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The emission spectra from a flame-breakdown atmospheric pressure plasma generated by a nanosecond pulsed 1064 nm beam of Nd:YAG laser are investigated by using a PI-MAX-II intensified charge coupled device. The emission lines of the main elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen are identified according to the national institute of standards and technology database of atomic emission. It is found that the relative intensities of the atomic emission lines are different from each other under different combustion conditions by making a comparative analysis of the spectra of laser induced breakdown air plasma, alcohol burner flame plasma, and alcohol blast burner flame plasma. The obtained results in this work provide an experimental basis for applying the laser-induced breakdown technology to the combustion diagnostics, and have an important reference and significance for analyzing the characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel combusting in air.
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Keywords:
- laser induced breakdown spectrometry /
- flame /
- plasma
[1] Lu C P, Liu W Q, Zhao N J, Liu L T, Chen D, Zhang Y J, Liu J G 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 045206 (in Chinese) [鲁翠萍, 刘文清, 赵南京, 刘立拓, 陈东, 张玉钧, 刘建国 2011 物理学报 60 045206]
[2] Nakimana A, Tao H Y, Hao Z Q, Sun C K, Gao X, Lin J Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014209
[3] Guo L B, Hao R F, Hao Z Q, Li K H, Shen M, Ren Z, Li X Y, Zeng X Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 224211 (in Chinese) [郭连波, 郝荣飞, 郝中骐, 李阔湖, 沈萌, 任昭, 李祥友, 曾晓雁 2013 物理学报 62 224211]
[4] Miziolek A, Palleschi V, Schechter I 2006 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Fundamentals and Applications (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp257-290
[5] Singh J P, Thakur S N 2007 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (New York: Elsevier) pp10-15
[6] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J 2007 Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (New York: Wiley) pp36-42
[7] Rusak D A, Castle B C, Smith B W, Winefordner J D 1997 Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 27 257
[8] Zhang H, Yueh F Y, Singh J P 1999 Appl. Opt. 38 1459
[9] Hahn D W, Flower W L, Henken K R 1997 Appl. Spectrosc. 51 1836
[10] Zhang H, Singh J P, Yueh F Y, Cook R L 1995 Appl. Spectrosc. 49 1617
[11] Michalakou A, Stavropoulos P, Couris S 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 081501
[12] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J 1983 Anal. Chem. 55 1252
[13] Radziemski L J, Loree T R, Cremers D A, Hoffman N M 1983 Anal. Chem. 55 1246
[14] Sturm V, Peter L, Noll R 2000 Appl. Spectrosc. 54 1275
[15] Cabalín L M, Laserna J J 1998 Spectrochim. Acta Part B 53 723
[16] Sattmann R, Monch I, Krause H, Noll R, Couris S, Hatziapostolou A, Mavromanolakis A, Fotakis C, Larrauri E, Miguel R 1998 Appl. Spectrosc. 52 456
[17] Gornushkin I B, Anzano J M, King L A, Smith B W, Omenetto N, Winefordner J D 1999 Spectrochim. Acta Part B 54 491
[18] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J, Loree T R 1984 Appl. Spectrosc. 38 721
[19] Pichahchy A E, Cremers D A, Ferris M J 1997 Spectrochim. Acta Part B 52 25
[20] Hanafi M, Omar M M, Gamal Y E E D 2000 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 57 11
[21] Blevins L G, Shaddix C R, Sickafoose S M, Walsh P M 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 6107
[22] Lithgow G A, Robinson A L, Buckley S G 2004 Atmos. Environ. 38 3319
[23] Kiefer J, Tröger J W, Seeger T, Leipertz A, Li B, Li Z S, Aldén M 2010 Meas. Sci. Technol. 21 065303
[24] Kiefer J, Li Z S, Aldén M 2013 Meas. Sci. Technol. 24 075205
[25] Tripathi M M, Srinivasan K K, Krishnan S R, Yueh F Y, Singh J P 2013 Fuel 106 318
[26] Kiefer J, Tröger J W, Li Z S, Aldén M 2011 Appl. Phys. B 103 229
[27] Einecke S, Schulz C, Sick V 2000 Appl. Phys. B 71 717
[28] Ma L, Sanders S T, Jeffries J B, Hanson R K 2003 Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 161
[29] Hoinghaus K K, Jeffries J B 2002 Applied Combustion Diagnostics (New York: Taylor and Francis) pp15-28
[30] Ferioli F, Puzinauskas P V, Buckley S G 2003 Appl. Spectrosc. 57 1183
[31] Ferioli F, Buckley S G 2006 Combust. Flame 144 435
[32] Phuoc T X, White F P 2002 Fuel 81 1761
[33] Stavropoulos P, Michalakou A, Skevis G, Couris S 2005 Spectrochim. Acta B 60 1092
[34] Stavropoulos P, Michalakou A, Skevis G, Couris S 2005 Chem. Phys. Lett. 404 309
[35] Lin Z X, Li X Y, Cheng X W, Li F Q, Gong S S 2003 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 23 421 (in Chinese) [林兆祥, 李小银, 程学武, 李发泉, 龚顺生 2003 光谱学与光谱分析 23 421]
