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The method of optimally designing experiments is introduced to study the properties of up-conversion luminescence in Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped NaY(MoO4)2 phosphors. The design of experiment, data analysis and objective are all optimized. Uniform design is used to seek for the doping concentration range, and quadratic general rotary unitized design is included to build the equation between the luminescent intensity and the Tm3+/Yb3+doping concentration. In order to obtain the best luminescent intensity, genetic algorithm is introduced into our calculation. The optimal Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped NaY(MoO4)2 phosphor is synthesized by high temperature solid state method. The up-conversion emission spectrum under the 980 nm laser excitation is detected and the luminescence mechanism is proposed. We observe intense blue light (476 nm) and week red light (649 nm) at room temperature, which are emitted from the Tm3+ transition of 1G4→3H6 and 1G4→3F4, respectively. In this up-conversion uminescence system, the up-conversion emission of 1G4 is due to the cooperation energy transfer of two photons. We also discuss the temperature effect of the sample, and as the temperature increases its luminescent intensity decreases.
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Keywords:
- optimal design of experiments /
- up-conversion /
- NaY(MoO4)2 /
- Tm3+/Yb3+
[1] Downing E, Hesselink L, Ralston J, Ralston J 1996 Science 273 1185
[2] Meng Q Y, Liu Z X, Sun W J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 097801 (in Chinese) [孟庆裕, 刘志鑫, 孙文军 2013 物理学报 62 097801]
[3] Wang D F, Zhang X D, Liu Y J, Wu C Y, Zhang C S, Wei C C, Zhao Y 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 027801
[4] Wang Z J, Li P L, Yang Z P, Guo Q L 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 047804
[5] Zhong R X, Zhang J H, Li M Y, Wang X Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 117801(in Chinese) [钟瑞霞, 张家骅, 李明亚, 王晓强 2012 物理学报 61 117801]
[6] Li C R, Li S F, Dong B, Sun J C, Bo X F, Fan X N 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 097803
[7] Sun Y, Yang C H, Jiang Z H, Meng X B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 127801 (in Chinese) [孙彧, 杨春晖, 姜兆华, 孟祥彬 2012 物理学报 61 127801]
[8] Fu S B, Chen B J, Li X P, Zhang J S, Tian Y, Sun J S, Zhong H Y, Cheng L H, Wu Z L 2012 J. Rare Earth 30 979
[9] Liao M S, Li S G, Sun H T, Fang Y Z, Hu L L, Zhang J J 2006 Mater. Lett. 60 1783
[10] Liang L F, Wu H, Hu H L, Wu M M, Su Q 2004 J. Alloys Compd. 368 94
[11] Kafadar V E, Bedir M, Yazící A N, Gnal T 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 057802
[12] Qin G S, Qin W P, Wu C F, Huang S H, Zhang J S, Lu S Z, Zhao D, Liu H Q 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 4328
[13] Tsang W S, Yu W M, Mak C L, Tsui W L, Wong K H, Hui H K 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 1871
[14] Tian W Y, Reddy B R 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 1221
[15] Kam C H, Buddhudu S 2003 J. Microelectronics 34 849
[16] Gan Z S, Yu H, Li Y M, Wang Y N, Chen H, Zhao L J 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5699 (in Chinese) [甘棕松, 余华, 李妍明, 王亚楠, 陈晖, 赵丽娟 2008 物理学报 57 5699]
[17] He C F, Zhao D, Qin G S, Chuai X H, Wang L L, Zheng K Z, Qin W P 2011 Acta Opt. Sin. 40 61 (in Chinese) [何春凤, 赵丹, 秦冠仕, 揣晓红, 王丽丽, 郑克志, 秦伟平 2011 光子学报 40 61]
