Properties and fabrication status of capsules for ignition targets in inertial confinement fusion experiments

Zhang Zhan-Wen; Qi Xiao-Bo; Li Bo

doi:10.7498/aps.61.145204

Abstract

The inertial confinement fusion program has proposed a laser capable of producing ignition and gain as the next step. Several choices exist in the design and production of capsules. In this paper the important features of each ablator material and the status of production are summarized. The design consists of ablators made of germanium-doped carbon hydrogen (CH), beryllium doped copper, polyimide, B4C and diamond. The CH and beryllium capsules are two of the most important choices. Compared with the beryllium shell, the CH shell has no microstructure and has a transparent wall that allows optical characterization of the fuel ice layer. The CH shell has the advantage that the specification can be easy to satisfy the ignition acquirements. The current ignition point has been designed in USA since 2010. The ignition target design has a series of demands for the capsule, such as capsule dimensions, coating density, void defects and volume, surface roughness, uniformity, doping and impurity levels. Now, the CH capsule can meet ignition requirements in USA, while the relevant work has just started in China.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China

References

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[26]	Chen K C, Moreno K A, Lee Y T, Wu J J, Nguyen Q L, Huang H, Sequoia K, Nikroo A 2009 Fusion Technol. 59 8
[27]	Theobald M, Dumay B, Chicanne C, Barnouin J, Legaie O, Baclet P 2004 Fusion Technol. 45 176
[28]	Nikroo A, Pontelandolfo J M, Castillo E R 2002 Fusion Technol. 41 220
[29]	Chen K C, Nguyen A Q, Huang H, Eddinger S A, Nikroo A 2009 Fusion Technol. 55 429
[30]	Clark D S, Haan S W, Hammel B A, Salmonson J D, Callahan D A, Town R P J 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 052703
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[34]	Lundgren E H, Forsman A C 2009 Fusion Technol. 55 325
[35]	Youngblood K P, Moreno K A, Nikroo A, Huang H, Lee Y T, Letts S A, Alford C S, Buckley S R 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 572
[36]	Bhandarkar S, Letts S A, Buckley S, Alford C, Lindsey E, Hughes J, Youngblood K P, Moreno K, Xu H, Huang H, Nikroo A 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 564
[37]	Nikroo A, Xu H W, Moreno K A, Youngblood K P, Cooley J, Alford C S, Letts S A, Cook R C 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 553
[38]	Sanchez J J, Letts S A 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 491
[39]	Alfonso E L, Tsai F Y, Chen S H, Gram R Q, Harding D R 1999 Fusion Technol. 35 131
[40]	Huang Y, Zhang Z W, Liu Y Y, Li B, Chen S F, Qi X B 2011 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 23 1527 (in Chinese) [黄勇, 张占文, 刘一杨, 李波, 陈素芬, 漆小波 2011 强激光与离子束 23 1527]
[41]	Letts S A, Fearon E, Anthamatten M, Buckley S R, King C, Cook R 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 714
[42]	Chen K C, Nikroo A 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 721
[43]	Biener J, Mirkarimi P B, Tringe J W, Baker S L, Wang Y, Kucheyev S O, Teslich N E, Wu K J J, Hamza A V, Wild C, Woerner E, Koidl P, Bruehne K, Fecht H J 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 737
[44]	Burnham A K, Alford C S, Makowiecki D M, Dittrich T R, Wallace R J, Honea E C, King C M 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 456
[45]	Haan S W, Pollaine S M, Lindl J D, Suter L J, Berger R L, Powers L V, Alley W E, Amendt P A, Futterman J A, Levedahl W K, Rosen M D, Rowley D P, Sacks R A, Shestakov A I, Strobel G L, Tabak M, Weber S V, Zimmerman G B, Krauser W J, Wilson D C, Coggeshall S V, Harris D B, Hoffman N M, Wilde B H 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 2480
[46]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Hinkel D E, Pollaine S M, Mceachern R, Cook R C, Roberts C C, Wilson D C, Bradley P A, Varnum W S 1999 Laser and Particle Beams 17 217
[47]	Wilson D S, Bradley P A, Hoffman N M, Swenson F J, Smitherman D P, Chrien R E, Margevicius R W, Thoma D J, Foreman L R, Hoffer J K, Goldman S R, Caldwell S E, Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Pollaine S M, Sanchez J J 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 1953

