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A real-time measurement of gases based on QEPAS is introduced. For eliminating fluctuation of laser, a simple method, in which a digital PID algorithm and a software lock-in amplifier designed by using Lab-VIEW are employed, is utilized to lock the laser to the center of the absorption line. In order to test the system, an absorption line of water vapor near 1.396 m is chosen by using a fiber-coupled distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser. An over-40-hours continuous measurement is implemented, and the relevant results are presented and discussed. The detection limit of the system is 1 ppm. This method can also be used to measure the trace gases and monitor the industry gases.
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Keywords:
- quartz enhanced photo-acoustic absorption spectroscopy (QEPAS) /
- wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) /
- software lock-in amplifier /
- digital PID
[1] Wysocki G, Bakhirkin Y, So S, Tittel F K, Hill C J, Yang R Q, Fraser M P, 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 8202
[2] Cristescu S M, Persijn ST, Hekkert S T, Harren F J M Appl. Phys. B 92 343
[3] McCurdy M R, Bakhirkin Y, Wysocki G, Lewicki R, Tittel F K 2007 J. Breath Res. 1 014001
[4] Linnerud I, Kaspersen P, Jager T 1998 Appl. Phys. 67 297
[5] Kosterev A A, Bakhirkin Y A, Curl R F, Tittel F K 2002 Opt. Lett. 27 1902
[6] Kosterev A A, Tittel F K 2004 Appl. Opt. 43 6213
[7] Lewicki R, Wysocki G, Kosterev A A, Tittel F K 2007 Appl. Phys. B 87 157
[8] Kosterev A A, Mosely T S, Tittel F K 2006 Appl. Phys. B 85 295
[9] Schilt S, Kosterev A A, Tittel F K 2009 Appl. Phys. B 95 813
[10] Kosterev A A, Bakhirkin Y A, Tittel F K, Mcwhorter S, Ashcraft B 2008 Appl. Phys. B 92 103
[11] Liu K, Li J S, Wang L, Tan T, Zhang W J, Gao X M, Chen W D, Tittel F K 2009 Appl. Phys. B 94 527
[12] Liu K, Guo X Y, Yi H M, Chen W D, Zhang W J, Gao X M 2009 Optics Letters 34 1594
[13] Kosterev A A, Tittel F K, Serebryakov D V, Malinovsky A L, Morozov I V 2005 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 043105
[14] Grober R D, Acimovic J, Schuck J, Hessman D, Kindlemann P J, Hespanha J, Morse A S, Karrai K, Tiemann I, Manus S 2000 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 2776
[15] Dong L, Ma W G, Yin W B, Li C Y, Jia S T 2005 Journal of Optoelectronics Laser 16 255 (in Chinese) [董磊, 马维光, 尹王保, 李昌勇, 贾锁堂 2005 光电子激光 16 255]
[16] Reid J, Labrie D 1981 Applied Physics B 26 203
[17] Haris R, Clinton B C, Russell E W 1994 Appl. Opt. 33 5506
[18] Kan R F, Liu W Q, Zhang Y J, Liu J G, Dong F Z, Gao S H, Wang M, Chen J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1927 (in Chinese) [阚瑞峰, 刘文清, 张玉均, 刘建国, 董凤忠, 高山虎, 王敏, 陈军 2005 物理学报 54 [1927]
[19] Zhang Z R, Dong F Z, Zhang S, Zhang Y J, Kan R F 2008 Ludong University Journal (Natural Science Edition), 24 142 (in Chinese) [张志荣, 丁宗富, 丁宗玲, 董凤忠, 张帅, 张玉钧, 阚瑞峰 2008 鲁东大学学报 24 142]
[20] Wang L, Tan T, Cao Z S, Wang G S, Zhang W J, Gao X M 2010 Spectroscopy and spectral analysis 30 2192 (in Chinese) [汪磊, 谈图, 曹振松, 王贵师, 张为俊, 高晓明 2010 光谱学与光谱分析30 2192]
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[1] Wysocki G, Bakhirkin Y, So S, Tittel F K, Hill C J, Yang R Q, Fraser M P, 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 8202
[2] Cristescu S M, Persijn ST, Hekkert S T, Harren F J M Appl. Phys. B 92 343
[3] McCurdy M R, Bakhirkin Y, Wysocki G, Lewicki R, Tittel F K 2007 J. Breath Res. 1 014001
[4] Linnerud I, Kaspersen P, Jager T 1998 Appl. Phys. 67 297
[5] Kosterev A A, Bakhirkin Y A, Curl R F, Tittel F K 2002 Opt. Lett. 27 1902
[6] Kosterev A A, Tittel F K 2004 Appl. Opt. 43 6213
[7] Lewicki R, Wysocki G, Kosterev A A, Tittel F K 2007 Appl. Phys. B 87 157
[8] Kosterev A A, Mosely T S, Tittel F K 2006 Appl. Phys. B 85 295
[9] Schilt S, Kosterev A A, Tittel F K 2009 Appl. Phys. B 95 813
[10] Kosterev A A, Bakhirkin Y A, Tittel F K, Mcwhorter S, Ashcraft B 2008 Appl. Phys. B 92 103
[11] Liu K, Li J S, Wang L, Tan T, Zhang W J, Gao X M, Chen W D, Tittel F K 2009 Appl. Phys. B 94 527
[12] Liu K, Guo X Y, Yi H M, Chen W D, Zhang W J, Gao X M 2009 Optics Letters 34 1594
[13] Kosterev A A, Tittel F K, Serebryakov D V, Malinovsky A L, Morozov I V 2005 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 043105
[14] Grober R D, Acimovic J, Schuck J, Hessman D, Kindlemann P J, Hespanha J, Morse A S, Karrai K, Tiemann I, Manus S 2000 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 2776
[15] Dong L, Ma W G, Yin W B, Li C Y, Jia S T 2005 Journal of Optoelectronics Laser 16 255 (in Chinese) [董磊, 马维光, 尹王保, 李昌勇, 贾锁堂 2005 光电子激光 16 255]
[16] Reid J, Labrie D 1981 Applied Physics B 26 203
[17] Haris R, Clinton B C, Russell E W 1994 Appl. Opt. 33 5506
[18] Kan R F, Liu W Q, Zhang Y J, Liu J G, Dong F Z, Gao S H, Wang M, Chen J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1927 (in Chinese) [阚瑞峰, 刘文清, 张玉均, 刘建国, 董凤忠, 高山虎, 王敏, 陈军 2005 物理学报 54 [1927]
[19] Zhang Z R, Dong F Z, Zhang S, Zhang Y J, Kan R F 2008 Ludong University Journal (Natural Science Edition), 24 142 (in Chinese) [张志荣, 丁宗富, 丁宗玲, 董凤忠, 张帅, 张玉钧, 阚瑞峰 2008 鲁东大学学报 24 142]
[20] Wang L, Tan T, Cao Z S, Wang G S, Zhang W J, Gao X M 2010 Spectroscopy and spectral analysis 30 2192 (in Chinese) [汪磊, 谈图, 曹振松, 王贵师, 张为俊, 高晓明 2010 光谱学与光谱分析30 2192]
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