[18] Sun J Y, Cao C, Du H Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 127801 (in Chinese) [孙家跃, 曹纯, 杜海燕 2011 物理学报 60 127801]
[19] Han Y F, Li J Z, Chen Z Q, Lin L, Li Z, Wang G F 2009 J. Synthetic Cryst. 38 190 (in Chinese) [韩永飞, 李景照, 陈振强, 林浪, 李真, 王国富 2009 人工晶体学报 38 190]
[20] Ren L Q 2009 Design of Experiment and Optimization (Beijing: Science Press) pp174-180 (in Chinese) [任露泉 2009 试验设计及其优化(北京: 科学出版社) 第174–180页]
[21] He W, Xue W D, Tang B 2012 The Method of Optimal Design of Experiment and Data Analysis (Beijing: Chemical Industry Press) pp191-194 (in Chinese) [何为, 薛卫东, 唐斌 2012 优化试验设计方法及数据分析(北京: 化学工业出版社) 第191–194页]
[22] Cheng S P, Xu H, Wang D Z, Wang G J, Wu Z Z 2007 Rare Metal. Mat. Eng. 36 1933 (in Chinese) [程仕平, 徐慧, 王德志, 王光君, 吴壮志 2007 稀有金属材料与工程 36 1933]
[23] Xiong W W, Yin C L, Zhang Y, Zhang J L 2009 Chin. J. Mech. Eng-En. 22 862
[24] Tan G Z, Zhou D M, Jiang B J, Dioubate M I 2008 J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 15 845
[25] Mi R Y, Xia Z G, Liu H K 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 137802 (in Chinese) [米瑞宇, 夏志国, 刘海坤 2013 物理学报 62 137802]
[26] Guo R, Shi P F, Cheng X Q, Li J 2007 Chinese J. Inorg. Chem. 23 1387 (in Chinese) [郭瑞, 史鹏飞, 程新群, 李娟 2007 无机化学学报 23 1387]
[27] Binsdorf G, Schafer K, Teske K, Langbein H, Ullmann H 1998 Solid State Ionics 110 73
[28] Hasmonay E, Depeyrot J, Sousa M H, Tourinho F A, Bacri J C, Perzynski R 1999 J. Magn. Mater. 201 195
[29] Li P L, Xu Z, Zhao S L, Wang Y S, Zhang F J 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 047803
[30] Li C J M 2012 M. S. Dissertation (Dalian: Dalian Maritime University) (in Chinese) [李春静明 2012 硕士学位论文 (大连: 大连海事大学)]
[31] Ren L Q 2009 Regression Design and Optimization (Beijing: Science Press) pp54-69 (in Chinese) [任露泉 2009 回归设计及其优化 (北京: 科学出版社) 第54–69页]
[32] Chen B J, Wang H Y, Qin W P, Xu W, Huang S H 2000 Chin. J. Lumin. 21 38 (in Chinese) [陈宝玖, 王海宇, 秦伟平, 许武, 黄世华 2000发光学报 21 38]
[33] Chen B J, Wang H Y, Qin W P, Cao W H, Xu W, Huang S H 2000 Spetroscopy Spectral Anal. 20 257 (in Chinese) [陈宝玖, 王海宇, 秦伟平, 曹望和, 许武, 黄世华 2000 光谱学与光谱分析 20 257]
[34] Li T G, Liu S W, Wang E H, Song L J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 073201 (in Chinese) [李堂刚, 刘素文, 王恩华, 宋灵君 2011 物理学报 60 073201]
[35] Tian Y, Chen B J, Hua R N, Yu N S, Liu B Q, Sun J S, Cheng L H, Zhong H Y, Li X P, Zhang J S, Tian B N, Zhong H 2012 Cryst. Eng. Commun. 14 1760
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[1] Downing E, Hesselink L, Ralston J, Ralston J 1996 Science 273 1185
[2] Meng Q Y, Liu Z X, Sun W J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 097801 (in Chinese) [孟庆裕, 刘志鑫, 孙文军 2013 物理学报 62 097801]
[3] Wang D F, Zhang X D, Liu Y J, Wu C Y, Zhang C S, Wei C C, Zhao Y 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 027801
[4] Wang Z J, Li P L, Yang Z P, Guo Q L 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 047804
[5] Zhong R X, Zhang J H, Li M Y, Wang X Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 117801(in Chinese) [钟瑞霞, 张家骅, 李明亚, 王晓强 2012 物理学报 61 117801]
[6] Li C R, Li S F, Dong B, Sun J C, Bo X F, Fan X N 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 097803
[7] Sun Y, Yang C H, Jiang Z H, Meng X B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 127801 (in Chinese) [孙彧, 杨春晖, 姜兆华, 孟祥彬 2012 物理学报 61 127801]
[8] Fu S B, Chen B J, Li X P, Zhang J S, Tian Y, Sun J S, Zhong H Y, Cheng L H, Wu Z L 2012 J. Rare Earth 30 979