Cited By

[1]	Tabak M, Hammer J M, Glinsky M E 1994 Phys. Plasmas 1 1626
[2]	Lindl J D 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 3933
[3]	Haan S W, Callahan D A, Edwards M J 2009 Fusion Sci. Technol. 55 227
[4]	Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Suter L J 2003 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
[5]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Pollaine S, Burnharm A K 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 402
[6]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Pollaine S M, McEachern R 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 3708
[7]	McQuillan B W, Nikroo A, Steinman D A, Elsner F H, Czechowicz D G, Hoppe M L, Sixtus M, Miller W J 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 381
[8]	Fearon E M, Letts S A, Allison L M, Cook R C 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 406
[9]	Nikroo A, Pontelandolfo J M 2000 Fusion Technol. 38 58
[10]	Margevicius R W, Salzer L J, Salazar M A, Foreman L R 1999 Fusion Technol. 35 106
[11]	Zhang Z W, Li B, Tang Y J, Wanh C Y, Chen S F, Qi X B 2005 J. Chin. Ceramic Soc. 33 1085 (in Chinese) [张占文, 李波, 唐永建, 王朝阳, 陈素芬, 漆小波 2005 硅酸盐学报 33 1085]
[12]	Chen K C, Cook R C, Huang H, Letts S A, Nikroo A 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 750
[13]	Brusasco R, Saculla M, Cook R 1995 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 948
[14]	Du K, You D, Zhang L, Zhou L, Lin B 1998 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 10 426 (in Chinese) [杜凯, 游丹, 张林, 周兰, 林波 1998 强激光与离子束 10 426]
[15]	Zhang L, Tang Y J, Gao D Z, You D, Tu H Y, Luo X 2001 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 35 427 (in Chinese) [张林, 唐永建, 高党忠, 游丹, 涂海燕, 罗炫 2001 原子能科学技术 35 427]
[16]	Huang Y, Wu W D, Wei S, Luo J S, Zhang J C, Zhang Z W 2002 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 36 343 (in Chinese) [黄勇, 吴卫东, 魏胜, 罗江山, 张继成, 张占文 2002 原子能科学技术 36 343]
[17]	Zhang Z W, Huang Y, Tang Y J, Li B, Chen S F, Liu Y Y 2008 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 42 284 (in Chinese) [张占文, 黄勇, 唐永建, 李波, 陈素芬, 刘一杨 2008 原子能科学技术 42 284]
[18]	Takagi M, Cook R, McQuillan B, Gibson J, Paguio S 2004 Fusion Technol. 45 171
[19]	Theobald M, Chicanne C, Barnouin J, Peche E, Baclet P 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 757
[20]	Haan S W, Salmonson J D, Clarkd D S, Ho D D, Hammel B A, Callahan D A, Cerjan C J, Edwards M J, Hatchett S P, Landen O L, Lindl J D, Macgowan B J, Marinak M M, Munro D H, Robey H F, Spears B K, Suter L J, Town R P, Weber S V, Wilson D C 2010 Fusion Technol. 59 1
[21]	Chicanne C, Bray J, Peche E, Legay G, Theobald M, Legaie O, Ollagnier A, Finotb E 2010 Fusion Technol. 59 87
[22]	Wu W D, Luo J S, Zhang Z W, Huang Y 1999 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 33 (in Chinese) [吴卫东, 罗江山, 张占文, 黄勇 1999 原子能科学技术 33 319]
[23]	Yang Z L, He Z B, Song Z M, Lu T C, Zhang B L, Tang Y J 2010 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 22 1044 (in Chinese) [阳志林, 何智兵, 宋之敏, 卢铁城, 张宝玲, 唐永建 2010 强激光与离子束 22 1048]
[24]	Zhang Z W, Huang Y, Tang Y J, Li B, Chen S F, He Z B 2009 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 43 457 (in Chinese) [张占文, 黄勇, 唐永建, 李波, 陈素芬, 何智兵 2009 原子能科学技术 43 457]
[25]	Czechowicz D G, Castillo E R, Nikroo A 2002 Fusion Technol. 41 188
