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Electric field distribution, in the wavelength range 1053 nm and 0° high reflection coatings, with different truncated conical pits has been estimated by using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). Results of simulations indicate that the smaller the angle between the pit’s edge and the normal line, the higher the damage threshold of the mitigation pit. In the experimental process, the dimension of this angle mainly depends on two factors, i.e. the influencing area of the focal spot and the depth of mitigation pits. Because the ratio between them is the angle’s tangent, decreasing the influencing area of the focal spot and increasing the depth of the machined area could yield a mitigation pit with a smaller angle. By optimizing the focal spot size, pulse energy, step size and the number of machining passes of femtosecond laser micromachining, a pit with an angle of 25° and a depth of 14 μm is obtained. The typical damage threshold of the mitigation pit is about 21 J/cm2, which is 2.3 times greater than the fluence-limited defect. Moreover, the laser damage testing results of 50 mitigation pits show that the mitigation process has a good repeatability. The correlation between the cone angle and the damage threshold is also examined, the simulations are in agreement with the experimental results. The ratio of the maximum intensification between 45° and 25° cone angles is ～2.5 and that of the damage threshold between the two angles is ～0.5. At the same time, the relationship between the micromachining pulse width and the damage threshold is also estimated: if other process parameters are kept constant, a longer pulse length tends to produce lower laser-resistant mitigation pits. Compared to the result of 260 fs laser pulse, the truncated conical pit created by 6 ps laser pulse has a smaller depth, which implies that more thermal effect occurs during the miromachining process. However, cracks are not found around the pit. Thus, thermal damage is not the major reason for the decrease of damage threshold. Meanwhile, smaller depth also indicates that the pit has a large cone angle. According to the result of former FDTD simulation, the decrease of damage threshold is mainly caused by electric field enhancement in a pit with a large cone angle.
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Keywords:
- dielectric mirrors /
- damage mitigation /
- femtosecond laser micromachining /
- laser damage threshold
[1] Wolfe J E, Qiu S R, Stolz C J 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 9
[2] Li L, Xiang X, Yuan X D, He S B, Jiang X D, Zheng W G, Zu X T 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 054207
[3] Wolfe J, Qiu R, Stolz C, Thomas M, Martinez C, Ozkan A 2009 Proceedings of the 41st SPIE Boulder, Colorado, September 21-23, 2009 p750405
[4] Palmier S, Gallais L, Commandre M, Cormont P, Courchinoux R, Lamaignere L, Rullier J L, Legros P 2009 Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 10
[5] Geraghty P, Carr W, Draggoo V, Hackel R, Mailhiot C, Norton M 2007 Proceedings of the 38th SPIE Boulder, Colorado, September 25-27, 2006 p64030Q
[6] Qiu S R, Wolf J E, Monterrosa A M, Feit M D, Pistor T V, Stolz C J 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 9
[7] Chen S L 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [陈顺利 2013 博士学位论文 (上海: 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所)]
[8] Qiu S R, Wolfe J E, Monterrosa A M, Feit M D, Pistor T V, Stolz C J 2009 Proceedings of the 41st SPIE Boulder, Colorado, September 21-23, 2009 p75040M
[9] Borden M R, Folta J A, Stolz C J, Taylor J R, Wolfe J E, Griffin A J, Thomas M D 2005 Proceedings of the 37th SPIE Boulder, Colorado, September 19-21, 2005 p59912A
[10] Wang C, Wei H, Wang J F, Jiang Y E, Fan W, Li X C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 224204 (in Chinese) [汪超, 韦辉, 王江峰, 姜有恩, 范薇, 李学春 2014 物理学报 63 224204]
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[1] Wolfe J E, Qiu S R, Stolz C J 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 9
[2] Li L, Xiang X, Yuan X D, He S B, Jiang X D, Zheng W G, Zu X T 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 054207
[3] Wolfe J, Qiu R, Stolz C, Thomas M, Martinez C, Ozkan A 2009 Proceedings of the 41st SPIE Boulder, Colorado, September 21-23, 2009 p750405
[4] Palmier S, Gallais L, Commandre M, Cormont P, Courchinoux R, Lamaignere L, Rullier J L, Legros P 2009 Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 10
[5] Geraghty P, Carr W, Draggoo V, Hackel R, Mailhiot C, Norton M 2007 Proceedings of the 38th SPIE Boulder, Colorado, September 25-27, 2006 p64030Q
[6] Qiu S R, Wolf J E, Monterrosa A M, Feit M D, Pistor T V, Stolz C J 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 9
[7] Chen S L 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [陈顺利 2013 博士学位论文 (上海: 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所)]
[8] Qiu S R, Wolfe J E, Monterrosa A M, Feit M D, Pistor T V, Stolz C J 2009 Proceedings of the 41st SPIE Boulder, Colorado, September 21-23, 2009 p75040M
[9] Borden M R, Folta J A, Stolz C J, Taylor J R, Wolfe J E, Griffin A J, Thomas M D 2005 Proceedings of the 37th SPIE Boulder, Colorado, September 19-21, 2005 p59912A
[10] Wang C, Wei H, Wang J F, Jiang Y E, Fan W, Li X C 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 224204 (in Chinese) [汪超, 韦辉, 王江峰, 姜有恩, 范薇, 李学春 2014 物理学报 63 224204]
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