[9] Liao M S, Li S G, Sun H T, Fang Y Z, Hu L L, Zhang J J 2006 Mater. Lett. 60 1783
[10] Liang L F, Wu H, Hu H L, Wu M M, Su Q 2004 J. Alloys Compd. 368 94
[11] Kafadar V E, Bedir M, Yazící A N, Gnal T 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 057802
[12] Qin G S, Qin W P, Wu C F, Huang S H, Zhang J S, Lu S Z, Zhao D, Liu H Q 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 4328
[13] Tsang W S, Yu W M, Mak C L, Tsui W L, Wong K H, Hui H K 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 1871
[14] Tian W Y, Reddy B R 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 1221
[15] Kam C H, Buddhudu S 2003 J. Microelectronics 34 849
[16] Gan Z S, Yu H, Li Y M, Wang Y N, Chen H, Zhao L J 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5699 (in Chinese) [甘棕松, 余华, 李妍明, 王亚楠, 陈晖, 赵丽娟 2008 物理学报 57 5699]
[17] He C F, Zhao D, Qin G S, Chuai X H, Wang L L, Zheng K Z, Qin W P 2011 Acta Opt. Sin. 40 61 (in Chinese) [何春凤, 赵丹, 秦冠仕, 揣晓红, 王丽丽, 郑克志, 秦伟平 2011 光子学报 40 61]
[18] Sun J Y, Cao C, Du H Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 127801 (in Chinese) [孙家跃, 曹纯, 杜海燕 2011 物理学报 60 127801]
[19] Han Y F, Li J Z, Chen Z Q, Lin L, Li Z, Wang G F 2009 J. Synthetic Cryst. 38 190 (in Chinese) [韩永飞, 李景照, 陈振强, 林浪, 李真, 王国富 2009 人工晶体学报 38 190]
[20] Ren L Q 2009 Design of Experiment and Optimization (Beijing: Science Press) pp174-180 (in Chinese) [任露泉 2009 试验设计及其优化(北京: 科学出版社) 第174–180页]
[21] He W, Xue W D, Tang B 2012 The Method of Optimal Design of Experiment and Data Analysis (Beijing: Chemical Industry Press) pp191-194 (in Chinese) [何为, 薛卫东, 唐斌 2012 优化试验设计方法及数据分析(北京: 化学工业出版社) 第191–194页]
[22] Cheng S P, Xu H, Wang D Z, Wang G J, Wu Z Z 2007 Rare Metal. Mat. Eng. 36 1933 (in Chinese) [程仕平, 徐慧, 王德志, 王光君, 吴壮志 2007 稀有金属材料与工程 36 1933]
[23] Xiong W W, Yin C L, Zhang Y, Zhang J L 2009 Chin. J. Mech. Eng-En. 22 862
[24] Tan G Z, Zhou D M, Jiang B J, Dioubate M I 2008 J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 15 845
[25] Mi R Y, Xia Z G, Liu H K 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 137802 (in Chinese) [米瑞宇, 夏志国, 刘海坤 2013 物理学报 62 137802]
[26] Guo R, Shi P F, Cheng X Q, Li J 2007 Chinese J. Inorg. Chem. 23 1387 (in Chinese) [郭瑞, 史鹏飞, 程新群, 李娟 2007 无机化学学报 23 1387]
[27] Binsdorf G, Schafer K, Teske K, Langbein H, Ullmann H 1998 Solid State Ionics 110 73
[28] Hasmonay E, Depeyrot J, Sousa M H, Tourinho F A, Bacri J C, Perzynski R 1999 J. Magn. Mater. 201 195
[29] Li P L, Xu Z, Zhao S L, Wang Y S, Zhang F J 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 047803
[30] Li C J M 2012 M. S. Dissertation (Dalian: Dalian Maritime University) (in Chinese) [李春静明 2012 硕士学位论文 (大连: 大连海事大学)]
[31] Ren L Q 2009 Regression Design and Optimization (Beijing: Science Press) pp54-69 (in Chinese) [任露泉 2009 回归设计及其优化 (北京: 科学出版社) 第54–69页]
[32] Chen B J, Wang H Y, Qin W P, Xu W, Huang S H 2000 Chin. J. Lumin. 21 38 (in Chinese) [陈宝玖, 王海宇, 秦伟平, 许武, 黄世华 2000发光学报 21 38]
[33] Chen B J, Wang H Y, Qin W P, Cao W H, Xu W, Huang S H 2000 Spetroscopy Spectral Anal. 20 257 (in Chinese) [陈宝玖, 王海宇, 秦伟平, 曹望和, 许武, 黄世华 2000 光谱学与光谱分析 20 257]
[34] Li T G, Liu S W, Wang E H, Song L J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 073201 (in Chinese) [李堂刚, 刘素文, 王恩华, 宋灵君 2011 物理学报 60 073201]
[35] Tian Y, Chen B J, Hua R N, Yu N S, Liu B Q, Sun J S, Cheng L H, Zhong H Y, Li X P, Zhang J S, Tian B N, Zhong H 2012 Cryst. Eng. Commun. 14 1760
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