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 98 405

    [46]

    Bogu M, Pastor S R, Vespignani A 2004 Eur. Phys. J.B 38 205

    [47]
    [48]

    Vzquez A, Oliveria J G, Dezs Z 2006 Phys. Rev. E 73 036127

    [49]
    [50]
    [51]

    Gabrielli A, Caldarelli G 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 208701

    [52]
    [53]

    Min B, Goh K I, Kim I M 2009 Phys. Rev. E 79 056110

    [54]

    Blanchard P, Hongler M O 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 026102

    [55]
    [56]
    [57]

    Guo J L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6(in Chinese)[郭进利 2010 物理学报 59 6]

    [58]

    Han X P, Zhou T, Wang B H 2008 New J. Phys. 10 073010

    [59]
    [60]

    Hidalgo R, Csar A 2006 Physica A 369 877

    [61]
    [62]

    Jiang Z Q 2008 Physica A 387 5818

    [63]
    [64]

    Malmgren D,Stoufer D B, Motter A E, Amaral L A N 2008 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 105 18153

    [65]
    [66]
    [67]

    Vazquez A 2006 Physica A 373 747

    [68]

    Radicchi F 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 026118

    [69]
    [70]

    Oliveira J G, Vazquez A 2008 Physica A 388 187

    [71]
    [72]
    [73]

    Crane R, Sornette D 2008 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. U.S.A. 105 15649

    [74]
    [75]

    Ratkiewicz J, Fortunato S, Flammini A, Menczer F, Vespignani A 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 158701

    [76]
    [77]

    Chmiel A, Kowalska K, Holstrokyst J A 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 066122

    [78]
    [79]

    Zlatić V, Božičevi ć M, tefanči ć H, Domazet M 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 016115

    [80]

    Muchnik L, Itzhak R, Solomon S, Louzon Y 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 016106

    [81]
    [82]
    [83]

    Capocci A, Servedio V D P, Colaiori F, Buriol L S, Donata D, Leonardi S, Caldarelli G, 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 036116

    [84]

    Capocci A, Rao F, Caldarelli G 2008 Europhys. Lett. 81 28006

    [85]
    [86]
    [87]

    Zhirov A O, Zhirov O V, Shepelyansky D L 2010 Eur. Phys. J. B 77 523

    [88]

    Zhao F, Zhou T, Zhang L, Ma M H, Liu J H, Yu F, Zha Y L, Li R Q 2010 J.UESTC 39 3 (in Chinese)[赵 飞、周 涛、张 良、马鸣卉、刘金虎、余 飞、查一龙、李瑞琪 2010 电子科技大学学报 39 3]

    [89]
    [90]
    [91]

    Bauke H 2007 Eur. Phys. J. B 58 167

    [92]
    [93]

    Wang P, Xie X Y, Yeung C H, Wang B H 2011 Physica A 390 12

    [94]
    [95]

    Wang P, Lei T, Yeung C H, Wang B H 2011 Europhys. Lett. 94 18005

    [96]

    Goh K I, Barabsi A L 2008 Europhys. Lett. 81 48002

    [97]
    [98]
    [99]

    Krtzsch M D, Vrandeci ć M, Vlkel 2006 in The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006 Springer Berlin Heidelberg 935

    [100]
    [101]

    Chernov S, Iofciu T, Nejdl W, Zhou X 2006 in Proceedings of the First Workshop on Semantic WikisFrom Wiki To Semantics ESWC 2006

    [102]

    Yeh E, Ramage D, Manning C D, Agirre E, Soroa A 2009 in TextGraphs-4: Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Graph-based Methods for Natural Language Processing 41

    [103]
    [104]

    Strube M, Ponzetto S P 2006 Proceedings of the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence

    [105]
    [106]

    Holloway T, Božievi M, Brner K 2007 Special Issue on Understanding Complex Systems 12 30

    [107]
    [108]

    Suh B, Chi E H, Pendleton B, Kittur A 2007 IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology Sacramento

    [109]
    [110]

    Broughton J 2008 Wikipedia: the Missing manual p182 ISBN: 10:0-596-51616-2

    [111]
    [112]
    [113]

    Wu Y, Xiao J H, Wu Z Y, Yang J Z 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4(in Chinese)[吴 晔、肖井华、吴智远、杨俊忠 2007 物理学报 56 4]

    [114]
    [115]

    Li M J, Wu Y, Liu W Q, Xiao J H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8(in Chinese)[李明杰、吴 晔、刘维清、肖井华 2009 物理学报 58 8]

    [116]

    Xiong F, Liu Y, Si X M, Ding F 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 10(in Chinese)[熊 菲、刘 云、司夏萌、丁 飞 2010 物理学报 59 10]

    [117]
    [118]
    [119]

