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This paper deals with the retrieving of the bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) of the distinct urban cover in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region employing the high-spatial-resolution multi-angle polarized measurements made by the directional polarimetric camera (DPC). The results show that three BRDF models (RPV, Ross-Roujean and Ross-Li) describe the DPC measurements well. Forest is best fitted by Ross-Li and bare soil is best fitted by Ross-Roujean. Urban and shrub are best fitted by RPV. The results demonstrate that the reflectances of different types of surfaces are different and increase with the increase of scattering angle. The basic theory of investigating surface properties using multi-angle measurements is proposed.
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Keywords:
- DPC /
- BRDF /
- quantitative remote sensing /
- kernel function
[1] Hasekamp O P, Landgraf J 2007 Appl. Opti. 46 3332
[2] Mishchenko M I, Geogdzhayev I V, Cairns B, Carlson B E, Chowdhary J, Lacis A A, Liu Li, Rossow W B, Travis L D 2007 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra. 106 325
[3] Chowdhary J, Cairns B, Mishchenko M I, Hobbs P, Cota G, Re-demann J, Rutledge K, Holben B N, Russel E 2005 Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 62 1093
[4] Hasekamp O P, Landgraf J 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 D20207
[5] Mishchenko M I, Travis L D 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 16989
[6] Tanre D, Kaufman Y J, Herman M, Mattoo S 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 971
[7] Hyman A H, Barnsley M J 1997 Int. J. Remote Sens. 18 2471
[8] ZhangY, Tian Y, Myneni R B, Knyazikhin Y, Woodcock C E 2002 Remote Sens. Environ. 80 418
[9] Knyazikhin Y, Martonchik J V, Diner D J, Myneni R B, Verstraete M M, Pinty B, Gobron N 1998 J. Geophys. Res. 103 32239
[10] Bicheron, P, Leroy M 1999 Remote Sens. Environ. 67 251
[11] Vermote E F, Saleous N E, Justice C O, Kaufman Y J, Privette Y J, Remer L, Roger J C, Tanre′ D 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102(D14) 17,131
[12] Hapke B 1981 J. Geophys. Res. 86(B4) 3039
[13] Rahman H, Pinty B, Verstraete M M 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98(D11) 20791
[14] Roujean J L, Leroy M, Deschamps P Y 1992 J. Geophys. Res. 97(D18) 20455
[15] Li X, Strahler A H 1992 IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 30 276
[16] Wanner W, Li X, Strahler A H 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100(D10) 21077
[17] Maignan F, Breon F M, Lacaze R 2004 Remote Sens. Environ. 90 210
[18] Litvinov P, Hasekamp O, Cairns B 2011 Remote Sens. Environ. 115 781
[19] Mishchenko M,Cairns B, Kopp G, Schueler G, Fafaul C, Hansen J 2007 B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 88 677
[20] Maignan F, Breon F M, Fedele E, Bouvier M 2009 Remote Sens. Environ. 113 2642
[21] Waquet F, Leon J F, Cairns B 2009 Appl. Optics 48 1228
[22] Lafrance B 1997 Ph. D. (France: Universite′ des Sciences et Tech-niques de Lille)
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[1] Hasekamp O P, Landgraf J 2007 Appl. Opti. 46 3332
[2] Mishchenko M I, Geogdzhayev I V, Cairns B, Carlson B E, Chowdhary J, Lacis A A, Liu Li, Rossow W B, Travis L D 2007 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra. 106 325
[3] Chowdhary J, Cairns B, Mishchenko M I, Hobbs P, Cota G, Re-demann J, Rutledge K, Holben B N, Russel E 2005 Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 62 1093
[4] Hasekamp O P, Landgraf J 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 D20207
[5] Mishchenko M I, Travis L D 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 16989
[6] Tanre D, Kaufman Y J, Herman M, Mattoo S 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 971
[7] Hyman A H, Barnsley M J 1997 Int. J. Remote Sens. 18 2471
[8] ZhangY, Tian Y, Myneni R B, Knyazikhin Y, Woodcock C E 2002 Remote Sens. Environ. 80 418
[9] Knyazikhin Y, Martonchik J V, Diner D J, Myneni R B, Verstraete M M, Pinty B, Gobron N 1998 J. Geophys. Res. 103 32239
[10] Bicheron, P, Leroy M 1999 Remote Sens. Environ. 67 251
[11] Vermote E F, Saleous N E, Justice C O, Kaufman Y J, Privette Y J, Remer L, Roger J C, Tanre′ D 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102(D14) 17,131
[12] Hapke B 1981 J. Geophys. Res. 86(B4) 3039
[13] Rahman H, Pinty B, Verstraete M M 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98(D11) 20791
[14] Roujean J L, Leroy M, Deschamps P Y 1992 J. Geophys. Res. 97(D18) 20455
[15] Li X, Strahler A H 1992 IEEE T. Geosci. Remote 30 276
[16] Wanner W, Li X, Strahler A H 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100(D10) 21077
[17] Maignan F, Breon F M, Lacaze R 2004 Remote Sens. Environ. 90 210
[18] Litvinov P, Hasekamp O, Cairns B 2011 Remote Sens. Environ. 115 781
[19] Mishchenko M,Cairns B, Kopp G, Schueler G, Fafaul C, Hansen J 2007 B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 88 677
[20] Maignan F, Breon F M, Fedele E, Bouvier M 2009 Remote Sens. Environ. 113 2642
[21] Waquet F, Leon J F, Cairns B 2009 Appl. Optics 48 1228
[22] Lafrance B 1997 Ph. D. (France: Universite′ des Sciences et Tech-niques de Lille)
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