[36] Robert J N 1995 Appl. Spectrosc. 49 1490
[37] Li X Y, Lin Z X, Liu Y Y, Chen Y Q, Gong S S 2004 Acta Opt. Sin. 24 1051 (in Chinese) [李小银, 林兆祥, 刘煜炎, 陈扬锓, 龚顺生 2004 光学学报 24 1051]
[38] Ding H L, Gao L X, Zheng H Y, Wang Y P, Huang T, Ding L, Zhang W J, Fang L 2010 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 30 l (in Chinese) [丁慧林, 高立新, 郑海洋, 王颖萍, 黄腾, 丁蕾, 张为俊, 方黎 2010 光谱学与光谱分析 30 l]
[39] Lin Z X, Wu J Q, Gong S S 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 5892 (in Chinese) [林兆祥, 吴金泉, 龚顺生 2006 物理学报 55 5892]
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[1] Lu C P, Liu W Q, Zhao N J, Liu L T, Chen D, Zhang Y J, Liu J G 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 045206 (in Chinese) [鲁翠萍, 刘文清, 赵南京, 刘立拓, 陈东, 张玉钧, 刘建国 2011 物理学报 60 045206]
[2] Nakimana A, Tao H Y, Hao Z Q, Sun C K, Gao X, Lin J Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014209
[3] Guo L B, Hao R F, Hao Z Q, Li K H, Shen M, Ren Z, Li X Y, Zeng X Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 224211 (in Chinese) [郭连波, 郝荣飞, 郝中骐, 李阔湖, 沈萌, 任昭, 李祥友, 曾晓雁 2013 物理学报 62 224211]
[4] Miziolek A, Palleschi V, Schechter I 2006 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Fundamentals and Applications (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp257-290
[5] Singh J P, Thakur S N 2007 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (New York: Elsevier) pp10-15
[6] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J 2007 Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (New York: Wiley) pp36-42
[7] Rusak D A, Castle B C, Smith B W, Winefordner J D 1997 Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 27 257
[8] Zhang H, Yueh F Y, Singh J P 1999 Appl. Opt. 38 1459
[9] Hahn D W, Flower W L, Henken K R 1997 Appl. Spectrosc. 51 1836
[10] Zhang H, Singh J P, Yueh F Y, Cook R L 1995 Appl. Spectrosc. 49 1617
[11] Michalakou A, Stavropoulos P, Couris S 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 081501
[12] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J 1983 Anal. Chem. 55 1252
[13] Radziemski L J, Loree T R, Cremers D A, Hoffman N M 1983 Anal. Chem. 55 1246
[14] Sturm V, Peter L, Noll R 2000 Appl. Spectrosc. 54 1275
[15] Cabalín L M, Laserna J J 1998 Spectrochim. Acta Part B 53 723
[16] Sattmann R, Monch I, Krause H, Noll R, Couris S, Hatziapostolou A, Mavromanolakis A, Fotakis C, Larrauri E, Miguel R 1998 Appl. Spectrosc. 52 456
[17] Gornushkin I B, Anzano J M, King L A, Smith B W, Omenetto N, Winefordner J D 1999 Spectrochim. Acta Part B 54 491
[18] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J, Loree T R 1984 Appl. Spectrosc. 38 721
[19] Pichahchy A E, Cremers D A, Ferris M J 1997 Spectrochim. Acta Part B 52 25
[20] Hanafi M, Omar M M, Gamal Y E E D 2000 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 57 11
[21] Blevins L G, Shaddix C R, Sickafoose S M, Walsh P M 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 6107
[22] Lithgow G A, Robinson A L, Buckley S G 2004 Atmos. Environ. 38 3319
[23] Kiefer J, Tröger J W, Seeger T, Leipertz A, Li B, Li Z S, Aldén M 2010 Meas. Sci. Technol. 21 065303
[24] Kiefer J, Li Z S, Aldén M 2013 Meas. Sci. Technol. 24 075205
[25] Tripathi M M, Srinivasan K K, Krishnan S R, Yueh F Y, Singh J P 2013 Fuel 106 318
[26] Kiefer J, Tröger J W, Li Z S, Aldén M 2011 Appl. Phys. B 103 229
[27] Einecke S, Schulz C, Sick V 2000 Appl. Phys. B 71 717
[28] Ma L, Sanders S T, Jeffries J B, Hanson R K 2003 Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 161
[29] Hoinghaus K K, Jeffries J B 2002 Applied Combustion Diagnostics (New York: Taylor and Francis) pp15-28
[30] Ferioli F, Puzinauskas P V, Buckley S G 2003 Appl. Spectrosc. 57 1183
[31] Ferioli F, Buckley S G 2006 Combust. Flame 144 435
[32] Phuoc T X, White F P 2002 Fuel 81 1761
[33] Stavropoulos P, Michalakou A, Skevis G, Couris S 2005 Spectrochim. Acta B 60 1092
[34] Stavropoulos P, Michalakou A, Skevis G, Couris S 2005 Chem. Phys. Lett. 404 309
[35] Lin Z X, Li X Y, Cheng X W, Li F Q, Gong S S 2003 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 23 421 (in Chinese) [林兆祥, 李小银, 程学武, 李发泉, 龚顺生 2003 光谱学与光谱分析 23 421]
[36] Robert J N 1995 Appl. Spectrosc. 49 1490
[37] Li X Y, Lin Z X, Liu Y Y, Chen Y Q, Gong S S 2004 Acta Opt. Sin. 24 1051 (in Chinese) [李小银, 林兆祥, 刘煜炎, 陈扬锓, 龚顺生 2004 光学学报 24 1051]
[38] Ding H L, Gao L X, Zheng H Y, Wang Y P, Huang T, Ding L, Zhang W J, Fang L 2010 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 30 l (in Chinese) [丁慧林, 高立新, 郑海洋, 王颖萍, 黄腾, 丁蕾, 张为俊, 方黎 2010 光谱学与光谱分析 30 l]
[39] Lin Z X, Wu J Q, Gong S S 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 5892 (in Chinese) [林兆祥, 吴金泉, 龚顺生 2006 物理学报 55 5892]
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