    Liu Y 2007 Introduction to Network Option Research (Tianjing: Tianjing Renmin Press) p84 (in Chinese) [刘毅 2007网络舆情研究概论 (天津:天津人民出版社) p84]

  • [1] Huang Xiao-Dong, He Bin-Xuan, Song Zhen, Mi Yuan-Yuan, Qu Zhi-Lin, Hu Gang. A review of advances in multiscale modelings, computations, and dynamical theories of arrhythmias. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(21): 218702. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240977
    [2] Li Zai-Dong, Nan Xue-Meng, Qu Chuan, Liu Wu-Ming. Inertial magnetization dynamics on femtosecond scale. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(10): 107502. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230345
    [3] Chen Xian, Zhang Jing, Tang Zhao-Huan. Molecular dynamics study of release mechanism of stress at Si/Ge interface on a nanoscale. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(2): 026801. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20181530
    [4] Shen Yu-Tian,  Meng Sheng. Water photosplitting: Atomistic mechanism and quantum dynamics. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(1): 018202. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20181312
    [5] Zhang Long-Yan,  Xu Jin-Liang,  Lei Jun-Peng. Molecular dynamics study of bubble nucleation on a nanoscale. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(23): 234702. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180993
    [6] Zhao Xin-Wen, Li Xin-Zhu, Zhang Hang, Wang Xue-Jun, Song Ping, Zhang Han-Zhao, Kang Qiang, Huang Jin, Wu Qiang. Dynamical behaviors of Sn micro-sphere particles under shock wave action. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(10): 104701. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.104701
    [7] Yang Yi, Tang Gang, Zhang Zhe, Xun Zhi-Peng, Song Li-Jian, Han Kui. Numerical investigations of dynamic behaviors of the restricted solid-on-solid model for Koch fractal substrates. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(13): 130501. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.130501
    [8] Liu Han-Tao, Liu Mou-Bin, Chang Jian-Zhong, Su Tie-Xiong. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of multiphase flow through a mesoscopic channel. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(6): 064705. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.064705
    [9] Dong Yu-Wei, Cai Shi-Min, Shang Ming-Sheng. Empirical study on scaling of human behaviors in e-commerce. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(2): 028901. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.028901
    [10] Zhao Jun-Ying, Jin Ning-De. Dynamic characteristics of multivariate graph centrobaric trajectory in phase space of two-phase flow. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(9): 094701. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.094701
    [11] Chang Jian-Zhong, Liu Han-Tao, Liu Mou-Bin, Su Tie-Xiong. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of flow around a mesoscopic sphere with different Reynolds numbers. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(6): 064704. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.064704
    [12] Guo Jin-Li. A model of human behavior dynamics and exact results. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(6): 3851-3855. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.3851
    [13] Zheng Gui-Bo, Jin Ning-De. Multiscale entropy and dynamic characteristics of two-phase flow patterns. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(7): 4485-4492. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.4485
    [14] Gong Zhi-Qiang, Zhou Lei, Zhi Rong, Feng Guo-Lin. Analysis of dynamical statistical characteristics of temperature correlation networks of 1—30d scales. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(8): 5351-5360. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.5351
    [15] Zhang Qi-Chang, Tian Rui-Lan, Wang Wei. Chaotic properties of mechanically and electrically coupled nonlinear dynamical systems. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(5): 2799-2804. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.2799
    [16] Chen Jun, Xu Yun, Chen Dong-Quan, Sun Jin-Shan. Multi-scale simulation of the dynamic behaviors of nano-void in shocked material. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(10): 6437-6443. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.6437
    [17] Dong Fang, Jin Ning-De, Zong Yan-Bo, Wang Zhen-Ya. Multi-scale recurrence quantification analysis of the dynamic characteristics of two phase flow pattern. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(10): 6145-6154. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.6145
    [18] Wan Shi-Quan, Feng Guo-Lin, Dong Wen-Jie, Li Jian-Ping. From regional to global dynamics structure of the climatic proxy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(11): 5487-5493. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.5487
    [19] Chen Bo, Tong Pei-Qing. Dynamics of many particles in the urn model. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(12): 5554-5558. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.5554
    [20] ZHU RONG, HAN JING-CHENG, GUAN YI-FU, LIU HOU-XIANG, LI SHU-AIO, WU CUN-KAI. DYNAMICS OF MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION OF ACETALDEHYDE BY UV LASER. Acta Physica Sinica, 1987, 36(4): 459-466. doi: 10.7498/aps.36.459
Metrics
  • Abstract views:  7602
  • PDF Downloads:  1016
  • Cited By: 0
Publishing process
  • Received Date:  22 January 2011
  • Accepted Date:  10 March 2011
  • Published Online:  15 November 2011

/

返回文章
返回