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Based on the high dielectric tunability, high dielectric constant and small dielectric loss at paraelectric phase, lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics have been used in microwave devises widely. According to the present theory of dielectric tunability, the expression of dielectric tunability is derived by adjusting parameters properly. The derived expression can be used to deal with experimental results. It is found that there exists a great difference between experimental result and the theoretical result obtained under the assumption of unchanged paraelectric phase under an electric field, while the experimental result and the theoretical result of Johnson in 1962 is consistent. A modified relation of dielectric constant with higher electric field is derived by considering the Gibbs free energy modified with an external electric field and a spontaneous polarization. The result from the modified equation is in agreement with the experimental result. A concept of degree of tunability is proposed to express quantitatively the relationship between dielectric tunability and concentration of dopants.
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Keywords:
- relaxor ferroelectrics /
- dielectric tunability /
- degree of tunability
[1] Feteira A, Sinclair D C, Reaney I M, Somiya Y, Lanagan M T 2004 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 1082
[2] Lanagan M T, Yang N, Dube D C, Jang S J 1989 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72 481
[3] Johnson K M 1962 J. Appl. Phys. 33 2826
[4] Zhong W L 1996 Ferroelectrics (Beijing: Science Press) p430 (in Chinese) [钟维列 1996 铁电物理学 (北京: 科学出版社)第 430页]
[5] Chen W, Cao W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 097701 (in Chinese) [陈威, 曹万强 2012 物理学报 61 097701]
[6] Mitsui T, Tatszaki I, Nakamura E 1983 An Introduction to the Ferroelectrics (Beijing: Science Press) p55 (in Chinese) [三井利夫, 达崎达, 中村英二 1983 铁电物理学导论 (北京: 科学出版社)第55页]
[7] Ianculescu A, Mocanu Z V, Curecheriu L P, Mitoseriu L, Padurariu L, Trusca R 2011 J. Alloys Compounds 509 10040
[8] Cross L E 1987 Ferroelectrics 76 241
[9] Liang R H, Dong X L, Chen Y, Cao F, Wang Y L 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 4914 (in Chinese) [梁瑞虹, 董显林, 陈莹, 曹菲, 王永龄 2005 物理学报 54 4914]
[10] Shang Y L, Shu M F, Chen W, Cao W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 197701 (in Chinese) [尚玉黎, 舒明飞, 陈威, 曹万强 2012 物理学报 61 197701]
[11] Yu Z, Ang C, Guo R, Bhalla A S 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 1285
[12] Maiti T, Guo R, Bhalla A S 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 182901
[13] Maiti T, Guo R, Bhalla A S 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 122909
[14] Tang X G, Chew K H, Chan H L W 2004 Acta Mater. 52 5177
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[1] Feteira A, Sinclair D C, Reaney I M, Somiya Y, Lanagan M T 2004 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87 1082
[2] Lanagan M T, Yang N, Dube D C, Jang S J 1989 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 72 481
[3] Johnson K M 1962 J. Appl. Phys. 33 2826
[4] Zhong W L 1996 Ferroelectrics (Beijing: Science Press) p430 (in Chinese) [钟维列 1996 铁电物理学 (北京: 科学出版社)第 430页]
[5] Chen W, Cao W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 097701 (in Chinese) [陈威, 曹万强 2012 物理学报 61 097701]
[6] Mitsui T, Tatszaki I, Nakamura E 1983 An Introduction to the Ferroelectrics (Beijing: Science Press) p55 (in Chinese) [三井利夫, 达崎达, 中村英二 1983 铁电物理学导论 (北京: 科学出版社)第55页]
[7] Ianculescu A, Mocanu Z V, Curecheriu L P, Mitoseriu L, Padurariu L, Trusca R 2011 J. Alloys Compounds 509 10040
[8] Cross L E 1987 Ferroelectrics 76 241
[9] Liang R H, Dong X L, Chen Y, Cao F, Wang Y L 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 4914 (in Chinese) [梁瑞虹, 董显林, 陈莹, 曹菲, 王永龄 2005 物理学报 54 4914]
[10] Shang Y L, Shu M F, Chen W, Cao W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 197701 (in Chinese) [尚玉黎, 舒明飞, 陈威, 曹万强 2012 物理学报 61 197701]
[11] Yu Z, Ang C, Guo R, Bhalla A S 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 1285
[12] Maiti T, Guo R, Bhalla A S 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 182901
[13] Maiti T, Guo R, Bhalla A S 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 122909
[14] Tang X G, Chew K H, Chan H L W 2004 Acta Mater. 52 5177
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