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Using the damped projecting Gross-Pitaevkii align, we study the vortex pattern in the two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate of 23Na. We concentrate on the influence of spin-orbit coupling on the vortex pattern and find that the periodic vortex lattice which would occur without any spin-orbit coupling, can be completely destroyed although the strength of spin-orbit coupling is not very strong. With a strong spin-orbit coupling, vortexes in the condensate of each spin state tend to form some vortex groups and then they create a flower-like lattice around the center.
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Keywords:
- Bose-Einstein condensate /
- spin /
- vortex
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[2] Dresselhaus G 1955 Phys. Rev. 100 580
[3] Kato Y K, Myers R C, Gossard A C, Awschalom D D 2004 Science 306 1910
[4] König M, Wiedmann S, Brne C, Roth A, Buhmann H, Molenkamp L W, Qi X L, Zhang S C 2007 Science 318 766
[5] Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 146802
[6] Bernevig B A, Hughes T L, Zhang S C 2006 Science 314 1757
[7] Hsieh D, Qian D, Wray L, Xia Y, Hor Y S, Cava R J, Hasan M Z 2008 Nature 452 970
[8] Sun K, Liu W V, Hemmerich A, Sarma S D 2012 Nature Phys. 8 67
[9] Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature 471 83
[10] Liao R, Yi-Xiang Y, Liu W M 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 080406
[11] Wang C, Gao C, Jian C M, Zhai H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 160403
[12] Ho T L, Zhang S Z 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 150403
[13] Jian C M, Zhai H 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 060508(R)
[14] Sinha S, Nath R, Santos L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 270401
[15] Hu H, Ramachandhran B, Pu H, Liu X J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 010402
[16] Wu C, Mondragon-Shem I, Zhou X F 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 097102
[17] Liu C F, Fan H, Zhang Y C, Wang D S, Liu W M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 053616
[18] Xu X Q, Han J H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 200401
[19] Zhou X F, Zhou J, Wu C 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 063624
[20] Zhao L, Yang J, Xie Q Y, Tian M, Duan Y S 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 057401
[21] Chen A X, Qiu W Y, Wang Z P 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 4204
[22] Liu C F, Liu W M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033602
[23] Bradley A S, Gardiner C W, Davis M J 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 033616
[24] Rooney S J, Bradley A S, Blakie P B 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 023630
[25] Liu C F, Yu Y M, Gou S C, Liu W M 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 063630
[26] Su S W, Hsueh C H, Liu I K, Horng T L, Tsai Y C, Gou S C, Liu W M 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 023601
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[1] Bychkov Y A, Rashba E I 1984 J. Phys. C 17 6039
[2] Dresselhaus G 1955 Phys. Rev. 100 580
[3] Kato Y K, Myers R C, Gossard A C, Awschalom D D 2004 Science 306 1910
[4] König M, Wiedmann S, Brne C, Roth A, Buhmann H, Molenkamp L W, Qi X L, Zhang S C 2007 Science 318 766
[5] Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 146802
[6] Bernevig B A, Hughes T L, Zhang S C 2006 Science 314 1757
[7] Hsieh D, Qian D, Wray L, Xia Y, Hor Y S, Cava R J, Hasan M Z 2008 Nature 452 970
[8] Sun K, Liu W V, Hemmerich A, Sarma S D 2012 Nature Phys. 8 67
[9] Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature 471 83
[10] Liao R, Yi-Xiang Y, Liu W M 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 080406
[11] Wang C, Gao C, Jian C M, Zhai H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 160403
[12] Ho T L, Zhang S Z 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 150403
[13] Jian C M, Zhai H 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 060508(R)
[14] Sinha S, Nath R, Santos L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 270401
[15] Hu H, Ramachandhran B, Pu H, Liu X J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 010402
[16] Wu C, Mondragon-Shem I, Zhou X F 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 097102
[17] Liu C F, Fan H, Zhang Y C, Wang D S, Liu W M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 053616
[18] Xu X Q, Han J H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 200401
[19] Zhou X F, Zhou J, Wu C 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 063624
[20] Zhao L, Yang J, Xie Q Y, Tian M, Duan Y S 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 057401
[21] Chen A X, Qiu W Y, Wang Z P 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 4204
[22] Liu C F, Liu W M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033602
[23] Bradley A S, Gardiner C W, Davis M J 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 033616
[24] Rooney S J, Bradley A S, Blakie P B 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 023630
[25] Liu C F, Yu Y M, Gou S C, Liu W M 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 063630
[26] Su S W, Hsueh C H, Liu I K, Horng T L, Tsai Y C, Gou S C, Liu W M 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 023601
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