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A three-party quantum key agreement protocol based on EPR pairs is proposed, in which the three participants have equal status in the protocol and each participant is capable of contributing to the shared secret key in the same degree. In addition, any one or two parties cannot predetermine the value of shared key alone. The security analysis shows that our protocol can resist the outside attack and the dishonest participants attack.
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Keywords:
- quantum cryptography /
- quantum key agreement /
- Bell states
[1] Mitchell C J, Ward M, Wilson P 1998 Electron. Lett. 34 980
[2] Ateniese G, Steiner M, Tsudik G 2000 IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 18 628
[3] Shor P W 1994 Proceedings of 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, Los Alamitos p124
[4] Bennett C H, Brassard G 1984 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing Bangalore, India (New York: IEEE) p175
[5] Bennett C H, Brassard G, Mermin N D 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 557
[6] Long G L, Liu X S 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 032302
[7] Gao F, Guo F Z, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2006 Phys. Lett. A 355 172
[8] Zhang Z J, Man Z X 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 1588
[9] Zeng G H, Keitel C 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 042312
[10] Deng F G, Long G L, Liu X S 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 042317
[11] Zeng G H, Lee M, Guo Y, He G Q 2007 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 5 553
[12] Zhu C H, Pei C X, Quan D X, Gao J L, Chen N, Yi Y H 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 090301
[13] Ding D, Yan F L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 10302 (in Chinese) [丁东, 闫凤利 2013 物理学报 62 10302]
[14] Zhu J, He G Q, Zeng G H 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 1364
[15] Yang Y G, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3255 (in Chinese) [杨宇光, 温巧燕, 朱甫臣 2006 物理学报 55 3255]
[16] Gao F, Guo F Z, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2008 Sci. China Ser. G 51 559
[17] Yin X R, Ma W P, Liu W Y 2012 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51 455
[18] Nguyen B A 2004 Phys. Lett. A 328 6
[19] Man Z X, Xia Y J, Zhang Z J 2006 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 4 739
[20] Guo Y, Chen Z G, Zeng G H 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 2549
[21] Li J, Jin H F, Jing Bo 2011 Sci. China Ser. G 54 1612.
[22] Liu W, Wang Y B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 30305 (in Chinese) [刘文, 王永滨 2011 物理学报 60 30305]
[23] Liu B, Gao F, Wen Q Y 2011 IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 47 1383
[24] Zhou N, Zeng G, Xiong J 2004 Electron. Lett. 40 1149
[25] Tsai C W, Hwang T 2009 Technical Report, C-S-I-E, NCKU, Taiwan, R.O.C.
[26] Chong S K, Hwang T 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 1192
[27] Chong S K, Tsai C W, Hwang T 2011 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 50 1793
[28] Hsueh C C, Chen C Y 2004 Proceedings of the 14th Information Security Conference, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei p236
[29] Shi R H, Zhong H 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 921
[30] Liu B, Gao F, Huang W, Wen Q Y 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 1797
[31] Cai Q Y 2006 Phys. Lett. A 351 23
[32] Li X H, Deng F G, Zhou H Y 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 054302
[33] Gao F, Qin S J, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2007 Quantum Inf. Comput. 7 329
[34] Qin S J, Gao F, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 062324
[35] Gao F, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2007 Phys. Lett. A 360 748
[36] Gao F, Guo F Z, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 208901
[37] Song T T, Zhang J, Gao F, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1333
[38] Guo F Z, Qin S J, Gao F, Liu S, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2010 Eur. Phys. J. D 56 445
[39] Gao F, Qin S J, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 192
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[1] Mitchell C J, Ward M, Wilson P 1998 Electron. Lett. 34 980
[2] Ateniese G, Steiner M, Tsudik G 2000 IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 18 628
[3] Shor P W 1994 Proceedings of 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, Los Alamitos p124
[4] Bennett C H, Brassard G 1984 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing Bangalore, India (New York: IEEE) p175
[5] Bennett C H, Brassard G, Mermin N D 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 557
[6] Long G L, Liu X S 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 032302
[7] Gao F, Guo F Z, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2006 Phys. Lett. A 355 172
[8] Zhang Z J, Man Z X 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 1588
[9] Zeng G H, Keitel C 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 042312
[10] Deng F G, Long G L, Liu X S 2003 Phys. Rev. A 68 042317
[11] Zeng G H, Lee M, Guo Y, He G Q 2007 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 5 553
[12] Zhu C H, Pei C X, Quan D X, Gao J L, Chen N, Yi Y H 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 090301
[13] Ding D, Yan F L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 10302 (in Chinese) [丁东, 闫凤利 2013 物理学报 62 10302]
[14] Zhu J, He G Q, Zeng G H 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 1364
[15] Yang Y G, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3255 (in Chinese) [杨宇光, 温巧燕, 朱甫臣 2006 物理学报 55 3255]
[16] Gao F, Guo F Z, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2008 Sci. China Ser. G 51 559
[17] Yin X R, Ma W P, Liu W Y 2012 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51 455
[18] Nguyen B A 2004 Phys. Lett. A 328 6
[19] Man Z X, Xia Y J, Zhang Z J 2006 Int. J. Quantum Inf. 4 739
[20] Guo Y, Chen Z G, Zeng G H 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 2549
[21] Li J, Jin H F, Jing Bo 2011 Sci. China Ser. G 54 1612.
[22] Liu W, Wang Y B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 30305 (in Chinese) [刘文, 王永滨 2011 物理学报 60 30305]
[23] Liu B, Gao F, Wen Q Y 2011 IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 47 1383
[24] Zhou N, Zeng G, Xiong J 2004 Electron. Lett. 40 1149
[25] Tsai C W, Hwang T 2009 Technical Report, C-S-I-E, NCKU, Taiwan, R.O.C.
[26] Chong S K, Hwang T 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 1192
[27] Chong S K, Tsai C W, Hwang T 2011 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 50 1793
[28] Hsueh C C, Chen C Y 2004 Proceedings of the 14th Information Security Conference, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei p236
[29] Shi R H, Zhong H 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 921
[30] Liu B, Gao F, Huang W, Wen Q Y 2013 Quantum Inf. Process. 12 1797
[31] Cai Q Y 2006 Phys. Lett. A 351 23
[32] Li X H, Deng F G, Zhou H Y 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 054302
[33] Gao F, Qin S J, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2007 Quantum Inf. Comput. 7 329
[34] Qin S J, Gao F, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 062324
[35] Gao F, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2007 Phys. Lett. A 360 748
[36] Gao F, Guo F Z, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 208901
[37] Song T T, Zhang J, Gao F, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1333
[38] Guo F Z, Qin S J, Gao F, Liu S, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2010 Eur. Phys. J. D 56 445
[39] Gao F, Qin S J, Wen Q Y, Zhu F C 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 192
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