[26]	Chen K C, Moreno K A, Lee Y T, Wu J J, Nguyen Q L, Huang H, Sequoia K, Nikroo A 2009 Fusion Technol. 59 8
[27]	Theobald M, Dumay B, Chicanne C, Barnouin J, Legaie O, Baclet P 2004 Fusion Technol. 45 176
[28]	Nikroo A, Pontelandolfo J M, Castillo E R 2002 Fusion Technol. 41 220
[29]	Chen K C, Nguyen A Q, Huang H, Eddinger S A, Nikroo A 2009 Fusion Technol. 55 429
[30]	Clark D S, Haan S W, Hammel B A, Salmonson J D, Callahan D A, Town R P J 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 052703
[31]	Mceachen R, Alford C, Cook R, Makowiecki D, Wallace R 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 435
[32]	Xu H W, Alford C S, Cooley J C, Dixon L A, Hackenberg R E, Letts A A, Moreno K A, Nikroo A, Wall J R, Youngblood K P 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 547
[33]	Salazar K V, Pattillo S G, Trkula M 2000 Fusion Technol. 38 69
[34]	Lundgren E H, Forsman A C 2009 Fusion Technol. 55 325
[35]	Youngblood K P, Moreno K A, Nikroo A, Huang H, Lee Y T, Letts S A, Alford C S, Buckley S R 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 572
[36]	Bhandarkar S, Letts S A, Buckley S, Alford C, Lindsey E, Hughes J, Youngblood K P, Moreno K, Xu H, Huang H, Nikroo A 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 564
[37]	Nikroo A, Xu H W, Moreno K A, Youngblood K P, Cooley J, Alford C S, Letts S A, Cook R C 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 553
[38]	Sanchez J J, Letts S A 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 491
[39]	Alfonso E L, Tsai F Y, Chen S H, Gram R Q, Harding D R 1999 Fusion Technol. 35 131
[40]	Huang Y, Zhang Z W, Liu Y Y, Li B, Chen S F, Qi X B 2011 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 23 1527 (in Chinese) [黄勇, 张占文, 刘一杨, 李波, 陈素芬, 漆小波 2011 强激光与离子束 23 1527]
[41]	Letts S A, Fearon E, Anthamatten M, Buckley S R, King C, Cook R 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 714
[42]	Chen K C, Nikroo A 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 721
[43]	Biener J, Mirkarimi P B, Tringe J W, Baker S L, Wang Y, Kucheyev S O, Teslich N E, Wu K J J, Hamza A V, Wild C, Woerner E, Koidl P, Bruehne K, Fecht H J 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 737
[44]	Burnham A K, Alford C S, Makowiecki D M, Dittrich T R, Wallace R J, Honea E C, King C M 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 456
[45]	Haan S W, Pollaine S M, Lindl J D, Suter L J, Berger R L, Powers L V, Alley W E, Amendt P A, Futterman J A, Levedahl W K, Rosen M D, Rowley D P, Sacks R A, Shestakov A I, Strobel G L, Tabak M, Weber S V, Zimmerman G B, Krauser W J, Wilson D C, Coggeshall S V, Harris D B, Hoffman N M, Wilde B H 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 2480
[46]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Hinkel D E, Pollaine S M, Mceachern R, Cook R C, Roberts C C, Wilson D C, Bradley P A, Varnum W S 1999 Laser and Particle Beams 17 217
[47]	Wilson D S, Bradley P A, Hoffman N M, Swenson F J, Smitherman D P, Chrien R E, Margevicius R W, Thoma D J, Foreman L R, Hoffer J K, Goldman S R, Caldwell S E, Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Pollaine S M, Sanchez J J 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 1953

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