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A low-cost defected ground structure (DGS) wideband stopband filter adopting complementary structure is proposed, which is designed for common-mode noise suppression in high-speed differential signals. The filter is etched below the low cost FR4 printed circuit board. To avoid stimulating the common-mode noise, the DGS cells on ground planes are kept symmetrical to the central line of the two differential signal lines. Both sides of the filter adopt a symmetric cup-shape DGS structure and the middle of the filter adopts a symmetric umbrella-type structure. All of the DGS structures are complementary, which makes the filter compact and miniaturized. What is more, because the spaces among the three DGS are closer, there exist the mutual inductances among them, which are utilized to achieve a wide stopband filter. The simulated result demonstrates the proposed filter has a wideband bandwidth of 6.8 GHz over 20 dB. In order to analyze the effect of compact structure of the filter, a filter having the same DGS patterns but large spaces among them is compared with it. The simulated result demonstrates that the stopband bandwidth of the compared filter has a wideband bandwidth of 4.4 GHz over 20 dB, of which the bandwidth is about 2.4 GHz less than that of the proposed filter. It is obvious that there exists a mutual inductance in the compact DGS structure common-mode filter, which plays an important role in broadening the bandwidth of the proposed filter. In order to facilitate analysis, an equivalent model of LC circuit is also given. The equivalent parameters of LC can be deduced from the definition of 3 dB cut-off frequency and resonant frequency, of which the values can be obtained by the HFSS simulation. The simulated and measured results show that the differential signal under the DGS filter is nearly intact, and the common-mode noise can be reduced over 20 dB from 4.6 GHz to 11.4 GHz and over 15 dB from 4.3 GHz to 12 GHz, while the area of the filter is only 10 mm by 10 mm. Compared with the periodic DGS at the same suppression depth of common-mode noise over 20 dB, the method has the advantages that surface area is reduced to no more than 30%, and the stopband width is increased by over 50%.
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Keywords:
- stopband filter /
- defected ground structure /
- common-mode /
- complementary structure
[1] Al-Hasan M J, Denidni T A, Sebak A R 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 4354
[2] Elena P, Eva R I, Kildal P S 2012 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 22 129
[3] Kim S H, Lee J Y, Nguyen T T, Jang, J H 2013 IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. 12 1468
[4] Jiang D C, Li Y S, Lu J M, Ding T H 2013 J Electron. Inform. Technol. 35 1496 (in Chinese) [蒋冬初, 李玉山, 路建民, 丁同浩 2013 电子与信息学报 35 1496]
[5] Shi L F, Cai C S, Meng C, Cheng L Y 2013 Chin. J. Radio Sci. 28 332 (in Chinese) [史凌峰,蔡成山,孟辰,成立业 2013 电波科学学报 28 332]
[6] Xu H X, Wang G M, Liang J G, Peng Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 074101 (in Chinese) [许河秀, 王光明, 梁建刚, 彭清 2012 物理学报 61 074101]
[7] Gao W D, Liu H, Sun R H 2013 J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. 47 1109 (in Chinese) [高卫东, 刘汉, 孙荣辉 2013 上海交通大学学报 47 1109]
[8] Wang X Z, Gao J S, Xu N X 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 207301 (in Chinese) [王秀芝, 高劲松, 徐念喜 2013 物理学报 62 207301]
[9] Ahn D, Park J S, Kim C S, Kim J, Qian Y X, Itoh T 2001 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Technol. 49 86
[10] Karmakar N, Roy S M, Balbin I 2006 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Technol. 54 2160
[11] Woo D J, Lee T K, Lee J W 2013 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 23 447
[12] Liu W T, Tsai C H, Han T W, Wu T L 2008 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 18 248
[13] Yang F X, Tang M, Wu L S, Mao J F 2014 IEEE Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging m& Systems Symposium Bangalore, India, December 14-16, 2014 p129
[14] Lee J K, Kim Y S 2010 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 20 316
[15] Wu S J, Tsai C H, Wu T L, Itoh T 2009 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Technol. 57 848
[16] Kufa M, Raida Z 2013 Elect. Lett. 49 199
[17] Pang Y Y, Feng Z H 2012 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Shenzhen, China, May 5-8, 2012 p1
[18] Song Y H, Yang G M, Wen G Y 2014 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 24 230
[19] Hong J S G, Lancaster M J 2001 Microstrip Filter for RF/Microwave Applications (New York: Wiley) pp248-255
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[1] Al-Hasan M J, Denidni T A, Sebak A R 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 4354
[2] Elena P, Eva R I, Kildal P S 2012 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 22 129
[3] Kim S H, Lee J Y, Nguyen T T, Jang, J H 2013 IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. 12 1468
[4] Jiang D C, Li Y S, Lu J M, Ding T H 2013 J Electron. Inform. Technol. 35 1496 (in Chinese) [蒋冬初, 李玉山, 路建民, 丁同浩 2013 电子与信息学报 35 1496]
[5] Shi L F, Cai C S, Meng C, Cheng L Y 2013 Chin. J. Radio Sci. 28 332 (in Chinese) [史凌峰,蔡成山,孟辰,成立业 2013 电波科学学报 28 332]
[6] Xu H X, Wang G M, Liang J G, Peng Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 074101 (in Chinese) [许河秀, 王光明, 梁建刚, 彭清 2012 物理学报 61 074101]
[7] Gao W D, Liu H, Sun R H 2013 J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. 47 1109 (in Chinese) [高卫东, 刘汉, 孙荣辉 2013 上海交通大学学报 47 1109]
[8] Wang X Z, Gao J S, Xu N X 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 207301 (in Chinese) [王秀芝, 高劲松, 徐念喜 2013 物理学报 62 207301]
[9] Ahn D, Park J S, Kim C S, Kim J, Qian Y X, Itoh T 2001 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Technol. 49 86
[10] Karmakar N, Roy S M, Balbin I 2006 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Technol. 54 2160
[11] Woo D J, Lee T K, Lee J W 2013 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 23 447
[12] Liu W T, Tsai C H, Han T W, Wu T L 2008 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 18 248
[13] Yang F X, Tang M, Wu L S, Mao J F 2014 IEEE Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging m& Systems Symposium Bangalore, India, December 14-16, 2014 p129
[14] Lee J K, Kim Y S 2010 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 20 316
[15] Wu S J, Tsai C H, Wu T L, Itoh T 2009 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Technol. 57 848
[16] Kufa M, Raida Z 2013 Elect. Lett. 49 199
[17] Pang Y Y, Feng Z H 2012 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Shenzhen, China, May 5-8, 2012 p1
[18] Song Y H, Yang G M, Wen G Y 2014 IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett. 24 230
[19] Hong J S G, Lancaster M J 2001 Microstrip Filter for RF/Microwave Applications (New York: Wiley) pp248-255
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